Please introduce to me a few ancient people’s names for others.

Appellations of people

Direct names

There are roughly three situations:

(1) Claiming one’s name or first name. For example, "Within five steps, Xiangru will be able to splatter the king with blood on his neck", "Luling Wen Tianxiang prefaces his poem by himself".

(2) Used for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su both went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting was a native of Taizhou".

(3) Call someone you hate or despise. For example, "Unfortunately, Master Lu and Meng Gou were evil in the front, and Jia Yuqing was flattering in the back."

Naming words

The ancients named names when they were young, and then named them as adults (20 years old for men and 15 years old for women). There is a meaningful connection between the words and the names. The name is for the convenience of others, and it is out of politeness and respect for peers or seniors.

For example, Qu Ping is called Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is called Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is called Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai is called Li Taibai, Du Fu is called Du Zimei, Han Yu is called Han Tuizhi, Liu Zongyuan is called Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Yongshu, and Sima Guang is Sima Junshi, Su Shi is Su Zizhan, Su Zhe is Su Ziyou, etc.

Title

The number is also called an alias and a table number. The fundamental difference between a name, a given name and a nickname is that the former is chosen by the father or elders, while the latter is chosen by oneself. A nickname is generally only used for self-proclaiming to show a certain interest or express a certain emotion; it is also a respectful title for a person.

Posthumous titles

In ancient times, the titles added to princes, generals, ministers, senior officials, and famous scribes after their death were called posthumous titles.

For example, Tao Yuanming is called Jingjie Zhengshi, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Wenzhonggong, Wang Anshi is called Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is called Fan Wenzhenggong, Wang Ao is called Wang Zhongsugong, Zuo Guangdou is called Zuo Zhongyi Gong, and Shi Kefa is called Shi. Zhonglie Gong, Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhonggong. And calling the imperial minister Qin Hui Miao Chou is an "evil posthumous title".

Calling a house by its name

refers to calling it by its house number or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, lived in a house named Chengzhai, and people called him Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai was called Mr. Yao Xibao and Mr. Another example is calling Pu Songling Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong Tan Zhuangfei (the name of his restaurant is Zhuangfei Tower).

Calling place of origin

For example, the poet Meng Haoran of the Tang Dynasty was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling was from Qujiang, so he was called Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan was from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi) , so he was called Liu Hedong; Wang Anshi in the Northern Song Dynasty was from Linchuan, Jiangxi, so he was called Wang Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty dramatist Tang Xianzu was called Tang Linchuan (from Linchuan, Jiangxi); the Qing Dynasty playwright Gu Yanwu was from Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu, and was called Gu Tinglin; Kang Youwei was from Nanhai, Guangdong, and was known as Kang Nanhai; Yuan Shikai, the leader of the Beiyang warlord, was known as Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). There is a famous couplet full of sarcasm in the late Qing Dynasty: "The prime minister Hefei is thin in the world, and the agricultural minister Changshu is destitute in the world." "Hefei" in the first couplet refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and "Changshu" in the second couplet refers to Weng Tongjie, who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu.

Called Junwang

Although Han Yu was from Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), the Han family in Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was a prominent family in the Tang Dynasty, so Han Yu often He called himself "Changli Hanyu", and the world called him Han Changli. Another example is Su Shi, who was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes jokingly called himself "Su Shi from Zhaojun" or "Su Zhaojun" because the Su family was a prominent family in Zhaojun.

Appelling official names

For example, "Sun Taolu is smart and benevolent", "Sun Taolu" is Sun Quan, because he was awarded the official position of general touolu, so he was called. "Mei Hua Ling Ji" has the sentence "Jing Lue came from the north" and "it is said that Taishi Yan used his troops to escape, and Wen Shaobao also realized the great light and the cicada escaped." "Jing Lue" is Hong Chengchou's official position, and "Tai Shi" It is the provincial title of Yan Zhenqing's official position "Prince Taishi", and "Shaobao" is the official position of Wen Tianxiang. "A Letter to His Wife": "Sima Chunshan, I cannot imitate the Supreme Master's forgetfulness of love." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was the Sima of Jiangzhou. It was quite common in ancient times to use official names as personal titles. For example, Jia Yi was called Taifu Jia; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", once served as an infantry captain and was called Ruan Infantry in the world; Ji Kang once worshiped the doctor of Zhongsan and was called Ji in the world. Zhongsan; Wang Xizhi, the great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was promoted to the general of the Youjun Army, and people still call him Wang Youjun; Wang Wei once served as Shangshu Youcheng, and was known as Wang Youcheng in the world; Du Fu once served as Zuo Shiyi, so he was called Du Shiyi, and because he served as inspector He was a member of the Ministry of Industry, so he was also called Du Gongbu; Liu Yuxi was a guest of the prince, and was called a guest Liu; Liu Yong was a member of the Tuntian, and was called Liu Tuntian; Su Shi was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy in Duanming Palace, and was called Su Xueshi .

