How did Cao Cao plunder half the population of Hanzhong?

During the Three Kingdoms period, a large number of people in Hanzhong were forcibly moved to Guanzhong and Luoyang by Cao Cao. This history is recorded in Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and Biography of the Three Kingdoms of Zhang Lu. In the early 20th year of Jian 'an, Cao led He Junda's 100,000-strong army to attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. March into Chencang. In May, Dou Maozhong, the monarch of Hechi in Wudu, had more than 10,000 people. After a fierce battle, Cao Jun conquered Hechi and opened the road to the south. In July, Cao Cao's main force arrived in Yangpingguan, Mianxian County.

At this point, Zhang Lu's younger brother Zhang Qian led general Yang Ang and other 50,000 military forces, relying on the dangerous terrain between the northern and southern mountains of Yangpingguan, and built more than ten miles of fortifications. In June, we had a rest and started a storm. Because of the dangerous terrain and solid defense, Cao Jun made no progress in attacking for several days. Cao Cao pretended to retreat to paralyze the defending Zhang Lu troops.

Sure enough, Zhang Qian and others learned that Jun could not attack, and they had retreated across the board, and let their guard down. So Cao Cao sent troops to attack at night. By chance, thousands of Ye Mi were driven to the camp in Wei Zhang halfway, which caused damage to his fortifications. Jun took advantage of beating gongs and drums, took advantage of it, and gave Andy the illusion that the main force of Jun had broken through all the lines. Andy abandoned the array and fled. The history book says this battle: "The sky is full of Wei and Lu is self-sufficient, so it is decided." After conquering yangguan. Hanzhong is in danger. Zhang Lu decided to flee to Ba County. Before leaving, someone suggested burning down warehouses in Hanzhong and other places, but Zhang Lu thought, "I wanted to go back to China, but I didn't. Today's departure, avoiding sharp edges, is not malicious. The treasure house belongs to the country. " So all the warehouses were sealed and left intact to Cao Cao. Cao Cao occupied Hanzhong without bloodshed.

After Baqi's surnames were Pu Hu, Wang Yi, Du Fu and Hou Yi, Ba Yi people attached it, and Ba County officially belonged to Cao Cao. So Cao Cao enfeoffed Ba County, Park Hu was the patriarch of Badong and Du Xun was the patriarch of Brazil. /kloc-in October, the Zhang Lu family returned from Bazhong. Cao Cao felt that Zhang Lu had given up Hanzhong, leaving a lot of food and property. He appointed him as the general of Zhennan, treated him with courtesy, made Zhang Lu a doctor, owned ten thousand grain cities, and married Zhang Lu as his children's in-laws. Post-religious believers therefore called Zhang Lu "Zhang Zhennan". At this point, the battle of Hanzhong finally came to an end. The 9-month campaign from March to June165438+1October wiped out Zhang Lu Group in Hanzhong and Doumao in Wudu, and controlled Longnan, southern Shaanxi and northern Bashu.

This expedition should be the last time in Cao Cao's life to open up territory. The capture of Hanzhong laid the foundation for Cao Wei to recover Bashu later. In December, General Cao Cao left for the West to station troops in Hanzhong in the summer, worshipped the military affairs of Prime Minister Du Liuhan, and led the army north to Yecheng. Before leaving, Cao Cao accepted the advice of Zhang Jian, the secretariat of Yongzhou. In order to prevent Zhang Lu from making a comeback, "Mao pulled tens of thousands of people from Hanzhong and took Chang 'an and Sanfu. "In addition to taking Zhang Lujia away, Cao Cao also forcibly moved tens of thousands of Hanzhong people to Chang 'an, Luoyang and Yecheng. Since then, Du has immigrated 80,000 people from Han. At that time, many Taoists were willing to migrate with Zhang Lu. At this point, "Hanzhong people were halved", and Cao Cao captured a large number of people from Hanzhong twice. After Liu Bei won the land of Hanzhong, he lost valuable human resources.