The only female general in ancient times recorded in official history: Qin Liangyu

For a long time, there are many stories about ancient women, such as Mulan, Princess Pingyang, Fan Lihua, Lady Yangmen and Liang Hongyu. But these people are either characters in folk songs, characters in romance novels or unofficial generals. In the history of China for thousands of years, the only female general officially listed in the national compilation is actually Qin Liangyu, a female general holding a military emblem when the Ming emperor praised Yuanyang sleeve in poetry. Say: Liangyu is brave, intelligent, good at riding and shooting, vulgar and elegant. In addition, under strict control, Wu Rong was in awe of every marching order. White soldiers are afraid of distance. She is the only female general in the history of Qin Liangyu who was listed in the biographies of generals from 0755 to 79000, filling the historical gap that there were no women in the biographies of official history for a long time. In the first year of Ming Shenzong, Qin Liangyu, a Miao woman, was born in Mingxi, a suburb of Letian Town in the west of Zhongzhou, Sichuan. Her father Qin Gui is a master of poetry and calligraphy. He has three sons and one daughter, and Liangyu is the third. She has two brothers, Qin Bangping and Qin, and a younger brother, Qin Minping. His father taught Qin Liangyu poetry, calligraphy and painting, and he never forgot the Miao tradition. From an early age, he trained her to dance guns, hold sticks, ride horses and shoot arrows. When Qin Liangyu was young, he had the ambition to defend his country and his talent was outstanding. His writing style is elegant and his swordsmanship is full of charm. His old father, Qin Gui, once lamented: Your brothers and sisters are far behind you. It's a pity that you are a woman, otherwise, you will win the championship in the future. Qin Liangyu replied angrily, "Your son can't cope with a soldier, a city lady and a female soldier. Qin Liangyu is a beautiful woman, so she has a very high eye for choosing a spouse. At that time, Cao Gao, a dude in Zhongzhou, secretly loved Qin Liangyu, which was flatly rejected by Qin. Later, Cao Gao harmed her and fought against taxes with the support of Qin Liangyu and the United States. After he was released from prison, Qin Liangyu got married at home, and Cao Gao also applied. Naturally, he is no match. In this courtship, Qin Liangyu chose Ma Qiancheng, the comforter of Shizhu. The former became an aristocratic family, and the ancestor was Ma Yuan, the general of Fu Bo, who was buried by Ma Ge in the Han Dynasty. In the twentieth year of Wanli, Qin Liangyu, who had just turned twenty, married Ma Qiancheng. Shizhu also belongs to Zhongzhou, far away from Qin Liangyu's family. It is a county dominated by Miao people. The imperial court set up Fu Xuan envoys to manage these Miao people who surrendered to Daming. The most important duty of a commander is to train the army and maintain stability. Qin Liangyu's resourcefulness came in handy here. A few years later, she helped her husband to train a brave white-armed soldier. Shortly after their marriage, Qin Liangyu gave birth to a son named Ma Xianglin. The so-called white armed soldiers are mainly white spears. This white-armed spear is a weapon made by Qin Liangyu according to the local topographical features. It is made of solid white wood, with a hook with a blade at the top and a hard iron ring at the bottom. In combat, hooks can be cut or pulled, and rings can be used as hammer weapons. When necessary, dozens of spears are hooked together and can be used as tools for climbing mountains and walls. The cliff can be climbed instantly, which is very suitable. Ma Cheng's thousands of white-pole soldiers are extremely brave and powerful, ensuring the safety of each stone pillar. In twenty-six years, Yang Yinglong, the prefect of Bozhou, colluded with nine local tribes to expose their rebellion. They rob, burn, rob, and do all kinds of evil. When the imperial court knew about it, it sent Li Hualong, governor of Sichuan, Guizhou and Huguang, to unite to suppress the rebellion. Ma Qiancheng and Qin Liangyu led 3000 white soldiers among them. Due to special equipment and long-term strict mountain training, white armed soldiers are very handy in the war in Bozhou, often giving the rebels a surprise blow and winning every battle. In desperation, the insurgents mobilized all their strength to stick to Bozhou City, and set up five checkpoints outside the city, namely Dengkan, Sang Mu, Wujiang, Du He and Loushanguan. Every checkpoint is guarded by an excellent soldier, and Yang Yinglong wants to fight back accordingly.

