China's missiles

From scratch, from weak to strong, China's space missile industry has created new China firsts one after another. In the 50-year journey, it is either an epic legend or a down-to-earth struggle. Liu Erqi, dean of the Third Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Industry Group, the birthplace of China's aviation industry, recently told the media that China's aviation missile industry has core competitiveness in weapon system research and development, system testing and system integration, and has core technologies in more than 10 professional fields.

In the future, the development strategy of China's air-to-air missile industry has been established in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and before 2030, and the transformation and upgrading of missile weapons and equipment system will be promoted around the three major areas of air-to-air missiles and drones.

A huge missile family has been formed.

Black boy weapon ...

The growth of China's cruise missile industry is closely related to these three words.

There is a model story that pilots often mention.

1984, in the military parade of the 35th anniversary of the founding of New China, China's new generation of flying missiles appeared in the naval phalanx in front of Tiananmen Square. Slender body, small wings and ribbed tail, the foreign military attache at Tiananmen Gate exclaimed, "Flying fish! Flying fish! "

This cruise missile, named "China Flying Fish", is a ship-to-ship missile of China-Eagle Strike 8. When I attended an international exhibition in Australia, some people wondered whether it was made by China people themselves. Academician Liang Shouyun replied in English: "Of course, this is designed and manufactured by ourselves! I can also tell you that it flies farther than the French' flying fish'! " The missile was launched in an exhibition in Thailand and hit the target ship in one fell swoop, causing a sensation in Thailand.

This small flying missile, known as "Linglong Generation", uses a solid motor, is small in size and light in weight, flies over the sea at ultra-low altitude, has good anti-wave and anti-electronic interference performance, and can drill into the belly of enemy ships and explode.

Such a model, dubbed "Little Black", was successfully tested by the method of "making a picnic with bricks and pots".

1On an unforgettable day in June, 973, the prototype of "Xiao erhei" main engine was successfully developed, but the supporting test bench was not built, and the ignition test began in the open air in the ravine.

In the barren ditch in the northwest corner of the Third Institute of Aerospace, there are several wild elms and a ditch overgrown with thorns and weeds. Pull up weeds, dig a hole, bury the head of the engine in the ground and put its burning ass in the air. In order to prevent it from shaking, fix it on two trees with wire.

With the continuous efforts of scientific researchers and the cooperation of all aspects, the solid motor with small thrust and long time has finally been successfully developed, which greatly exceeds the design requirements. With the gradual victory of the engine, "Xiao erhei" finally has a formal "hukou". At this time, other systems of the whole missile have also entered the decisive battle stage.

In order to avoid the eyes of enemy ships' radar, small missiles should fly close to the water. It must overcome the interference of complex electric waves and various radio waves, otherwise it will be difficult to find the target and become a headless arrow. Radar experts who undertake this task, after completing various indoor and land tests, went to Flower and Bird Mountain with equipment and products on their shoulders during the Spring Festival. Flower and Bird Mountain is a beautiful name, but it is not a tourist attraction, and experts have no leisure at that time, because the wind and waves there are the biggest during the Spring Festival. If the terminal guidance radar can withstand the test of the wind and waves there, other wind and waves will not be a problem. Scientific and technical personnel overcame the stormy waves and all kinds of unimaginable difficulties, and finally developed a small terminal guidance radar comparable to similar products in the world.

If the new terminal guidance radar can overcome all kinds of interference in low-altitude flight and accurately capture the target, it is necessary to rely on the altimeter of the pilot system to ensure that the "small flight" can fluctuate with the waves like a surfer. No wind, three-foot waves, and storms. Altimeter is to make the missile fly close to the waves, always keep a certain distance from the water surface, and safely hide in the radar blind area of the enemy ship until it goes deep into the belly of the enemy ship.

After hard work, the control experts seemed to have no problem in the research and experiment before the altimeter was finalized, but when they loaded the warship and sailed into the sea for the finalization experiment, the first shot hit the target, but the second and third shots failed one after another and were swallowed up by the waves. The mood of the control experts is particularly heavy.

Mr. Yao, then the chief designer, listened to various opinions and read various reports, and thought that the harsh vibration environment in missile flight was the key factor that caused the failure of components and led to flight failure. He suggested strengthening earthquake prevention measures.

