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Handwritten newspaper with excellent family style
Handwritten newspaper with good family style
Excellent family style manuscript II
Excellent family style manuscript III
Excellent family style manuscript iv
Family style characteristics
1, example
Family style, as a value recognized by a family or family, must be authoritative and exemplary, that is, "exemplary". The traditional family in ancient China was not isolated, but existed in the clan, and its daily behavior was restricted by the clan agreement. The formulation of clan contract is usually discussed by the elders valued by Nedgard clan, which contains their philosophy of dealing with people for many years, and also takes into account social trends and fairness and justice. No matter whether such clan contract appears in the form of words or not, it has a strong "legal" nature, and family members will unconditionally implement and continue it out of respect and trust for their elders.
However, after the establishment of clan contract, it is not static, and may change because of the birth of outstanding members of clan; Or the family rules passed down from generation to generation will be established after the birth of excellent family members.
For example, the famous family model of Sima Guang is an example of the birth of outstanding family members and the change of family contract. The distant ancestor of the famous Sima Guang can be traced back to Sima Fu, a royal family in the Western Jin Dynasty. His father Sima Chi was an assistant minister of the Ministry of War and was in Tianzhangge (Tianzhangge was affiliated to the Imperial Academy, and the servant system was a consultant to the Imperial Library). ), such a home of poetry and calligraphy for generations, there must be family rules and family instructions. After becoming a representative of Sima family, Sima Guang, a famous person, wrote Family Instructions, which systematically expounded the ethical relationship of the family, the principles of managing the family, self-cultivation and the way of dealing with people. At this point, the thoughts in Family Style became Sima's family style.
Another example is the Liu family in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, which is a family discipline passed down from generation to generation after the birth of outstanding family members. The Liu family has been farmers for generations and is a new family who immigrated to Shandong. Liu Bixian is the first scholar in the family. He paid an audience with the Foreign Minister of Guangxi Department of the Ministry of Housing, and resigned in his later years and returned to his hometown. He devoted himself to the education of his children and grandchildren, and set up a family motto of "being an honest official, accumulating virtue and doing good, being an official without exaggeration, not erecting a monument, being diligent in keeping the family and keeping the funeral simple".
During the nearly 200 years from Liu Bixian's appointment as a scholar in Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty to the last years of Daoguang, Liu's family continued for seven generations, and successively won 198 people in scientific research, including the fifth-generation scholar 1 1 person, the sixth-generation juror, and 73 officials with more than seven grades, who served as a magistrate.
2. Sociality
Family is the cell of society, and the existence of family style must adapt to the social trend. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "hundreds of schools have been deposed, and Confucianism has been the only one". Confucianism has especially advocated filial piety, loyalty, faithfulness, propriety, righteousness, honesty and shame, which is the "eight virtues". As the code of conduct of people in feudal society, "Eight Virtues" generally existed in family style.
In the Song Dynasty, the rise of Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng, social transformation and turmoil, and the invasion of northern minority cultures did not shake people's belief in feudal thought, but were influenced by Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng, which extended the "fierce" character on the basis of "eight virtues". Therefore, there is a saying that "starvation is a trivial matter, and dishonor is a major matter."
"No one has died since ancient times, and it is popular in society to take care of people's hearts and shine on history" and other family styles. In the Ming Dynasty before Yangming's theory of mind dominated the atmosphere, the thought of "unity of knowledge and action" had far-reaching influence and still has guiding significance today. It can be seen that family style has a strong sociality, and it may be redefined under the influence of mainstream social thoughts.
3. Legacy
"From generation to generation" and "lifestyle" are two important labels of family style, and the inheritance of family style is largely reflected in lifestyle. Lifestyle can be divided into two aspects: value identification and lifestyle, which cannot be completely separated. Value identification is the ideological guidance of lifestyle, and lifestyle is the manifestation of value identification. Value recognition is the foundation of family tradition, and generations of families will recognize the values of their ancestors before they can practice that lifestyle.
For example, honesty is a value, and frugality is the embodiment of this value in life style. Of course, many family precepts do not clearly distinguish values from lifestyles, because simple and clear expressions are more conducive to circulation. This simplicity is also reflected in the high generalization of ancient books, and often a few words condense an idea or a truth; At the same time, it must be the expression of grounding gas, because the cultural level at home is different, it is difficult to write and it is not easy to spread.
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