Appelling titles

"Xun Jian Shi Kang" "Kou Lai Gong was very extravagant in modern times." Kou Zhun's title was Lai Guogong, and Lai Gong was the provincial title. "The Story of Meihua Ridge" "Prince Heshuo of Yu called him Sir", and Duduo was named Prince of Yu in the Qing Dynasty. "The Biography of Liu Jingting" "When Ningnan went south, the commander-in-chief of Anhui wanted to marry Ningnan and paid tribute to the pavilion in the shogunate." Ningnan was the provincial name of Ningnanhou, the title of Zuoliang Yujue in the late Ming Dynasty. Another example is that Zhuge Liang once had the title of Marquis of Wuxiang, so later generations called him Wuhou; the poet Xie Lingyun of the Southern and Northern Dynasties inherited the title of his ancestor Xie Xuan, Kang Le Gong, and was called Xie Kang Le in his later life; Wei Zheng, the famous prime minister in the early Tang Dynasty, once knighted Zheng Guogong, and was called Wei Zheng Gong in his later life; The famous general Guo Ziyi was knighted as the Duke of Fenyang County for his meritorious service in pacifying the "Anshi Rebellion", and was known as Guo Fenyang in the world; the great calligrapher Chu Suiliang was knighted as the Duke of Henan Province, and was known as Chu Henan in the world; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty was knighted as the Duke of Jingguo, and was known as Wang Jinggong in the world; Sima Guangzeng He was granted the title Wen Guogong, known as Sima Wen Gong in the world. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's minister Liu Ji was granted the title Lord Chengyi, and people regarded him as Lord Chengyi.

Calling official land

refers to using the place name of the official place.

For example, "The Battle of Chibi": "Where do you want to go to Yuzhou now?" Because Liu Bei once served as the governor of Yuzhou, it was called the official land. Another example is that Jia Yi was once demoted to the title of Prince Taifu of Changsha, and was known as Jia Changsha in the world; Kong Rong, one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", served as the Prime Minister of Beihai, and was known as Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming once served as the magistrate of Pengze, and was known as Tao Pengze in the world; King Luo Bin once served as Linhai County Magistrate, known as Luo Linhai in the world; Cen Shen once served as the governor of Jiazhou, known as Cen Jiazhou in the world; Wei Yingwu once served as the governor of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in the world; Liu Zongyuan once served as the governor of Liuzhou, known as Liuliuzhou in the world; Jia Dao once served as the chief administrator of Changjiang County, known in the world He was called Jia Changjiang, and his collection of poems was called "Changjiang Collection".

Also known as

For example, in "A Journey to Baochan Mountain", "the four of them are Luling Xiaojun Guijunyu, Changle King Huishen's father, my younger brother An Guoping's father, An Shangchun "Father", the first two people also mentioned their place of origin, name and title, and the latter two first wrote about the relationship with the author, and then the name and title; "Tombstones of Five People" "For the wise scholar and official, the official was named Wu Gong, and Taishi Wenqi Wen Gong" ", Meng Chang Yao Gongye", the first two were called both official positions, names and surnames, and the latter were called both names and surnames; "The Story of Meihualing" "Governor Shi Zhonglie knew that the situation was unstoppable", they were called both official positions and posthumous titles, "Ma The deputy envoy Mingluan, the prefect Minyu Ren, and the generals Liu Dudu Zhaoji and others are all dead." He also mentioned his surname, official position and given name; "Chu Zhi" "I was in the history museum and heard that Mr. Tao from Tiantai, Hanlin, talked about Boji." Official title, place of origin and honorific title.

Humility

(1) Expresses a humble attitude and is used for self-proclaiming.

Foolish, humbly saying that one is not smart. Condescending, humbly saying that one's knowledge is shallow. We, it is not good to humbly call yourself or your things. Humble, humbly calling oneself of low status. Plagiarism means privately and privately, and its use often has the connotation of being reckless and abrupt. Chen, humbly saying that one's status is not as high as that of the other party. Servant means humbly referring to yourself as the servant of the other party. Using it means serving the other party.

