What does it mean to feel the dawn coming out of the fence gate to welcome the coolness on an autumn night?

At dawn on an autumn night, I feel the coolness as I step out of the fence gate

The river east of 30,000 miles flows into the sea, and the 5,000-meter-high mountains reach the sky.

The remaining people shed tears in the dust and looked south to the king's division for another year.

Notes

The meaning of the poem title: On an autumn night, when it was almost dawn, I walked out of the fence gate, and suddenly a cool breeze blew from the opposite side, which made me feel sad, so I wrote this poem.

(1)Jiangxiao: The sky is about to dawn.

(2) Fence gate: a gate made of bamboo slices or bamboo poles.

(3) Thirty thousand miles: length, describing its length, is an imaginary finger. River: refers to the Yellow River.

(4) "Five thousand ren" describes its height. Ren: An ancient unit for calculating length, eight feet is one Ren (one is seven feet).

(5) Yue: refers to Mount Huashan in Xiyue. Yue: refers to the Tai, Heng, Song, and Hua mountains in the north. One theory refers to Mount Tai in the east and Mount Hua in the west.

(6) Ferris wheel: touching the sky. Mo: Friction, contact.

(7) Survivors: refers to the people living in the Jin-occupied areas but identifying with the rule of the Southern Song Dynasty.

(8) Tears run out: The tears have dried up, which is described as very miserable and painful.

(9) Hu Dust: refers to the dust raised by the iron hoofs of the Hu cavalry, and refers to the tyranny of the Jin Dynasty. Hu: A general term for northern ethnic minorities in ancient China.

(10) Looking south: Looking far south.

(11) Wang Shi: Refers to the army of the Song Dynasty.

Translation

Thirty thousand miles of the Yellow River flows eastward into the sea,

The Five Thousand Renhua Mountain reaches the blue sky.

The remaining people under the iron heel want to cry but have no tears.

Looking forward to the army to regain the lost land for another year.

Thoughts and Feelings

This poem expresses the author’s thoughts and feelings of patriotism and concern for the country and the people.

Historical background

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers occupied the Central Plains area. When the poet wrote this poem, the Central Plains region had fallen to the hands of the Jin people for more than sixty years. At this time, the patriotic poet Lu You was dismissed and returned to his hometown. In the countryside of Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), he longed for the great rivers and mountains of the Central Plains. He also missed the people in the Central Plains and hoped that the Song Dynasty could regain the Central Plains and achieve unification as soon as possible.

Appreciation

Lu You was a patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Facing the era of drastic changes when the motherland was divided, he had early ambitions to serve the country. He joined the army in the southwest in his middle age. The magnificent real world and the passionate battlefield life made him The realm of poetry has been greatly broadened. Just as he recalled in "Shi Zi Dun", "I started to realize something in my middle age, and gradually wanted to see the grandeur"; as he said in "Reading Poetry Manuscripts on the Night of September 1st and Composing Songs with Impressions", "The poet suddenly saw Samadhi, and Qu Jia was there. Eyes are on the Yuan calendar; heaven’s secrets and cloud brocade are used by me, and the beauty of tailoring is not a knife or ruler.” Naturally, those who play with half-swallowing and half-voting skills can't see the majestic rainbow and the magnificent clouds. In his later years, he retreated to Shanyin, but his ambition never faded, and he often fell into dreams. "The old man is in trouble, and his ambition is thousands of miles." He was infinitely indignant at the loss of the Central Plains, infinitely concerned about the fate of the people, and infinitely worried about the Southern Song Dynasty's ruling group's attempt to maintain peace and harm the country. The hatred is poured out freely in this four-sentence poem.

"River" refers to the Yellow River, the mother that nurtures the Chinese nation; "Yue" refers to the peaks and pillars of Mount Tai in the East, Mount Song in the Zhongyue, and Mount Huashan in the West. Towering mountains connect to Qingming; surging rivers rush into the sea. With two sentences, one horizontal and one vertical, half of China in the northern Central Plains is displayed in front of us in a clear, abrupt and boundless way. The majestic mountains and rivers symbolize the loveliness of the motherland and the people's perseverance, which have given readers rich associations. However, such mountains and rivers, and such people, have long been ravaged by the iron hoofs of the aristocrats of the Jin Dynasty. With the next two sentences, I suddenly felt that the storm was rising, and the poetic realm expanded in a more profound direction. The word "tears are gone" has been used thousands of times to fully express the heavy oppression suffered by the vast number of people in the Central Plains, the long process of torture, and the perseverance and urgency to restore their faith. Year after year they looked forward to the Southern Song Dynasty being able to launch the Northern Expedition, but year after year this wish came to nothing. Of course, they kept looking forward to it. The people's patriotic enthusiasm is like a dancing flame suppressed in the ground, getting stronger and stronger over time; while the ruling group of the Southern Song Dynasty was drunkenly dreaming and dying by the West Lake, leaving behind the great rivers and mountains, the hatred of the country and the hatred of the family. It can be said that they have been dead for a long time. What a shame! Although the latter meaning is not explicitly stated in the poem, the strong critical spirit is clearly visible.

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