As she approached, after a fierce killing, she suddenly jumped on her horse. Before the people around her could see clearly, she had caught Yang Chaodong riding a horse, waving a spear in her right hand and firmly controlling all the princelings' children in her left hand. When all the enemy soldiers saw that the leader was caught, they immediately lost their footing. Qin Liangyu white pole soldiers took advantage of the situation and killed 5,000 enemies. They escaped and were wiped out. Li Hualong, governor of Daming, was surprised by Qin Liangyu's heroic behavior. He ordered the 26-year-old Qin Liangyu to be awarded a silver medal, and wrote her husband's four characters in a girls' high school as a recognition. After the fall of Deng Kan, the army pursued Kou while the iron was hot, and successively won Sang Mu, Wujiang and Sanguan, reaching Loushanguan on the periphery of Bozhou. Loushanguan is a natural barrier outside Bozhou. The mountain is steep, and there is only one path through the pass. It can be said that one person's land is above ten thousand people. Loushanguan, because the road is narrow, many soldiers and horses can't get through, so they should only be wise. It is unwise for it to storm. Qin Liangyu made a clever plan for her husband. Early in the morning, Qin Liangyu and her husband, Ma Qiancheng, tandem, attacked the pass along the right. Only two spears flew up and down, and the enemy soldiers who blocked the pass fell one by one, and then the reinforcements on the road could not surge. When Qin Liangyu and his wife fought side by side, the enemy soldiers gathered more and more, and thousands of white-pole troops suddenly surrounded from both sides of the pass. The enemy was caught off guard and fled everywhere. After the capture of Loushanguan, the rebels lost their amulets, and the bandit troops seized Bozhou, the rebel stronghold. The Yang Yinglong family set themselves on fire and died, and the long-term rebellion finally subsided. After the rebellion, Shizhu Baiganbing made outstanding achievements and was listed as the first meritorious army in southern Sichuan. Qin Liangyu made great contributions to the war for the first time. In addition to being rewarded, the reputation of the female general spread far and wide, and everyone who heard it was in awe. In the forty-first year of Wanli, Qin Liangyu's husband Ma Qiancheng died in prison. It is recorded that the people of Shizhu sued Ma Qiancheng, who was arrested by the Ming court in Yunyang prison and died soon. But the real cause of his death was actually Qiu Chengyun, a tax eunuch sent by Emperor Wanli of Beijing, who demanded bribes from the stone pillars. Ma Qiancheng thought he had made meritorious service in court and refused. This angered Gao Gonggong, who ordered his men to fabricate charges, arrested Ma Qiancheng and tortured him to death at the age of 4 1. After Qian Cheng died in prison, the imperial court still kept the family history of Shi's hereditary office. At this time, the family of Ma Xianglin, the successor of Ma, was still young. Qin Liangyu was appointed to take over her husband's office because of his outstanding military exploits. Qin Liangyu turned grief into strength, resolutely took over the burden left by her husband, completed her husband's unfinished business, continued to train white armed soldiers, managed stone men, and worked conscientiously and dutifully. At the end of Wanli period in Ming Shenzong, Manchu people rose up between Baishan and Heishui in the northeast, thinking that they were sweating like a pig, establishing the post-Jin Dynasty and openly rebelling against the Ming Dynasty. Ming Shenzong mobilized 80,000 troops to meet the enemy, but it didn't go well from the beginning. Eighty thousand troops were almost wiped out. The situation in Liaodong is critical, which directly threatens the safety of Beijing, the capital of Daming. The imperial court urgently dispatched military forces from all over the country to help. 46-year-old Qin Liangyu still personally led 3,000 White Army soldiers, fighting day and night with his brother, brother and son in northern Bian Wei to serve the country. In the forty-eight years of Wanli, Qin Liangyu's white armed soldiers fought several hard battles with the late Jin army, which greatly dampened the spirit of the latter Jin army. At this time, Ming Shenzong died and Emperor Guangzong succeeded to the throne. Emperor Guangzong died after only one month in office, and Emperor Jiazong ascended the throne. In the past few months, Mintingche