(2) The self-effacing words of ancient emperors include Gu (the king of a small country), Wu (a person with little virtue), and Bu Gu (not good).

(3) The self-effacing words of ancient officials include lower official, lower official, minor official, etc.

(4) Scholars’ self-effacing words include “xiaosheng”, “wansheng”, “late school”, etc., indicating that they are new students; if they describe themselves as untalented, not sycophantic, or unworthy, it means that they have no talent or have mediocre talents. .

(5) When ancient people referred to their relatives and friends, they often used modest words such as "home" and "home". "Jia" is a modest word used when others refer to one's senior or older relatives, such as father, mother, brother, etc. "She" is used to humbly refer to one's own home or one's humble relatives. The former is like a humble house, a poor house, and the latter is like a brother-in-law, a sister-in-law, a nephew, etc.

(6) Other self-effacing words include: Because the ancients respected the elder when sitting at a table, juniors or people with lower status were humbled; Xiao is the self-effacing expression of people with a certain status, meaning oneself It's very common and not worth mentioning; "boy" is how the younger generation refers to their father, brother and elders; when old people are self-effacing, they use the terms "老mort", "老夫", "老汉", "老庄", etc.; women call themselves concubines; old monks call themselves "Lao Na"; to other countries, they call their monarchs "little prince". .

Honorific title

It expresses a respectful and polite attitude, also called "honorific title".

(1) The honorific titles for the emperor include Long Live, Holy Emperor, Holy Emperor, Son of Heaven, His Majesty, etc. Chai, originally refers to the emperor's chariot. The ancients believed that the emperor should travel around the world by car, so they used "drive" to refer to the emperor. Ancient emperors believed that their political power was established by orders from heaven, so they called the emperor the Son of Heaven. In ancient times, ministers did not dare to go directly to the emperor, so they told the people under the palace (palace steps) and asked them to convey their meaning, so they called the emperor "your majesty" instead.

(2) The honorific title for the crown prince and prince is Your Highness.

(3) The honorific title given to the general is subordinate.

(4) Honorific titles for people with a certain social status: envoys are called "Your Excellency"; people with a certain social status such as Sangong and county magistrates are called "Your Excellency". Nowadays, they are mostly used in diplomatic situations, such as "Your Excellency the Ambassador".

(5) Honorific titles for the other party or the other party’s relatives include Ling, Zun, Xian, etc. Ling means good, and is used to address the other party's relatives, such as your father (the other party's father), your father's mother (the other party's mother), your father's wife (the other party's wife), your elder brother (the other party's brother), your son (the other party's son), and your love. (the other party’s daughter). Zun is used to refer to people or things related to the other party, such as zunshang (called the other party's parents), zungong, zunjun, zunfu (all called the other party's father), zuntang (the other party's mother), zunqin (the other party's relative), Zunjia (addressing the other party), Zunming (the other party’s instructions), and Zunyi (the other party’s intention). Xian is used to refer to peers or juniors, such as Xianjia (referred to as the other party), Xianlang (referred to as the other party's son), and Xiandi (referred to as the other party's younger brother). Ren means love and respect, and has a wide range of applications. For example, calling a friend of the same generation who is older than oneself is a benevolent brother, calling a person with a high status a benevolent man, etc.

(6) Addressing elderly people as father-in-law or father-in-law, such as "Zi Lu came here and met his father-in-law" ("The Analects of Confucius"). After the Tang Dynasty, father-in-law and father-in-law specifically referred to the wife's father, also known as Taishan, and the wife's mother was called mother-in-law or Taishui.

(7) "Xian" is added in front of the title to indicate death. It is used to honor people with high status or older people. For example, the deceased emperor is called the first emperor, and the dead father is called the first emperor. Kao or ancestor, the deceased mother is called Xianci or Xian*, and the talented and virtuous person who has died is called Xianxian. Adding "Tai" or "大" before the title indicates the older generation. For example, the emperor's mother is called the Queen Mother, the grandfather is called the Great Father, and the grandmother is called the Great Mother.

After the Tang Dynasty, deceased emperors were often called by temple names, such as Tang Taizong, Tang Xuanzong, Song Taizu, Song Renzong, Yuan Shizu, Ming Taizu, etc.; in the Ming and Qing dynasties, emperors were also called by their reign names, such as calling Zhu Yuanzhang Emperor Hongwu. , Zhu Youjian was called Emperor Chongzhen, Xuanye was called Emperor Kangxi, and Hongli was called Emperor Qianlong. (The honorific titles for those who respect the elders and used among peers include Jun, Zi, Gong, Zuxia, Fuzi, Sir, Your Excellency, etc.

