What is great unification?

Dà y and Tǒ n ɡ

1. Biography of the Ram. Hidden Year: "What about the first month of Wang? Great unification is also. " Xu Yanshu: "The king was ordered to make the first month to unify the world, so that everything started with it, so it was said to be unified." The Biography of Hanshu Wang Ji: "The Spring and Autumn Annals are so unified that Liuhe shares the same wind and Kyushu * * * runs through it." Big, attach importance to and respect; Unification means that all the governors in the world are tied to the Zhou Emperor. Later generations claimed that the feudal dynasty ruled the whole country as a unified whole.

is really not an easy entry to explain.

just like "Tao" in "Tao can be Tao, but it is extraordinary".

Great unification is a concept with infinite centripetal force.

Great unification is a kind of boldness of vision, a kind of boldness of vision to actively explore and make progress.

unification is a kind of mind, an eclectic mind.

Great reunification brings our nation from dispersion to cohesion.

Even after many disasters, we still have the outline of our motherland in our hearts.

China's unified kings are:

1. Qin Dynasty

2. Western Han Dynasty 3. Eastern Han Dynasty 4. Western Jin Dynasty 5. Sui Dynasty

6. Tang Dynasty 7. Yuan Dynasty 8. Ming Dynasty 9. Qing Dynasty

The world's unified empire/ Countries are:

1. Ancient Egypt

2. Ancient Greece 3. Alexander Empire

4. Ancient Roman Empire 5. Byzantine Empire

6. Arab Empire (mid-8th century)

7. Silla (which unified most of the Korean Peninsula in 676)

8. Mongolian Empire (including four khanates) Once the largest empire in the world)

9. Ottoman Turkish Empire (15th century)

1. Spanish Empire (16th century)

11. French Empire 12. British Empire (with a native land of 3, square kilometers and 33 million colonies, it is called the empire that never sets)

13. Russian Empire /15. Soviet Union. Any existing phenomenon must have its own reasons (whether it is reasonable or not depends on people's respective interests).

1. The Central Plains of China is located in the east of Eurasia, where there is sea in the east, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and desert in the west, Siberian alpine region in the north, South China Sea and tropical high temperature region in the south, so the Central Plains naturally becomes the geographical center of eastern Asia. At the same time, people living in the Central Plains have been able to create leading civilizations and cultures for thousands of years, and thinkers, scientists, inventors and politicians have emerged one after another, thus further forming cultural centers, economic centers, scientific and technological centers and political centers, and generating strong attraction and centripetal force for surrounding areas.

2. The ethnic groups with Yandi and Huangdi as the main bodies have implemented the marriage opening very early, which is conducive to ethnic integration. China's famous folk story, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, records the story of the marriage between Yandi and Huangdi. For details, please refer to the author's article "Cowherd and Weaver Girl Looking Across the River, Love War between Yan and Huang for Seven Thousand Years".

3. From Fuxi's divination, Cangjie's creation of characters, to Qin Shihuang's writing of the same text, China people always use hieroglyphic symbol system (to be precise, orthographic characters), which has a very stable information transmission performance (words thousands of years ago are easy to recognize), and can communicate information beyond phonetics, and greatly promote the recognition between different regions and different nationalities. In contrast, in Europe, which is about the same size as China, because of the use of pinyin characters, different languages and characters in different countries are different, so it is difficult to have a sense of identity, and it has still failed to complete the cause of reunification.

4. China people have a strong complex of ancestor worship and ancestor recognition, and ancient memories can be traced back to the same ancestor, so this complex is particularly beneficial to national identity and national identity among all ethnic groups in various regions.

5. China people have a worship or preference for "China". The word "zhong" means, middle, inside, half, medium and moderate; Central (the central word means middle, exhausted, pleading), the center; Mean; Yes (listening and using); Ancient vessels; Tongzhong; Last name. The Central Plains lies between 3 and 4 degrees north latitude, and one of the most obvious astronomical phenomena that can be seen here is the rotation of the Big Dipper around the pole (the North Star is in the sky, and the totem star of the Yellow Emperor is the Big Dipper, and the bucket is the emperor's car). The enlightenment of this astronomical phenomenon to ancient China people is to establish a social structure with four sides around the center on the earth. According to legend, the first thing after King Wu's victory was to re-determine the location in the world, and finally Luoyang, where the Yellow River meets Luoshui, was chosen as Middle-earth. This choice may be based on actual measurement, because the distance between Luoyang and the coast of the East China Sea and the edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is roughly equal, and the distance between Luoyang and the Yanshan Mountains and the Yangtze River is also roughly equal.

interestingly, the structure of Hetu and Luoshu is also a relationship between the center and the four sides, including the four sides and the center, and the eight sides and the center. In a word, ancient China paid special attention to Middle-earth, Central Plains, Zhongzhou, Central Plains and the four barbarians (Dongyi, Nanman, Xirong and Beidi), as well as the four seas, Kyushu, Shenzhou and the world.

