What kind of secrets are hidden in the "Hongwu two years" of the Ming Dynasty?

When Huguang's immigration to Sichuan, which began in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, became a historical precipitation, people will naturally arouse their understanding and memory of the past when thinking about the origin of life and pursuing the proposition "Where did I come from?"

Xiaogan Township is the earliest in the history of "moving the lake into Sichuan" since Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and it is in the source position, so it is the most famous and influential. Even in the middle of Ming Dynasty, although this geographical unit had already disappeared in Huguang, it was preserved by Huguang immigrants and their descendants as the hometown memory of Sichuan, where immigrants settled, and passed down from generation to generation through oral and written carriers. Huguang immigrants were concentrated among Chu soldiers and villagers who stayed in Sichuan after the collapse of the political power in the summer of Hongwu in two years, which laid the foundation for the distribution of Huguang immigrants in Sichuan in the early Ming Dynasty and sowed the seeds of Chu ancestors in Sichuan. This is the origin of Shu people's memory of Chu people. This is embodied in the fact that when tracing the origin of ancestors, later Shu people often say that the time of moving to Sichuan originated from Hongwu for 2 years. "Jianyang County Records of the Republic of China" said: "In the second year of Hongwu, the residents of Huguang Macheng moved to Jianzhou." Among the 30 clans that originally belonged to Huguang people in Xiaogan Township of Macheng, collected in Jianyang County Records of the Republic of China, 24 were confirmed to have entered Sichuan in the second or third year of Hongwu, accounting for about 80%. In the ancestors' memory of Shu people, the phenomenon that Hongwu entered Shu for two years mainly existed among the descendants of Chu people, especially among the immigrants who claimed to be Xiaogan Township in Macheng. The origin of this ancestral memory remains to be verified, but in the Republic of China, it has formed a kind of "folklore" and "Shu dialect", reaching the level of "people speak naturally". In the genealogy and local chronicles of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, families about Hongwu's two-year entry into Sichuan are all over Sichuan. Most of these families who came to Shu in Hongwu for two years were from Chu Province, or entered Sichuan through Huguang, Macheng or Xiaogan Township. There are three different views on "vouchers entering Sichuan" Among the families who entered Sichuan in the second year of Hongwu, many people recorded the reasons why their ancestors moved to Sichuan as "ordered to enter Sichuan", "ordered to enter Sichuan" and "ordered to enter Sichuan", and some even recorded the year of "ordered to enter Sichuan" as the second year of Hongwu. As we all know, in the second year of Hongwu, Sichuan was still under the control of the Daxia regime. Why do folk genealogies generally write the time when the family moved from Huguang to Sichuan as "two years of Hongwu"? What is the mystery behind Hongwu's two-year migration? Since it is said that "Feng Ling enters Sichuan", whose will is it? Is it the will of the Daxia regime or the will of Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty? Or is there another reason? In this regard, there are three views in academic circles. First, the hero said. Most of the clans whose ancestral home was Macheng "fled from the east to avoid chaos" at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and the Daxia regime "widely recruited villagers to consolidate their potential", so there is no doubt that the people who awarded the imperial edict were clear about the earthquake. The family known as "Hong Wu moved to Shu at the beginning" was out of the need to get rid of the "false name" of the previous dynasty. After the Ming army laid siege to Shu, it must not be called an outspoken one. In order to cover up this history, they and their descendants called this family "those who avoided the red scarf and entered Sichuan"; Or changed its name to "Entering Sichuan" and "Feng Zhi Filling Shu". Second, the Ming dynasty said. As early as the twenty-fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's regime began to directly manage and control the ephedra area in eastern Hubei. In this case, the Daxia regime was not only unable, but also impossible to attract immigrants across the border to the territory controlled by Zhu Yuanzhang. Therefore, it is recorded in the genealogy that Hongwu moved to Sichuan two years ago, not in response to the imperial edict of the Daxia regime. Then, the will of these immigrant families will inevitably not come from the Daxia regime, but only from the Ming Dynasty. Third, Chen Youliang military and civilian said. When analyzing many cases of Xiaogan villagers moving to Sichuan in the second year of Hongwu, Chongqing scholar Yue and Cheng Xing pointed out that they were soldiers and civilians who Chen Youliang took refuge in, neither in summer nor in the Ming Dynasty, or when the regime controlled Bashu in summer. So many people went from Xiaogan Township to Sichuan together, did they join the army or emigrate? Hubei, where Hongwu lived for two years, has long been Zhu Yuanzhang's sphere of influence, and it is impossible for the Daxia regime to recruit troops in Hubei. So these people should be regarded as spontaneous immigrants, that is, Chen Youliang soldiers and civilians who were hunted by Zhu Yuanzhang. "Two years of Hongwu" is a symbol. "Hongwu two years" is not only a major difficulty in the origin of Sichuan immigrants, but also a puzzling topic in the history of Ming immigrants. Looking around the migration activities in all parts of the country in the early Ming Dynasty, except the migration events in the exact year, they are usually expressed in the form of "two years of Hongwu". Generally speaking, the phenomenon of "two years of Hongwu" in Sichuan should be understood as a kind of behavior of "Shu people and Chu people" caused by "taboo" after the Ming army pacified Shu. Various local documents in Sichuan also prove that before the Ming army besieged Shu, all kinds of Chu people had moved to Sichuan, including those who took refuge in Chu at the end of Yuan Dynasty and those who followed Ming into Sichuan. Together, they formed the main body of "Chu people in Shu". After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, this group of "Shu people and Chu people" was ashamed to talk about Daxia again in order to adapt to the need of the new regime to get rid of the "false name", so they changed the year when they moved in at the end of Yuan Dynasty or Daxia period to "Hongwu two years". It can be seen that the "two years of Hongwu" in Sichuan is actually a cultural symbol attached to "Shu people and Chu people" under the background of regime change in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Following the phenomenon of "Chu moving to Sichuan" in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, another large-scale and far-reaching migration movement of "Huguang filling Sichuan" occurred in Sichuan in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. In order to distinguish the identity of immigrants in different times, some people use "Hongwu two years" as a symbol to divide immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty. Compared with the new immigrants in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Sichuan society since the early Qing Dynasty has both immigrants in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and immigrants in the Ming Dynasty marked by the second year of Hongwu. Together, they formed the local "aborigines" and "commonly known as locals". Because this division conforms to the historical reality of Sichuan and is a true portrayal of the composition of population sources in Sichuan in the historical period, this understanding has gradually accumulated into the collective memory of Sichuan people. In the Republic of China, a new round of compilation of Sichuan local chronicles and genealogy came, and "Hongwu two years" became a symbol referring to the early Ming Dynasty and was preserved in local folk literature. (4) Huang Yong's arrangement (this article is edited and arranged according to the final result of the national social science fund project "Regional Cultural Integration and the Construction of Spiritual Home-Historical Interpretation and Identity Construction of the Phenomenon of Xiaogan Township in Macheng"-The Great Immigrants: Memory of Hometown in Huguang, Sichuan and other places written by Chen et al.).