(9) The respectful title for the king to his ministers is Qing or Aiqing.

(10) "Sheng" is used to express respect for people with noble character and superior wisdom. For example, Confucius is called a saint and Mencius is called a sub-sage. Later, "sheng" was mostly used for emperors, such as "sage" and "sage". Shengjia, etc.

*titled

It expresses a contemptuous and scolding attitude. For example, "Jing Ke Assassinates the King of Qin": "Those who refuse to rebel even now are called Shu Zi." "Mao Sui Zhijie": " "Bai Qi, Xiao Shu Zi Er" "Hongmen Banquet": "Shu Zi is not enough to make plans!" "The Peacock Flying Southeast": "The boy is fearless, how dare he help the woman!"

The special titles are as follows. Four types:

(1) Common people’s titles include Buyi, Qianshou, Limin, Shengmin, Shumin, Lishu, Cangsheng, Liyuan, Meng, etc.

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(2) Occupation title

For some people whose occupation is craft, a word indicating their occupation is often added in front of their name, so that people can know this at a glance. A person's professional identity. For example, "Paoding" in "Pao Ding Jie Niu", "Ding" is a name, and "Pao" is a chef, which indicates the occupation. The word "Shikuang" and "Shi" in "Shi" means musician, indicating the profession. "Youmeng" in "The Biography of Liu Jingting" refers to the artist named "Meng". "You" is also called actor or actor, which was used in ancient times. Artists who make music, dance and banter as a profession are also called opera actors.

(3) A title for different friendships.

People who make friends when they are poor and of low status. Friends are called "poor friends"; friends who have a close friendship and are as close as brothers are called "Jinlan friends"; friends who share life, death, and hardships are called "cut-neck friends"; friends who are formed when encountering hardships They are called "friends in need"; friends who share the same affection and deep friendship are called "inseparable friends"; good friends of the opposite sex who grew up together are called "friends in need"; friends who get along as common people are called "friends in civilian life"; Friends with different generations and large age differences are called "Wangnianjiao"; friends who are not restricted by status and appearance are called "Wangxingjiao"; friends whose deep friendship does not change due to changes in noble status are called "Chelijiao"; morally speaking Friends who support each other are called "Junzijiao"; friends who have the same mind and know each other deeply are called "Shenjiao" ("Shenjiao" also refers to friends who admire each other but have never met)

(4) Age.

The age of the ancients was sometimes not represented by numbers. They did not directly tell how old someone was or how old they were, but instead used an age-related title.

Tiao is a child between the ages of 34 and 89 (髫, the short hair hanging on the head of an ancient child).

Zongjiao is a teenager between the ages of 89 and 134 (ancient child). Divide the hair into two halves, and tie each into a knot on the top of the head, shaped like two sheep's horns, so it is called "total horns". It is a plant that blooms in early summer. Early summer is not yet midsummer. It is a metaphor for people who are not yet minors, so the teenage years of minors are called "cardamom years").

The hair is tied when a man reaches the age of fifteen (at the age of fifteen, a man must disband his original hair and tie it into a bunch).

The weak crown is when a man is twenty years old (in ancient times, when a man was twenty years old, he was crowned, indicating that he was an adult. Because he had not yet reached his prime, he was called "the weak crown").

Erli is a man who is thirty years old (Li means "to establish one's body and resolve").

Not confused means that a man is forty years old (not confused, "not confused, not confused").

Zhiming means that a man is fifty years old (zhiming, meaning "knowing destiny").

Sixty years old.

Seventy years old.

Old age (mao) means eighty or ninety years old.

Qi Yi refers to one hundred years old.

In ancient times, all people of the same surname and foreigners of the opposite sex who were closely related by blood were called relatives. The specific titles were as follows: zu (royal father, grandfather). Father. Grandmother, Queen Mother, Father’s mother. (Great-grandfather, mother) Grand-grandfather’s father and mother. Great-grandson, great-grandson.

Great-grandson’s son.

Later, the fifth generation refers to the descendant. Lisun)

Shifu (uncle) father's brother.

Shifu (aunt) Shifu's wife. p>

Uncle (aunt) Uncle's wife

Aunt (aunt) Father's sister

Grandfather's wife. (great-uncle, great-uncle)

Grand-aunt (great-uncle, great-uncle)

Grandpa (cousin, cousin). ) From the father's brother.