6. China people have long had the philosophy and political ambition of unification, such as Confucius' advocacy of harmony but difference, and the ideals of self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country and leveling the world.

7. China people do not have the religious barriers that exist in other countries and regions.

8. The ancient rulers of China attached importance to the unity of characters and the unity of weights and measures. According to legend, as early as before Qin Shihuang, the work of unifying characters was carried out in the era of Huangdi, and the work of the same weights and measures was carried out in the era of Emperor Shun.

9. Since ancient times, people in China have attached importance to commodity trading, traffic construction and post station construction. The Book of Songs has poems praising the flatness and straightness of the national roads in the Zhou Dynasty. The national roads in the Qin Dynasty extended in all directions, and fruit trees were planted on both sides of the national roads in the Tang Xuanzong period. Moreover, the ancients also had the custom of offering sacrifices to road gods. The Book of Rites in Song Dynasty quoted Cui Shi's Four People's Moon Order: "Ancestors are also Taoist gods. The son of the Yellow Emperor said that he was tired of his ancestors, traveled far and died on the road, so he worshipped the Tao God for the blessing of the road. "

1. The ancient rulers of China have long adopted the policy of "appeasing distant countries, assimilating aliens and absorbing aliens", which is conducive to the formation of a unified country and greater China cultural circle.

context of great unification:

China's thought of great unification has a long history. The ideal emperor in Confucius' mind should have the authority to unify the whole country. The so-called "ritual levy and music cut from the son of heaven". Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism and other schools of thought are all hidden in a unified figure. Laozi advocates "one" as the foundation, "Tao gives birth to one, life to two, life to three, and life to all things" (Chapter 42 of Laozi). From then on, the great unification had an ontology.

The official proposal of "great unification" is "Biography of the Ram: The Year of Hidden AD": "No matter what the first month of Wang, great unification is also possible." Yan Shigu, a native of the Tang Dynasty, said: "The unification of all things belongs to one ... This statement is that princes are all systematic and cannot be self-specialized." Shu said: "The king was ordered to make the first month of the month to unify the world, so that all things were regarded as the beginning, so the words were unified." Li Si even made it clear: "Destroy the princes, become emperors, and unify the world." In the biography of Han Wang Ji, it is said: "The Spring and Autumn Period is so unified, and Liuhe is in the same wind, and Kyushu is also * * *." The original meaning of unification is to eliminate opponents and rule the world by the emperor alone.

One of the important reasons why the Great Unification remains unchanged in China is that many people in China have always loved and respected the Great Unification since ancient times. Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty praised: "The Emperor of Qin swept Liuhe, and he looked at it!" Li Zhi of the Ming Dynasty honored the first emperor as "an emperor through the ages" in Collection of Books. Many ideas derived from the logic of great unification make great unification take root in the hearts of China people. China people have formed a spiritual dependence on unification. For example, the long-term oppression of the great unification makes China people pursue a sense of security while losing their courage to resist, and they are also afraid of the uncertainties brought about by diversity, so they are used to treating the great unification of a stagnant pool as a stable order. People always regard the freedom of others as a threat to themselves, and regard legitimate political demands as a challenge to power.

China's long-term political unification stifled internal competition and blocked external competition. In order to prevent their unification from being challenged by foreign "heresy", the rulers closed their doors for a long time, imprisoned the spread of foreign ideas, and regarded the ideas and systems from the West as heresy. In the vibrant Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period before the reunification, the situation of mutual competition among vassal states greatly stimulated the creativity of individuals and society, and Chinese culture also laid the foundation stone in that era. Competition gives everyone, every value, a chance to play. Competition in all aspects is the basic motivation for the progress of human society. What the great unification fears most is these competitions, especially the open competition in the political field.

advocates of the great unification often defend the tyranny of the great unification by pursuing the unification of territory. However, does the great unification only pursue the unity in the sense of territory? Successive rulers have spent far more effort on unifying their thoughts than on unifying their territory. Take the government of the late Qing Dynasty as an example, it can cede territory when necessary, but it will never give up the muzzle of speech. There is almost no necessary connection between unification and national unity. Unity appears in every country, but it does not exist in every country. Great unification in history can't make China avoid division. There was unity before Qin Shihuang, and after the unification of China, there were countless divisions. Such division is often aggravated by tyranny under the unified system.