Yao Shaofu, 1959 graduated from China Academy of Engineering of Moscow Institute of Power, and served as the main technical work of many models. He made important contributions to the demonstration and decision-making of "Xiao erhei". All the test teams withdrew to Beijing from the coast of the Yellow Sea, and organized the full-bomb vibration environment test according to General Yao's opinion. It turns out that General Yao's speculation is correct. According to the test results, the control system is newly equipped with anti-vibration measures such as high damping vibration reduction equipment, and all the ex-factory test bombs are reformed. After some efforts, Xiao erhei finally achieved the record of hitting the target, passed the finalization test, and promoted the maturity of China's cruise missile technology.

The difficulty of starting a business did not stop the pilots from serving the country. From imitation, modified development, independent development to innovation, pilots have developed more than ten series and dozens of missile weapons and equipment, forming a huge aviation missile family.

On the 60th anniversary of the National Day parade in 2009, a cruise missile of China made a wonderful appearance, which realized the leap-forward development of China's long-range precision strike capability.

The combination of national defense technology and civil technology is developing.

In 2008, the Third Academy of Aerospace undertook the task of developing the torch for the 29th Beijing Olympic Games, and successfully lit Mount Everest.

In 2009, we successfully won the bid for the C9 19 domestic large aircraft project, and after 20 10 years, the fuselage section samples were successfully rolled off the assembly line.

20 10 after making outstanding contributions to the security work of the Beijing Olympic Games, the security instrument actively participated in the Shanghai World Expo and the Guangzhou Asian Games.

……

In recent years, the research on key technologies and core technologies of dual-use military and civilian has become an important sideline of China's missile industry.

On 201010 June 18, two technicians from the Third Institute of Aerospace went to Zhouqu, Gansu Province to install a landslide monitoring and early warning system for the disaster area. Even if the mountain has a small displacement of 1 mm, it can be monitored and reported in time.

In fact, the products of this system have played an important role in the rescue of Tangjiashan dammed lake in Wenchuan earthquake.

Are natural dams strong? Can large-scale engineering mechanical energy dig diversion grooves on the dam? If there is no conclusive basis, the dam body should be at least150m high, so it is very risky to scour the dam. But as we all know, inclinometers that meet the requirements can only be produced abroad.

At this point, relevant experts pointed out: if you have difficulties, look for aerospace! After receiving the urgent letter for help, the Third Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology rushed out five inclinometers overnight and airlifted them to the disaster area for donation. The monitoring data of inclinometer of Tangjiashan dammed lake shows that the dam is stable and large construction machinery can pass smoothly. This laid an important foundation for large-scale construction machinery to dig diversion grooves on the dam, and then laid an important foundation for completely solving the thorny problem of dammed lakes. At present, the system has been successfully applied to land monitoring, water conservancy and hydropower, transportation, open pit mines and tailings.

Micro gas turbine power station is a special support project for major industrial technology development of the National Development and Reform Commission, which was started by the Third Hospital in 2008 after the ice and snow disaster. It is green, only the size of a two-door refrigerator, can provide 30 kilowatts of electricity, and can work continuously for more than 4 years. It takes only 3 seconds to take all kinds of fuels and digest them into electric energy. At present, the micro gas turbine electromechanical station has granted more than 10 patents, which truly owns independent intellectual property rights and has strong market competitiveness. It can be used not only as emergency power supply in important places, but also in field operations such as geological exploration and mining, as well as in vast frontier and remote areas, and is known as the "Hercules" of disaster relief.

Nine days on the moon is the dream of many people and teenagers in China.

On the Shenzhou VII spacecraft, the flexible accelerometer manufactured by the Third Academy of Aerospace is a high-tech product. By measuring the instantaneous acceleration of the spacecraft's return capsule at any time, the flight speed and accurate position of the return capsule can be calculated, so as to control the return capsule to fly according to the predetermined instructions and help the spacecraft's return capsule land at the predetermined position.

While helping space exploration, the people of the Third Hospital are also actively involved in the aviation field. After several rounds of competition, they have become the only C9 19 large passenger aircraft fuselage structure supplier in the aerospace system, undertaking four work packages: winglet, aileron, spoiler and coccyx. In May 2009, the Third Hospital signed an agreement with China Commercial Aircraft Corporation to start joint design and AS9 100 quality system certification, and officially started the project development. At present, the samples of the rear fuselage section of C9 19 large passenger aircraft are successfully rolled off the assembly line as scheduled.

The military technology of the Third Hospital is also actively applied to petroleum equipment.