From the grandmother's (cousin's aunt, cousin's aunt) from the grandfather's wife.

The great-grandfather's uncle.

The wife of the uncle of the great-grandmother and grandfather of the clan.

The son of the great-grandfather of the clan.

The son of the clan father’s grandfather.

The son of the clan brother and clan father.

Sister-in-law’s wife.

My younger brother’s wife.

The son of Congzi (nephew) brother.

The daughter of the niece (niece) brother.

The grandson of Congsun brothers.

The son of the nephew (nephew) sister.

My sister’s husband.

Son-in-law (son-in-law, son-in-law) daughter-in-law’s husband.

Children of the middle cousin (cousin) of the father’s sister.

My maternal grandfather (maternal royal father) and my mother’s father.

The mother of my maternal grandmother (Queen Mother).

The father of the great-grandfather and maternal grandfather.

My great-grandmother, my maternal grandfather’s mother.

Brother of uncle (uncle) and mother.

My aunt (妗子) and my uncle’s wife.

Sister from my mother (aunt, aunt).

The husband of my uncle and aunt.

The children of the middle cousin (aunt).

Children of brothers and sisters from the mother (brothers and sisters from the mother, cousins) from the mother.

Uncle (father-in-law, father-in-law, father-in-law, Taishan, father-in-law) is the wife's father.

My maternal aunt (mother-in-law, mother-in-law, Taishui), my wife’s mother.

Sister-in-law (sister-in-law) wife.

The son of his wife’s nephew and his wife’s brother.

The father of my uncle (嫜, Gong) husband.

My aunt’s husband’s mother.

Aunt and aunt are the husband’s parents (commonly known as parents-in-law).

Uncle (uncle, uncle) Husband’s brother.

Sister-in-law, husband’s sister.

Di’s brother-in-law.

Sister-in-law of Si Mufu.

The abbreviation of Disi and sister-in-law.

Ya, brother-in-law (brother-in-law, brother-in-law), Liangqiao and son-in-law call each other.

Miscellaneous talks on the titles of relatives in ancient and modern times

How to call your relatives. When calling your relatives, we often hear or see "home, house, dead, first, dog, small "These few words.

Jia is used to refer to living relatives who are higher or older than oneself, with a humble and ordinary meaning. For example, you call your father as family father, family strictness, mother as family mother, family kindness, father-in-law as family father-in-law, grandfather as family ancestor, as well as family brother, family sister-in-law, etc.

She is used to humbly refer to relatives who are younger than oneself, such as brother-in-law, sister-in-law, nephew-in-law, relative-in-law, but it does not say son-in-law or daughter-in-law.

It first contains feelings of nostalgia and sorrow, and is a respectful title for the deceased elders. For example, the father who has passed away is called "Xian father", "Xianren", "Xianyan" and "Xiankao", and the mother is called "Xianmu" and "Xiankao". *, celestial beings, calling grandfathers ancestors, etc.

Death is a term used to refer to a deceased person, such as a deceased sister or a deceased son. A deceased husband, wife, or close friend may also be called deceased husband, deceased wife, or deceased friend.

In the old days, dogs were used to refer modestly to their children who were young and inexperienced in the world, such as dog son, dog girl, etc.

小 is a modest word often used to address oneself to others, such as calling one's own children Xiaoer, Xiaonv, etc.

The six kinds of relatives are the six kinds of relatives. There have always been different opinions about the six relatives, which generally include the following. One theory refers to father and son, brothers, sisters, nephews, concubines, and in-laws. The second term refers to father and son, brother, and couple. The three refers to parents, brothers, and wives. The four theories refer to parents, brothers, brothers from father, brothers from ancestors, brothers from great-grandfathers, and brothers from the same clan. Five theories refer to father, mother, brother, younger brother, wife, and son, which are relatively popular in modern times. In modern Chinese, six relatives also generally refer to relatives.

The ranking of brothers in ancient times was represented by Bo, Zhong, Shu and Ji. Bo was the eldest, Zhong was the second, Shu was the third and Ji was the youngest. The father's elder brother was called "Uncle", the father's second brother was called "Zhongfu", the Zhongfu's brother was called "Uncle", and the youngest uncle was called "Ji's father". Later, all the father's brothers were collectively called "Uncle".

The titles of wives in ancient and modern times. We now call a man’s spouse his wife. From ancient times to the present, there have been nearly forty different names for wives.

