Difficulties faced by Japanese survivors returning home

The Japanese government divides the Japanese remnants into two categories: those who currently hold Japanese nationality but came to and settled in mainland China before September 2, 1945; People who previously held Japanese nationality, or whose parents came to mainland China before September 2, 1945, were born and settled in mainland China, and still hold Japanese nationality today, are all "remaining Japanese with Japanese nationality." People who had Japanese nationality before September 2, 1945, now have Chinese nationality, and came to and settled in mainland China before September 2, 1945; or whose parents came to China before September 2, 1945 Mainland China, I was born, raised and settled in Mainland China. Those who now have Chinese nationality are "remaining Japanese with Chinese nationality".

In 1950, the Japanese government counted 26,492 people stranded in Northeast China. As of 1958, there were still 22,187 people. In 1959, the Japanese government promulgated the "Law on Special Measures for Unreturners" (Enforcement Order of the Law on Special Measures for Unreturners), which declared unreturned persons who had no news in China as wartime deaths and paid 30,000 yen to their families. He must pay consolation money and cancel his household registration.

The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan formulated an "identity guarantor system" for Japanese overseas Chinese in March 1985, which stipulates that Japanese overseas Chinese must obtain the consent of their Japanese relatives before they can stay in Japan. Residence. However, due to various reasons, many people refuse to be "identity guarantors". In 1989, the Japanese Parliament passed the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act, which restricted the ability of only the legitimate children with blood ties to the Japanese to obtain nationality when the Japanese survivors returned to the country. Step-sons were excluded. Because ten remaining Japanese women who did not meet the regulations were detained at Japanese airports after returning home, they aroused the attention and dissatisfaction of the Japanese people. Due to domestic pressure, in 1995 the Japanese government implemented the "Law on Assistance to Remaining Chinese Nationals", under which the state will be responsible for the return of Japanese remnants of China. According to information provided by Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, from Showa 47 to Heisei 7 (1972-1995), there were 2,171 remaining orphans who settled in Japan, and the number of orphans who brought their spouses and children reached 7,801.

In order to stabilize immigration, the Imperial Japanese Government sent girls from all over Japan to the Northeast one after another after short training. The women among them also include the wives and daughters of Japanese pioneers, female students sent to Northeast China from Japan, and mainland brides. Since most of their husbands and relatives died in the war, most of the women later joined local families in order to survive and made the Northeast their home. Later, some of them returned to their home countries. After the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare will define Japanese people under the age of thirteen who were adopted by the Chinese during the retreat and repatriation of Japanese troops from mainland China at the end of World War II as orphans and treat them as orphans. Japanese nationality and assistance are issued to return to the country, and Japanese women over the age of 13 who want to survive or voluntarily join a family in Northeast China are deemed to have stayed in Northeast China according to their own wishes. Therefore, they are unable to obtain the above treatment and are considered "residuals". women". In 1993, this differential policy was abolished, and orphans and remaining women were both considered as recipients of assistance for returning home.