On one occasion, Qin Liangyu's son Ma Xianglin was shot in the eye by the enemy. He was wounded by an arrow while patrolling the customs. He reluctantly pulled out the arrow cluster, took the arrow with a bow, and shot at the distant enemy, shooting three arrows in succession, killing three enemies. The late generals were too scared to come to Shanhaiguan again easily. In a short time, Qin Liangyu suffered the injury of his brother and son, and was heartbroken. So he wrote to the emperor, stating the fighting and casualties of his army. Deeply moved, Ming Jiazong gave Qin Liangyu the second official uniform, made her the wife of the imperial edict, appointed his son Ma Xianglin as the commander-in-chief, posthumously appointed Qin Bangping as the commander-in-chief, granted Min Ping as the chief financial officer, and rewarded all soldiers with white posts. Shanhaiguan war temporarily subsided, and Qin Liangyu returned to Shizhu. When I came back, I was on my way to Yongning, the special envoy of Fu Xuan, the extravagant Chongming Uprising in 1990s. Luxury Chongming party member Fan Long occupied Chongqing. I heard that Qin Liangyu was out of the stone pillar, so I immediately sent someone to contact her with gold and silver gifts and invited her to send troops together. Qin Liangyu was furious, beheaded immediately, quickly sent his troops back to Jiangxi, and rushed to Chongqing, only to be defeated by the American troops in Panlong and occupied Chongqing. Then, she led the army to Chengdu and wiped out the rebels completely. Hearing the news, the court granted Qin Liangyu the position of commander in chief and appointed her as the company commander of Shizhu. When the siege of Chengdu was lifted and Qin Liangyu rode into the city, the citizens of Chengdu poured into the streets to help the elderly and bring up the young, vying for the favor of a female general. At this point, Qin Liangyu has more than 50 years old. Decades of military career, instead of urging her to get old, has tempered her more and more. I saw her riding a peach blossom horse with rosy cheeks, bright eyes, tall and straight posture and great momentum. Chengdu people regard her as a god, burning incense and bowing down on the road she walked, expressing their infinite respect for this female savior. A few years later, something happened in Shuixi, Guizhou. There was a gang leader named Anbang Yan, who established himself as the king of Luodian, recruited soldiers and quickly occupied the land thousands of miles west of Guiyang. In addition, the court ordered Qin Liangyu to lead the white armed soldiers to quell the chaos in Guizhou, and Qin Liangyu was highly effective, and soon Anbang Yan Group fell into a gang. However, in this war, Qin Liangyu's younger brother Qin Minping died, and Qin Liangyu once again suffered the pain of losing his loved ones. Tomorrow, in the seventh year, Ming Taizu Xi will die, and Ming Taizu Xi's younger brother Zhu Youjian will inherit the throne, known as Emperor Chongzhen in history. At this point, the post-Jin Dynasty changed its title to Qing Dynasty. Under the guidance of the Mongols, the soldiers of the Qing army crossed the Great Wall from Longjingguan and headed for Tongzhou. The situation in the capital is very urgent. The Ming court once again sent a letter to all the armies in the world. After receiving the imperial edict, Qin Liangyu led her white armed soldiers to the capital day and night, and took out all the property as a salary to make up for the shortage of military supplies caused by years of war in the imperial court. Meet the brave in the narrow road and win. Qin Liangyu's white-armed soldiers met the Qing army outside the capital, and before they could camp, they began to attack with all their might. Qin Liangyu, 55, is dancing with a white spear in his hand, as if snow were dancing and pear blossoms were floating. Where the blade passed, the Qing soldiers either landed on their heads or were separated. The white guards of all walks of life went down the mountain like tigers, unstoppable, and the Qing soldiers fled in defeat. Soon, Qin Liangyu successively recovered Luozhou and Yongping and rescued the siege of Beijing. After the siege of Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen was filled with emotion. He specially summoned Qin Liangyu on the platform in Beijing, praised her beauty, rewarded the sheep wine with colorful coins, named the first lady, named Shao Bao, and hung the town of general print. He wrote four poems to highlight his achievements: first, learn from the gossip of Xichuan and hold the military symbol in the sleeve of Yuanyang. Women are willing to accept it. Why does the general want to be a husband? second

