Cantonese speakers are also * * *. Why is Cantonese so different from Mandarin?

First of all, you have to figure out what Mandarin is. Mandarin English is called Mandarin, which literally means what Manchu adults said. The Manchu people who speak Tungusic are the best in the world. At that time, they tried to speak Chinese (definitely not the current pronunciation of Mandarin), but they learned another kind of Mandarin from the background of Tungusic (probably the Mandarin around Nanjing) and became the current pronunciation of Mandarin. Mainly popular in Beijing and Zhili area. The dialect of real old Beijing is very different from Mandarin. Western missionaries must have discovered this problem long ago. Since it is defined as Manchu, it means that other China people they met at that time didn't speak like that.

Mandarin has four and a half tones, Cantonese has six tones and Minnan dialect has eight tones. Cantonese and Minnan have the classification of promoting tone, but Mandarin has little. Actually, I don't know what a promotional voice is. However, for example, we can see that Chow Yun Fat's Cantonese pinyin spelling is Chow Win Fat, and Chow and Win are easy to understand, but they are only the phonetic changes of Zhou Herun in Cantonese pronunciation, but fat has an extra t, which is probably to promote the sound. Although I am young, I should be able to understand this T. If the next sound is a vowel, you can use T to bring this vowel, right? Please ask a real Cantonese speaker to explain.

The aboriginal people in Guangdong and Guangxi were called Baiyue, and later Qin Shihuang hit Indochina Peninsula. Hainan aborigine Li nationality is also a branch, and Cantonese people may not understand what Li nationality says. The same is true for Gaoshan people in Taiwan Province province, but a Malaysian or Indonesian can basically communicate with his Gaoshan compatriots in his own language. I remember it was mentioned in the variety show of the prime mover train. Therefore, Cantonese should be the Han accent of the ancient Central Plains, for example, it came from Guanzhong area in Qin and Han Dynasties, while the official name of Minnan dialect was Heluo dialect, which spread from Henan to Taiwan Province Province in Fujian in Song Dynasty, while Hakka dialect was closer to the pronunciation of the Central Plains in Sui and Tang Dynasties. And why do Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and other places in the Central Plains now say it tastes like this? I'm thinking this must be the result of ethnic integration. Our history books are all about the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In fact, for most areas north of the Yangtze River, their history is Tang, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing. So many Khitans, Jurchens, Xixia people, Xianbei people, Di people, Qiang people, Jie people and so on. Intermarriage and communication with the north have formed what it is today. It is estimated that Tianjin dialect in the north comes from Fengyang area in the south. After all, Tianjin Wei is the place where Zhu Yuanzhang's hometown once guarded the capital.

The difference is understandable. China is twice the size of Europe (excluding the Russian European part). How many countries and languages are there in Europe, which is only half the size of China? Spain, Portugal and Italy are just like Cantonese, Hainan dialect and Guangxi dialect. Although they are different, they can communicate with each other without translation, but the approximate distance between Spain and Norway is from Guangdong to the northeast, so they can't communicate without translation. You know, after Qin Shihuang unified the world, he unified the words, but there was no unified accent! Explain what? Explain that there were different characters in different areas of China before Qin Shihuang. So if Qin Shihuang didn't have a unified script, then local dialects also had their own scripts. If it is not a language, what is it?

Generally, the radius of a language is several hundred kilometers (except the official language of the country). There are many languages on an island in Southeast Asia, but it is really difficult to unify the languages except the two paths of national integration and conquest. Comparing various dialects in China, assuming that I haven't heard any pronunciation myself, it's completely heard by aliens. Personally, I think Henan dialect is pleasant to listen to, but there are not many difficult sounds. () There are many inhaling and coughing sounds in Putian dialect, which is the hardest thing for me to accept. My hometown, Chongqing dialect in Sichuan, is too flat and lacks penetration. If I speak to my ear from the cranial cavity, it's hard to hear clearly, so I have to increase my voice. This is the reason why the voice in the southwest is too loud, because the audio is hard to hear clearly, and the tone of Wu Nong's soft language is very rich, so I can speak quietly, not loudly.

To discuss this issue, we must first review the history and find out who was the earliest "* * *" or "Han nationality"? What are they talking about?

Han nationality is the main national identity recognized by the vast majority of China people. Before the name of the Han nationality appeared, everyone agreed that it came from two tribes, the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di, and they thought they were descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Tracing back from historical dynasties, before the reunification of Qin Shihuang, the earliest dynasties in China were Xia, Shang, Zhou and Qin. Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties generally ruled Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and other regions.

In order to distinguish tribes and ethnic groups from different cultures around them, Zhou people thought it was "Huaxia" and agreed with it. Apart from the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, later generations were not keen on the recognition of the concept of the Zhou family. The same is true of previous businessmen, and the title of businessmen has not been recognized by future generations. Probably at the time of the demise of the two dynasties, the reputation of the rulers' clans was already relatively poor, and the cultural liquidation of the core group of the later dynasties, which initiated the change of dynasties, was also relatively thorough. Later generations would rather consider themselves descendants of the Chinese people, but most subjects generally do not consider themselves Shang or Zhou people except those in special areas.