Great unification is the opposite of full freedom and autonomy; The process of realizing reunification is the process of deprivation of freedom. With the realization of "unification", the social prison will be completed, and everyone's body, mind and conscience will be hijacked and imprisoned. The most terrible thing in the unification is to unify people's souls with violence. In the eyes of many people in China, unification is a symbol of the country's strength. Few people realize that the unification we are accustomed to is the most important reason for the Chinese nation's suffering history of more than 2, years. For China's backwardness, the great unification is "a great achievement".

It should be pointed out that unification is not the only political tradition in China. Before the Qin Dynasty achieved great unification. The land of China is a polycentric political order. "Historical Records of Emperor Wudi" records: "Yu received the gold of nine shepherds and cast Jiuding, like Kyushu." For a long time, it can be said that Kyushu stood upright and all directions merged, presenting a scene of Shun Yao and Zhou Gong who competed with each other and encouraged each other. During the Tang-Wu Revolution, the main force of the revolution was the governors. Even in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there were still many countries, each with its own management power and its own "center" (capital). The history of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is a prosperous period in China's history. During the same period, except for the struggle among countries, the internal affairs of vassal countries were clear and there were few tyrants. The more centralized power, the greater the possibility of a tyrant; The wider the spread of unification, the more victims it will have. It can be said that "great unification" has never been the consciousness of ordinary people in China, but a political concept imposed on China people. History will eventually prove that reunification is only a long and dark episode in the historical process of Chinese civilization.

compared with China's long unified monist order, western civilization took another road that was contrary to the unified system. Different from China, some people have been trying to unify Europe since the Roman Empire, but every time some European countries unite to oppose this ambitious attempt and frustrate any attempt to unify the whole country. Even though war maniacs like Napoleon and Hitler repeatedly dreamed of unifying Europe, they almost succeeded, but all ended in fiasco. The real reason why Europe is developed is that there is no unification, there is competition between countries and there is competition between governments. The history of Europe can be said to be the history from the city-state to the multinational confederation. Thirteen States in North America took a federalist road between the unification of China and the coexistence of European heroes after independence, which resulted in the United States today.

The overall integration of the European Union today is by no means a return to China's unification of the six countries. The union of Europe is not a product of military conquest, but a peaceful and voluntary union based on the Covenant. The purpose of this union is not to establish a central giant that is absolutely superior to the member States and maintained by force, let alone a "tiger-wolf policy" that kills the people. Imagine, if Europe was unified by a European "Qin State" by force, and North America has been ruled by a unified regime like Qin, which has been maintained by force to this day, and China still coexists like Europe, or unites as one country like the United States, then what kind of pattern is today's world?

"the unification of globalization":

In recent years, globalization is becoming a hot topic in academic circles at home and abroad, among which the discussion on the economic and cultural implications of globalization is particularly enthusiastic. Some people think that globalization is the free transmission of information in the world to overcome space barriers, the free flow and allocation of resources in the global scope, and an economic operation process that operates uniformly in the international scope, regardless of capital flow, labor flow, information transmission, raw material and energy supply, management and organization implementation, etc. Some people think that globalization is the promotion and expansion of capitalist mode of production and market economy all over the world, and the expansion and spread of modern civilization from western society to the whole world; Some people think that globalization is a process of gradual integration of politics, economy and culture on a global scale. People pay more attention to the economic or cultural aspects of globalization than to the political paradigm behind it. Economic globalization is the main driving force to promote social, political and economic transformation, and is promoting the reorganization of modern society and world order.

since the end of the cold war, due to the political, economic, technological and other factors, the process of globalization has begun to accelerate. The process of globalization is also a process of profound political transformation. In the process of globalization, the relationship between countries has been adjusted. The latest wave of political globalization began with the breaking of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the end of the Cold War and the disappearance of the Iron Curtain. Why didn't globalization begin until after the end of the cold war? Because after the end of the cold war, no country has the ability to achieve world reunification by force.

The fundamental difference between today's globalization and the previous "world empire" schemes lies in its peaceful character. China was forced into the glory circle of Greater East Asia, but it is entirely voluntary to join the current globalization process. Before the advent of the era of globalization, the dominant way for human beings to expand political order was unification. Especially in China, since the Qin Dynasty conquered the Central Plains, the way of establishing and expanding political order has not changed at all. In the west, the military government and the subsequent centralized rule have always been the main methods to establish, maintain and expand political order. In the west, the Treaty of Westphalia provides legitimacy for the emergence of a centralized and absolutely sovereign nation-state. The two world wars in the last century originated from some countries trying to conquer other countries by violence to establish a unified world empire. Japan tried to piece together the "East Asia Glory Circle" by force,