Go to Taiwan Province to play.

I. Geography and residents

Taiwan Province is located on the continental shelf off the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, between 119 18 ′ 3 ″ east longitude and 124 34 ′ 3 ″ north latitude and 2 45 ′ 25 ″ north latitude. Taiwan Province is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Ryukyu Islands in the northeast, about 6 kilometers apart; South of bashi channel, about 3 kilometers away from the Philippines; It faces Fujian across the Taiwan Province Strait in the west, with the narrowest point of 13 kilometers. Taiwan Province, the center of the western Pacific waterway, is an important transportation hub for maritime links among countries in the Pacific region.

The Taiwan Province Strait runs from northeast to southwest, connecting the East China Sea in the north and the South China Sea in the south. It is about 2 nautical miles long, 7 to 221 nautical miles wide, and the average width is about 18 nautical miles. It is an important maritime traffic artery as well as an international maritime traffic artery. Ships traveling between the East China Sea and the South China Sea in China pass through here. Ships from Europe, Africa, South Asia and Oceania to the eastern coast of China also pass through here. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean to the Sea of Japan generally pass through here.

Taiwan Province is located in the southeast of China, covering an area of 36, square kilometers, including Taiwan Province Island (covering an area of 35,8 square kilometers), Penghu Islands, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, Lanyu, Pengjiayu and chiwei yu. The province is divided into 7 cities and 16 counties.

Taiwan Province Island is mountainous, with mountains and hills accounting for more than two thirds of the total area. The Taiwan Province Mountains are parallel to the northeast-southwest trend of Taiwan Province Island, and lie vertically in the east-central position of Taiwan Province Island, forming the topographical features of mountainous areas in the east, hilly areas in the middle and plains in the west of the island. Taiwan Province Island has five mountains, four plains and three great basin mountains, namely, Central Mountain, Snow Mountain, Yushan Mountain, Alishan Mountain and Taitung Mountain, Yilan Plain, Jianan Plain, Pingtung Plain and Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain, Taipei Basin, Taichung Basin and Puli Basin. The central mountain runs through the north and south, and Yushan is 3952 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in eastern China. Taiwan Province Island is located in the Pacific Rim seismic belt and volcanic belt, and its crust is unstable, so it is an earthquake-prone area.

The climate in Taiwan Province is warm in winter, hot in summer, abundant in rainfall, and there are many typhoons and rainstorms in summer and autumn. The Tropic of Cancer runs through the central part of Taiwan Province Island, with a subtropical climate in the north and a tropical climate in the south. The annual average temperature (except the mountains) is 22℃, and the annual precipitation is more than 2mm. Abundant rainfall has created favorable conditions for the development of rivers on the island. There are 68 rivers flowing into the sea alone, and the water is fast-flowing, with many waterfalls and abundant hydraulic resources. Among them, the rivers with a length of more than 1 kilometers are Zhuoshui River (186.4 kilometers), Gaoping River (17.9 kilometers), Danshui River (158.7 kilometers), Dajiaxi (14.3 kilometers), Zengwenxi (138.5 kilometers) and Wuxi River (116.8 kilometers).

The agricultural area in Taiwan Province accounts for about a quarter of the land area, and it is rich in rice, with two or three crops a year, good rice quality and high yield; The main cash crops are sucrose and tea. There are more than 9 kinds of vegetables, and the planting area is second only to rice. Taiwan Province is known as the "kingdom of fruits", and there are many kinds of fruits. The output value of flowers is also considerable.

The forest area in Taiwan Province accounts for about 52% of the whole area. Taiping Mountain in Taibei, Baxian Mountain in Taichung and Alishan in Chiayi are three famous forest areas, with a wood reserve of 326 million cubic meters and nearly 4, species of trees, among which Taiwania flousiana, Sabina rubra, Cinnamomum camphora and Phoebe bournei are famous all over the world, and camphor tree extract ranks first in the world, and the output of camphor and camphor oil accounts for about 7% of the world total.

Taiwan Province is surrounded by the sea, with a total coastline of 1,6 kilometers. Because it is located at the junction of cold and warm currents, it is rich in fishery resources. The eastern coastal waters are deep and the fishing season is endless; The seabed in the west is an extension of the continental shelf, which is relatively flat, rich in benthic fish and shellfish, and the offshore fishery and aquaculture are relatively developed. Offshore fishing is also more developed.

