What happened in Europe in the thirteenth century?

The period from 120 1 to 1300 is called the thirteenth century. China13rd century, the historical context of this period is the period when Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Xixia, Dali, Western Liao Dynasty, Mongolia and Tubo coexisted, and finally the Yuan Dynasty established by Mongolia unified the whole of China. In the process of Mongolia's reunification, the people's life is very unstable, the economy is gradually declining, and the hostility between ethnic groups is very obvious. In Japan, the Kamakura shogunate gradually weakened. North Korea became a semi-independent country under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. In the Middle East, the traditional Islamic countries were attacked by Mongolia, the Arab Empire perished and the Ottoman Empire was established. In western Europe, the13rd century was the middle of the Middle Ages. Crusaders invaded the East many times. The Catholic church gained the upper hand in the power struggle with secular nobles. In eastern Europe, Slavs were suppressed by Mongolia and became subjects of the Golden Tent khanate. The Byzantine Empire was attacked by Crusaders, divided and weakened. In Africa, the Ayub dynasty in the northeast of Egypt flourished and defeated the Crusaders many times. The rise of Mali Empire in West Africa. Swahili civilization in East Africa entered its heyday. The Mayan Empire reached its peak in Central America.