The capital of Shang Dynasty was Bo, that is, Shangqiu City, Henan Province today and Anyang City, Henan Province bought by Yin. Haojiang, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, is Xi 'an and Luoyi in Shaanxi today and Luoyang in Henan today. If there is a national identity in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, then the standard accent of their language communication is obviously that the pronunciation of Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin and other places in Shang and Zhou Dynasties is a formal formal accent.

The names of Han nationality and * * * come from the Han Dynasty. Many people in our country will identify themselves as Han Chinese. The capital of the Western Han Dynasty was Chang 'an, which is Xi 'an today. The capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty was Luoyang, Henan. The purest communication language in Han Dynasty should be the pronunciation of Shaanxi and Hexi regions at that time.

Obviously, the earliest batch of Guangdong's * * * came from the Central Plains after Qin Shihuang sent 500,000 troops to unify Guangdong and Guangxi. Their communication language was obviously the pronunciation of the Central Plains people at that time. Zhao Tuo, the deputy commander who was sent by Qin Shihuang to attack Lingnan, later sent someone to close the pass and cut off contact with Lingbei during the rebellion at the end of Qin Dynasty, so he became king himself and established Nanyue State. Zhao Tuo is from Zhengding, Hebei. His language must be a Central Plains accent. Of course, the common accent of these hundreds of thousands of Central Plains people is definitely not much different from that of the later Han people, but since then, this part of Han people must have gradually merged with their native places, and their accents must have been influenced by the local indigenous languages.

Our Mandarin today is based on the pronunciation of Beijing dialect. In Beijing, after the Jin Dynasty, in 936 AD, Shi Jingtang, the founding emperor of the late Jin Dynasty in China, ceded sixteen counties to Qidan, which was not completely recovered by several dynasties in the Central Plains for 200 years. The accent in Beijing is definitely far from that in Henan, Shaanxi.

By the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, Beijing dialect was influenced by Mongols and Manchus respectively, and even the original linking sounds in Chinese disappeared.

Guangdong's Cantonese certainly retains some traces of the original Central Plains accent, and Beijing dialect has been influenced by many national languages other than Han nationality in China for hundreds of years.

So Cantonese and Beijing dialect are very different.

First of all, Mandarin is a kind of Mandarin, and Cantonese is a Chinese dialect, which has the same status as Mandarin. Both of them are influenced by foreign languages in their formation, but they are mainly Chinese. Cantonese and Mandarin are both branches of Qin language. After some Guanzhong people immigrated to Lingnan two thousand years ago, they began to divide.

Ancient Cantonese was formed by the fusion of Guanzhong dialect and Lingnan Baiyue dialect in Qin and Han Dynasties. Later, in the history of more than 2,000 years, * * * continued to enter the south of Lingnan, and after continuous integration and evolution, it gradually formed medieval Cantonese, nearly ancient Cantonese and even modern Cantonese. At this time, Cantonese is already a branch of Chinese, with Baiyue accounting for less than 20% and complete Chinese as the main component. Those areas that attack Cantonese and non-Chinese can retreat.

The official dialect of Putonghua really appeared before the Yuan Dynasty. Before that, its predecessor was called "Yayan". Later, it was worn many times in the south, and the elegant words were divided into Hakka, Gan and Mandarin. Later, there were many wars in the north, and between the violent conflicts of civilizations, language also developed rapidly. Here, I want to emphasize that although the Putonghua dialect is strongly influenced by Altai language family, it has little to do with the production of consonants, which are produced by the vowel shedding of some Chinese words.

Because of the different evolutionary processes, Cantonese and Mandarin are so different. First, pronunciation. The vowels in Cantonese vary greatly, such as "Xiang hoeng", which is a vowel produced by the decline of the middle tone, while Putonghua retains the middle tone I, so Putonghua is "Xiang Xiang". However, in this word, the initial consonant of Putonghua has been jawed, from the root sound H to the tongue sound X, while Cantonese retains H. Generally speaking, there are many vowel mutations in Cantonese, and the initial consonant and vowel are well preserved. In Putonghua, there are many vowel mutations, which leads to such a big difference between the two dialects.

Then vocabulary and grammar. In the process of language evolution, some words and grammar will change with people's language habits, and this change will accumulate more and more over time, and the differences will naturally become bigger and bigger. For example, some verbs say "Kiki" in Mandarin and "Sikh" in Cantonese; Another example is "drinking He Shui" in Mandarin and "drinking Yan Shui" in Cantonese. Mandarin "give a dollar to my brother" and Cantonese "give a person money to Bei"; Mandarin "Xiang Xiang", Cantonese "Lin Yu" and so on. Some of these differences are caused by people's own language habits and the internal evolution of language. For example, the word "Chen" in Cantonese originally meant "missing" and later extended to "thinking". Others are caused by foreign words changing language habits, such as "Qipai" in Cantonese. Another is grammar, both of which are subject-predicate-object structures. However, compared with Putonghua, Cantonese uses more inverted sentences, such as "I go first" in Putonghua, and the attribute is generally changed to "I go first". Others, such as "le" when finished, use "bang" in Cantonese. For example, if someone asks you if you have eaten, they will answer in Mandarin.

In short, for a long time, the differences caused by these differentiation mutations have accumulated bit by bit, and until now, the differences are naturally great.