Taiwan Province is rich in water power, forest and fishery resources, but other natural resources are limited. The self-produced energy is only a small amount of coal and natural gas, and there are few metal minerals such as gold, silver, copper and iron, which are mainly stored in the northern volcanic areas and the central mountains.

since 196s, Taiwan Province has paid attention to the development of industry, and now it has formed an island-type industrial and commercial economy focusing on processing and export. Industries include textiles, electronics, sugar, plastics, electricity, etc., and there are processing export zones in Kaohsiung, Taichung and Nanzi. From Keelung in the north to Kaohsiung in the south, there are electrified railways and expressway, and the sea and air routes can reach five continents.

According to the statistics of Taiwan Province, as of August 1998, the population of Taiwan Province Province was more than 21.81 million, with the population of Jinmen and Mazu, the total was more than 21.86 million. The annual population growth rate is about 7.31%. The population is mainly concentrated in the western plain, and the population in the east accounts for only 4% of the total population. The average population density is 568.83 people per square kilometer, and the population density of the political, economic and cultural center and the largest city, Taipei, has reached 1, people per square kilometer.

among Taiwan Province residents, the Han nationality accounts for about 98% of the total population; Ethnic minorities account for 2%, about 38, people. According to different languages and customs, the ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province are divided into 9 ethnic groups, including Ami, Taiya, Paiwan, Bunong, Beinan, Rukai, Cao, Yamei and Saixia, which live in different parts of the province.

in terms of administrative divisions, Taiwan Province province governs five provincial cities, namely keelung, hsinchu, taichung, chiayi and tainan, and 16 counties, namely Taipei, Yilan, taoyuan, hsinchu miaoli, taichung, changhua, nantou, Yunlin, chiayi, tainan, kaohsiung, pingtung, taitung, hualien and penghu. In 1967, the Taiwan Province authorities designated Taibei and Kaohsiung as "cities under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan" in 1979. In addition, there is a so-called "Fujian Provincial Government", which governs Jinmen and Lianjiang (Mazu) counties.

There are Sun Moon Lake, Alishan, Yangming Mountain, Beitou Hot Spring, Chihkan Tower in Tainan, Mazu Tempel in Beigang and so on.

Xiamen and Taiwan Province are facing each other across the sea, with a superior geographical position and a good deep-water harbor. Since ancient times, Xiamen has been called "the gateway to the southeast, which is the key to Taiwan Province". Since the Song Dynasty, Xiamen and Taiwan Province belong to the same administrative unit, and mainland immigrants began to move from Xiamen to Taiwan Province. Similar geographical location, climatic conditions and living habits have communicated the close relationship and contacts between Xiamen and the people of Taiwan Province, just as "The Records of the Government of Taiwan Province" states: "Taiwan and Xiamen are like two wings of a bird, and the local customs say that Xiamen is Taiwan, and Taiwan is Xiamen". 7% of Taiwan Province people's ancestral home originated in southern Fujian, and the people of the two places are like brothers and sisters. This particular geographical and historical relationship makes Xiamen a transit point and a major traffic artery for various exchanges with Taiwan Province, and it is also a concentrated place for economic and trade exchanges.

II. Historical overview

In ancient times, Taiwan Province was connected with the mainland. Later, due to crustal movement, the connected part sank into the sea, forming a strait and Taiwan Province Island appeared.

Most of the early residents in Taiwan Province migrated directly or indirectly from Chinese mainland. In 1971 and 1974, the earliest human fossils in Taiwan Province were discovered twice in Zuozhen Township, Tainan County, and were named as "Zuozhenren". Archaeologists believe that "Zuozhen Man" came to Taiwan Province from the mainland 3, years ago. Together with the "Qingliu Man" and "Dongshan Man" discovered in Fujian archaeology, they belong to the late Homo sapiens in the southern Paleolithic region of China, which have the same origin and all inherited some characteristics of Homo erectus in China. Among the early inhabitants of Taiwan Province, there were a few short blacks belonging to Niglito race and Langya people belonging to Ryukyu race. The early inhabitants of Taiwan Province mentioned above are the ancestors of the ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province today.