Xiaojun Xijun was first called the wife of a prince, and later became a general term for wives.

Queen The emperor’s wife.

Zitong is the emperor’s name for the queen.

Madam. In ancient times, the wives of princes were called madam. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the wives of first- and second-rank officials were called madam. In modern times, it is used as a respectful address to the wives of ordinary people. Now it is mostly used in diplomatic situations.

Jing’s Wife: In the old days, people would humbly call their wives, and they would also call them Jingren, Jingshi, Jingfu, Zhuojing, and Shanjing. *Jing means poverty.

Niangzi is the general name used by the ancients for their wives.

Zhuchang describes a wife who is in trouble when she is poor.

Wife used to call others one’s wife. In written language, they are also called concubines and concubines. Respectfully address someone else's wife as a virtuous wife.

In the old days, the wife of a businessman was called the "inside shopkeeper", and some also called the "inside manager".

Mrs. In the old society, officials' wives were generally called "ma'am", or powerful and wealthy people called their wives "ma'am". Nowadays, it means respect, such as "your wife is here."

Wife refers to wife and children. In the early days, there were "wife" and "wife house", and they were also called wives alone. In order to show their love, some people often called them good wives and loving wives in their letters.

Laobaner refers to one party of an elderly couple, usually the woman.

Niens, mother-in-law, mother-in-law. In some places, wives are called women, mother-in-law, or mother-in-law.

Tang Ke In some places in the south of the Yangtze River, the wife is commonly called a hall guest.

Daughter-in-law is generally called daughter-in-law in rural areas of Henan.

Wife is a common name in northern urban and rural areas, mostly used in spoken language.

Lao Ai Because it is too vulgar to call your wife and difficult to pronounce to call your lover, a compromise method is called Lao Ai.

Continuing the marriage means remarrying after the death of the wife.

The people in the house and the cook are all dialect terms for the wife.

Women In some rural areas, wives are called women, or children’s mother.

Lover is how men and women call each other.

Youke is a term used for wives in the mountainous areas of Hubei and western Hubei.

Buddy, partner are common names for wives in modern cities.

In addition, in the old days, concubines were called "side nephew", "side wife", "Xiao Xing", "Mrs. Jia", "Fu Jun", etc.

The titles of couples in ancient and modern times

The titles of couples in ancient and modern times include Jiefa, Yuanyang, husband and wife, spouse, partner, couple, Qin and Jin, hundred years of love, etc.

"Yuanyang" originally refers to brothers. In ancient my country, Yuanyang was compared to brothers. Mandarin ducks are originally birds of the same fate, and they live in two places, so the ancients used them to describe brotherly harmony and friendship. Later, the use of mandarin ducks to compare couples began with Lu Zhaolin of the Tang Dynasty.

In ancient my country, people who got married when they were young were called knots. Later, "hair knot" was used as marriage, referring to the first couple.

Quiz on “husband” Husband did not refer to a woman’s spouse in ancient times. In ancient times, when a man was twenty years old, he was crowned as husband. This was an ancient etiquette. In addition, in ancient times, a burly man with a height of eight feet was called a husband. At the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the meaning of "husband" expanded to include not only adult men, but also male children and even male infants.

A short talk about "Niangzi" Niangzi is a term of endearment given by a husband to his wife. Before the Yuan Dynasty, it was wrong to call his wife "Niangzi". Before the Song Dynasty, "lady" specifically referred to an unmarried girl, which is the same as today's girl.

In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong doted on Concubine Yang. Concubine Yang had an unparalleled status in the harem and was known as the "Lady" in the palace. The word "lady" here obviously does not refer to a young girl, but it cannot be understood as a title for a wife.

By the Yuan Dynasty, married women were generally called "ladies" in society. By the Ming Dynasty, it was generally customary to call young women "lady", with a connotation of endearment.

With the popularity of calling wives "Mother", women in general are also called "Mother". For example, midwives are called "Mother", witches are called "Master's Wife", and women are called "Hua". They refer to women whose relationship between men and women are unclear as "husband's wife", and despise women as "mother-in-law", etc. They are generally called "women".

"father-in-law" now usually refers to father-in-law. But in ancient times, "father-in-law" did not only refer to father-in-law. There are four main ways to say "father-in-law": first, "father-in-law" is a respectful name for the elderly and seniors; second, "father-in-law" refers to the parent or master; third, "father-in-law" is a woman's name for her husband; fourth, "Zhaoren" means father-in-law.