Qin Liangyu is not only good at leading troops to fight, but also attaches great importance to munitions production. At present, there are more than a dozen cotton hutongs near Sichuan Ying Hutong in Beijing, which are divided into headlines, upper two and lower two. This also has something to do with Qin Liangyu. When she was in Beijing, she used to let her subordinates spin cotton fabrics with women, so some hutongs nearby were called cotton hutongs by later generations. Someone once wrote a poem Shi Ming? Qin Liangyu preached, chanted scriptures, passed on the third generation generals and embroidered flags, and won the appreciation of Chuanying. At this point, the autumn rain and autumn night are faintly mixed with the sound of rotation. Later, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang, the leader of the rebel army, entered Sichuan, burning, killing and looting. Qin Liangyu, who is over 60 years old, is once again dressed in battle, and his style is undiminished. She led the White Guards who won Lien Chan's victory, lifted the siege of Taiping, took Luo Ru to Wushan, and rebelled Shuai Dongshan Tiger to Tan Jiaping, which made Meijun Zhang suffer a lot in Sichuan. However, due to repeated military disasters in Sichuan, the state treasury was empty, and the lost troops and rations could not be replenished; The rebel army was strong and flooded into Sichuan and Sichuan, but the officers and men could not win the whole battle. Qin had to surrender to the stone pillar. Facing the helpless war situation, Qin, who is brave and good at fighting, can only lament that the building will collapse. By this time, Beijing had been breached by the rebel army led by Ming Sizong, and hanged himself in Jingshan Park, and the Ming Dynasty finally came to an end in the stormy. When Li Zicheng entered Beijing, Zhang wanted to firmly control Sichuan and take Sichuan as his base. Wherever Zhang Tieti went, the scope of the Western Expedition covered almost the whole of Shu, but he could do nothing about it. Qin Liangyu, 68, and her battle-hardened white soldiers fought to the death without fear of violence. At this moment, Master Shi is helpless, just like a boat in the sea of Wang Yang, which is in danger of being swallowed up at any time. Qin Liangyu said to his people: My brothers all died under the king's hand. As a wife, I have been grateful to my country for twenty years. Now, unfortunately, I dare to use my remaining years to resist! And ordered: those who follow thieves are unforgivable! She took her time and divided her forces to guard the four corners. Zhang and the Shu will successfully surrender, but no one dares to go to the stone pillar. Until the fall of Zhang, his rebels failed to step into the stone pillar. In the fifth year of Qing Dynasty, after Duanyang Festival, 75-year-old Qin Liangyu had just stepped off the Peach Blossom Horse after reviewing the white pole soldiers, and he bent down and died, and then spent his legendary life with brilliant exploits. Shizai, there was a long-term war in Sichuan at that time, and there were only tens of thousands of people in eastern Sichuan. The newly established Qing court finally had to immigrate to Huguang on a large scale. However, under the protection of Qin Liangyu, Shizhu became the only paradise in eastern Chongqing far from the war. People from nearby Fengdu, Zhongxian, Liangping and Wanzhou took refuge in Shizhu. By the end of the war in the early Qing Dynasty, the population of Shizhu had not decreased, but increased by nearly 65,438+10,000, which was a natural contrast with the remaining population in the whole eastern Sichuan. Therefore, Guo Moruo, a literary giant, once wrote poems praising Qin Liangyu as a magnificent stone pillar woman. According to the determination of clothes and other relics left by Qin Liangyu by relevant departments in Chongqing, his height is about1.86m.. Later generations wrote countless poems praising the legendary heroine, and the most touching poem praising Qin Liangyu came from the heroine Qiu Jin in the late Qing Dynasty. They are all women's daughters, cherishing each other with heroes. There is a certain flavor in the poem: First, ancient and modern times strive for a female head, who said that beauty does not seal Hou. The daughters of Ma historian Shen once had a reputation of shaking Kyushu. Second, only when the general is in charge of Gankun Tusi can he adjust his attitude. Peach Blossom Horse with Knife, a veritable female teacher. Third, don, I don't value men and women.