The written history of Taiwan Province can be traced back to 23 AD. At that time, Sun Quan, the prince of Wu of the Three Kingdoms, sent 1, officers and men to Yizhou (Taiwan Province), and Kuloko Shen's "Coastal Soil and Water Records" left the earliest account of Taiwan Province in the world. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties (589-618 AD), Taiwan Province was called "Liu Qiu". The Sui Dynasty had been a teacher in Taiwan Province for three times. According to historical records, in 61 (the sixth year of Sui Daye), the Han people began to move to Penghu. By the Song and Yuan Dynasties (96-1368 AD), there were a considerable number of Han people in Penghu area. After the Han people opened up Penghu, they began to develop in Taiwan Province, bringing with them the advanced production technology at that time. In the middle of the 12th century, the Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and sent troops to guard it. The Yuan Dynasty also sent troops to Taiwan Province. The Yuan and Ming governments set up a patrol and inspection department in Penghu, which was responsible for patrolling and arresting criminals, and also held a salt class. In the late Ming dynasty, the scale of development became larger and larger. In the era of war and famine, the Fujian authorities of the Ming government and Zheng Zhilong Group once immigrated to Taiwan Province in an organized way.

in the 16th century, the western colonial forces such as Spain and Holland developed rapidly and began to extend their tentacles to the east. At the beginning of the 17th century, Dutch colonialists took advantage of the peasant uprising at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the growing power of Manchus in Northeast China, and when the Ming government was in a difficult situation, they invaded Taiwan Province. Soon, the Spanish occupied some areas in northern and eastern Taiwan Province, and were driven away by the Dutch in 1642. Taiwan Province became a Dutch colony. Dutch colonialists enforced compulsory rule, appropriated land for themselves, forced people to pay various taxes, plundered rice and sugar in Taiwan Province, and re-exported the raw silk, sugar and porcelain they bought from China to other countries through Taiwan Province, thus reaping high profits. The rule of Dutch colonists aroused the resistance of the people of Taiwan Province. In September 1652, Guo Huaiyi, a peasant leader, led a large-scale armed uprising. Although the armed uprising was suppressed, it showed that the Dutch colonial rule had been in crisis.

in p>1644, the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan and established the Qing regime in Beijing. In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong enlisted the name of a general in the Southern Ming Dynasty, led 25, soldiers and hundreds of warships, and marched into Taiwan Province from Kinmen. When Zheng Chenggong marched into Taiwan Province, he told Dutch colonialists that Taiwan Province "has always belonged to China", and that the residents of the two islands, Taiwan Province and Penghu, are China people who have occupied and cultivated this land since ancient times, and that the Netherlands "should return it to its original owners." After fierce fighting and siege, in February 1662, Zheng Chenggong forced Dutch Governor Yi Yi to sign and surrender. Zheng Chenggong recovered China territory Taiwan Province from Dutch colonists and became a great national hero, which was admired by the broad masses of people.

in p>1684, the Qing government set up a patrol road and Taiwan government, which belonged to Fujian province. By 1811, the population of Taiwan had reached 1.9 million, most of whom were immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong. Immigrants reclaimed wasteland in large quantities, which made Taiwan Province a new agricultural region, and provided a large amount of rice and sucrose, daily consumer goods and building materials imported from the mainland, which made Taiwan Province's economy develop to a considerable extent. During this period, Taiwan Province had close contacts with Fujian and Guangdong, and Chinese culture was introduced into Taiwan Province more comprehensively.

As the western powers invaded and forced China's frontier, there was a frontier crisis in China. During the Sino-French War of 1884-1885, the French army attacked Taiwan Province, which was badly hit by Liu Mingchuan's army. By the signing of the Sino-French New Testament in June 1885, the French army was forced to withdraw from Taiwan Province.

after the sino-French war, in order to strengthen coastal defense, the Qing government designated Taiwan Province as a single province in 1885, and Taiwan Province became the 2th province in China. Liu Mingchuan, the first governor of Taiwan Province Province, actively carried out the new policy of self-improvement, cleaned up land tax, increased fiscal revenue, bought ships, set up telegraph lines, set up the General Administration of Posts and Telecommunications and built railways; Buy warships, add batteries, and set up machinery bureaus to make their own weapons; Set up coal bureau and install new coal mining machines; Set up a company to promote the city, build streets and roads; Establish western schools and telegraph schools to train construction talents. Liu Mingchuan concentrated many new businesses in one province, making Taiwan Province one of the advanced provinces in China at that time.

Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War in p>1894, and the Qing government was defeated the following year. On April 17th, it was forced to sign the treaty of shimonoseki, which humiliated the country and ceded Taiwan Province to Japan. After the news came out, the whole country was angry and opposed to cutting the table; Taiwan Province province "cries loudly", gong strike. Liu Yongfu, the general of the Qing army who assisted Taiwan Province in military affairs, led the soldiers and civilians to resist Japanese occupation, and persisted in fighting for more than five months. After more than a hundred battles, the Japanese invaders paid a heavy price, but they eventually failed. Since then, Taiwan Province has been a Japanese colony for 5 years.

