Advantages and disadvantages of dam construction?

Advantages and disadvantages of building a dam

With the rapid development of economy, the power supply is suddenly tense. Facing the increasingly severe environmental pressure, how to seek clean, lasting and efficient energy has become a difficult problem facing the world in the 2 1 century. Only when people seriously protect the ecology and environment on the earth can we make sustainable use of natural resources and make the evolution of ecology and environment beneficial to human life and health. The construction of any dam or reservoir will have both positive and negative effects. The question is which is the main one. If the dam site is suitable and the scale is moderate, the positive impact may outweigh the negative impact. Generally speaking, the construction of small and medium-sized reservoirs in sparsely populated barren mountainous areas will increase the water landscape, improve the local microclimate, be conducive to aquaculture and water sports, and promote the rise of tourism and the development of small towns. However, the construction of giant dams and reservoirs in valleys with dense population, long cultural history and many cultural relics will have a huge negative impact, and its losses may be irreparable.

First of all, the benefits of the dam:

First of all, dams can solve natural problems such as flood control, drought resistance and water shortage.

Dams are of great significance for flood control. According to the analysis of the Three Gorges Dam in China, the Yangtze River basin is rich in resources, especially in the middle and lower reaches, and the land is very fertile, which is a concentrated area of cities in China and a dense part of economically and socially developed cities in China. However, there are floods in this area every year, and the occurrence of floods with different frequencies directly brings serious losses to the local economy and people's lives and property. One of the functions of the Three Gorges Dam is flood control. It can intercept the flood from the upstream, greatly reduce the frequency of flood occurrence, and then protect the land and population around the downstream plain from the threat of flood. Dams prevent drought by storing water in rivers and opening gates to release water. According to the analysis of China's current situation, we can know that China's fresh water resources are very short on the whole, and it will be affected by the monsoon climate, and there will often be a phenomenon of high concentration of heavy rain, which will inevitably lead to floods. As we all know, the current economic development is accompanied by the increase of people's demand for water resources, and to solve the problem of water shortage, we must first build water storage reservoirs and increase people's utilization of water resources.

Secondly, the dam can provide a steady stream of energy.

Dams provide a steady stream of energy for socialist construction. At present, China is facing an energy crisis. The remaining recoverable reserves of coal, natural gas and oil are gradually decreasing. According to the current consumption rate, 100 years later will be exhausted. Therefore, to realize the sustainable development of human society, we must change the energy structure and develop renewable energy. Although wind and solar power generation technologies have a broader development prospect, according to the existing technical level, other renewable energy generation technologies such as wind and solar power can not meet the large-scale social needs. At present, about 20% of the world's electricity comes from hydropower, while the proportion of other renewable energy sources is still small. Hydropower is the only renewable energy with mature technology and large-scale development, which has great social value.

Third, what are the social benefits of the dam?

Benefits brought by dam project to residents in this area. The construction of large-scale water conservancy projects can increase local employment opportunities and further reduce the crime rate.

Second, the shortcomings of the dam:

Once the dam is built, it will destroy the distribution of water resources. In Bolange District, West Orissa, India, there used to be dozens of ponds in many villages. However, after the completion of the dam, 80% of the ponds disappeared, which affected the grain yield reduction in this area. Only those villages that have preserved traditional water storage methods and protected forests have withstood the test of successive years of disasters.

After the completion of the dam, it will also change the rainfall pattern: the local rainfall pattern has been changed by the Xilakudam reservoir, so it is considered that the drought is caused by the reservoir, because there is too much rainfall on one side of the reservoir, but there is no rainfall on the other. So the reservoir has brought prosperity to one area, but poverty to another; It adds green to one area, but deprives another area of vitality.

Not only that, dams will also destroy biological habitats. Zambezi Delta is a huge floodplain with an area of 654.38+800,000 square kilometers. But in the past century, there has been no flood in this area, especially after the construction of a dam like Kahe Labaca on the Zambezi River. With the disappearance of the flood, the carrying capacity of the wetland is declining day by day, and it is impossible to raise a large number of buffaloes who once lived here. So now we can see that many rivers leading to the delta plain have been covered with vegetation, and there is almost no water in the rivers. Flood cut-off is the main reason why the delta is facing drought now.

The establishment of the dam will also destroy the living conditions of human beings in the flood plain. When there were floods in the past two or three years, people left the flooded areas and moved to high places to live. After the flood subsided, they returned to the flooded area to continue their daily life. But after the completion of the dam, such days are gone forever. Scientists believe that the annual flood can not only benefit hundreds of thousands of people in the lower reaches of Zambezi River, but also restore habitats that are extremely important for many endangered species in the delta and save the endangered mangroves on the shore.

Three, the harm to the dam, I think the following measures can be taken:

1. The construction of the dam should try to avoid causing a large number of immigrants to move.

2. Build a fish ladder to protect the fish from swimming back.

3. Strengthen public participation, so that those who are negatively affected will become the first beneficiaries of such projects.

4. The dam releases water at the traditional time every year to rebuild the natural seasonal river flood.