The people of Taiwan Province never gave in to Japanese colonial rule. In the early days of Japanese occupation, anti-Japanese armed forces with peasants as the main body fought for 2 years. Later, the Cultural Association, People's Party and Producer Party also organized and led the national resistance movement against Japanese colonial rule.

in July p>1937, the "July 7th Incident" was created in Japan, and the people of China started the national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, many Taiwan Province compatriots returned to the motherland to participate in the Anti-Japanese War, which contributed to the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the recovery of Taiwan Province. After the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941, on December 9, the Japanese government issued the "Announcement of China's Declaration of War against Japan", clearly telling China and foreign countries: "All treaties, agreements and contracts involving the relationship between China and China will be abolished."

In August p>1945, Japan was defeated in World War II, and announced its unconditional surrender on August 15th. After eight years of heroic War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China finally recovered Taiwan Province. Taiwan Province compatriots celebrated their return to the motherland with great joy. On October 25th, the surrender ceremony of Taiwan Province Province in China War Zone was held in Taibei. On behalf of the China government, the surrendered officials announced that Taiwan Province and Penghu Islands have officially re-entered Chinese territory from now on, and all land, people and political affairs have been placed under China's sovereignty. At this point, Taiwan Province and Penghu are under the sovereignty of China.

Tourist attractions

Shilin yehliu Alishan Sun Moon Lake Dagangshan Goose's Humble Nose

Guanyinshan Longshan Temple Beitou Hot Spring Datun Volcano Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Palace Museum

Tourist City

hsinchu city Hsinchu County, Taoyuan County, Taipei County, Keelung City

Taichung County, Taichung City, Nantou County, Changhua County, Hualien County, Chiayi City, Yunlin County. Pingtung County, Taitung County, Tainan County

Overlooking the earth from space, you will find many glittering and translucent gem-like islands embedded in the vast sea surface in the southeast of the mainland of China, including a long and narrow island shaped like a banana leaf, which is the beautiful, rich and charming Taiwan Province Island.

in the song dynasty, the mainland used the name "eight scenic spots" to refer to scenic spots, which followed suit in the yuan and Ming dynasties and even became fashionable. The number "twelve" was also widely used in the old mainland. Therefore, most of the scenery in Taiwan Province is called "Eight" and "Twelve".

Eight scenic spots in Taiwan: ① The eight scenic spots scheduled for the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty are: the late crossing in Anping, the fishing in the sand, the spring tide in deer's ears, the snow in the chicken coop, the dawn in the east, the sunset on the west island, the listening to the waves in Feiting and the sea watching on Chengtai. (2) The eight scenic spots scheduled for the early stage of the Qing Qianlong period are: Xiangyangchunbian, Chixiazhao, Yanmen Yanyu, Deer's Ear Spring Sail, Kunshen Silk Collection, Jinqunxiaoxia, Jitan Jiyue and Qiwei Autumn Harvest. ③ The eight scenic spots scheduled for the Japanese occupation period are: Xugang, Danshui, Baxian Mountain, Sun Moon Lake, Alishan, Shoushan, Eluanbi and East China Sea Cliff. ④ The eight scenic spots scheduled for 1953 are: Yushan Snow, Alishan Sea, Shuangtan Autumn Moon, Zaitun Spring, Anping Sunset, Qingshui Cliff, Luge Gorge and Penghu Fishing Fire. ⑤ The current eight scenic spots are: Ali Wonder, Moon and Moon Charm, Luge Gorge, Nanwan Extreme, Yangming Scenery, Beitou Hot Spring, yehliu Park and Wulai Waterfall.

in addition to the province-wide "eight scenic spots in Taiwan", there are also many "eight scenic spots" in various places.

Eight scenic spots in Keelung: gathering rain in Jishan Mountain, gathering clouds in Shiling Mountain, huding Waterfall, condensing smoke in Yuyu Island, listening to the waves in Xiandong = dawn in Sheliao, Haimen, clarification and towering peaks. After that, there are eight new sights: Xugang Qinglan, Mi Wengxiaoxia, Shiling Zayun, Badou Sunset, Lingquan Evening Bell, Jun Bridge Autumn Moon, Warm Spring Water and Sheliao Silver Lan.

Eight Scenes of Freshwater: ① Sheng.