Fiber optic gyro inclinometer is an essential key instrument for measuring borehole trajectory in oil drilling and production industry. The development of this kind of equipment needs to rely on advanced fiber optic gyro technology. Foreign countries have blocked our technology for a long time. After obtaining the task of manufacturing fiber optic gyro inclinometer for Liaohe Oilfield, the Third Institute of Aerospace successfully developed a small dual-axis fiber optic gyro inclinometer with independent intellectual property rights by overcoming the problem of miniaturization of "military gyro".

In fact, the Third Institute of Aerospace is not a "new face" in the field of high-end petroleum geological equipment. As early as the end of last century, they applied inertial technology to the field of petroleum geological equipment. "Compared with the traditional pumping unit, the composite permanent magnet motor pumping unit we developed and produced saves more than 50% electricity on average, with simple structure, convenient installation and remote control." Leaders of Inertia Company of Third Hospital talk about products. TLX series gyro continuous inclinometer, CLJ ultrasonic flowmeter, fixed inclinometer, inertial pipeline mapping system and other products have been put into the market and won favorable comments.

At present, the Third Hospital is tackling key problems while drilling for LWD wireless geo-steering system. This product is a high-end product in the field of petroleum instruments, which can guide the drill bit to drill along the oil layer and transform the traditional "fixed target" drilling into "moving target" drilling, and is known as the "ground-penetrating missile" in the petroleum industry. At present, there is no similar equipment in China, while foreign LWD products only provide high-cost services in China without selling products. Relying on the research foundation of military inertial control technology and petroleum equipment, the Third Hospital invested in the development of LWD system. The successful development of this project will reverse the technology monopoly of foreign manufacturers.

The Third Institute of Aerospace participated in major national projects such as manned spaceflight project, lunar exploration project, large aircraft, high-grade CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment, and a new generation of broadband wireless mobile communication network, and independently developed a number of technological innovation projects such as micro gas turbine power station, geological disaster monitoring and early warning system, full-power wind power converter, impulse voltage generator, high-performance aerogel and unmanned aerial vehicle. Through the conversion from military to civilian, the innovation has been intensified, the technology monopoly has been broken, and the domestic application of many key technologies in many fields has been realized.

Some people, those things

Thousands of miles through the mountains, Mobei South Xinjiang gallops.

For more than ten years since the new model was developed, it is common to go to the shooting range in the depths of Gobi to do experiments. One autumn, a certain type of test bomb entered the scene. Because I can't apply for a special train, I can only drag seven or eight self-provided cars on the westbound freight train, and my entourage is on duty 24 hours a day. In a small station in Gansu Province, the truck in front has to take different routes, and its own car is unloaded on the platform, so it is necessary to transfer to another train, but the two trains are not on the same track, so the resources of the station are limited, and there is no extra locomotive to assist in transshipment. Time was pressing, and the test team began to push the train.

"Birth and death", the mantra of Academician Liu Yongcai, the chief engineer of a certain model, is almost tragic. This senior expert with numerous honors has an old problem of stomach bleeding, and his stomach has been removed by three quarters. In an on-site operation, he failed to return to the station for dinner in time at noon. As a result, his stomach trouble recurred, he was bleeding heavily and was dying. Due to limited conditions, the local hospital could not treat him. The military rushed him back to Beijing by helicopter. When he entered the operating room, his blood pressure had dropped to zero, and he finally saved his life after the full rescue of experts. Nevertheless, Mr. Liu never regarded himself as a patient, but often overloaded with model development.

For the development of a certain model, how many times I ran back and forth, how many times I burned the midnight oil, and how many times I stayed up all night, the total number of times Liu was countless. After more than ten years of hard work, the development of this model finally ushered in the spring, and the flight tests were successful one after another, successfully entering the finalization stage.

In the Gobi desert in April, the wind was blowing hard and the yellow sand was flying. Chief engineer Yang Baokui led the team members to stand at the test site for several hours. When others advised him to go back to the car to have a rest, he stubbornly shook his head. One night, it rained heavily. He put on a poncho and rode his bike to listen to the zero-point report. When he arrived at the office, he was soaked to the skin. Every day is morning, noon and evening, and after a hundred days, I lost more than ten kilograms. However, the subsequent experiment played a joke on Yang Baokui. In the experiment, the flight state is very good, but nothing can be seen on the screen of the monitoring hall. Yang Baokui's heart jumped into his throat. Without saying a word, he stepped out of the hall, jumped in the car and rushed to the target. When he saw that he hit the target and went through it, he suddenly sat down on the ground.

Pilots pay not only hard work, but even their lives for the cause of flying missiles in the motherland and for building a weapon to defend their country and resist the enemy.

1995 national day, Liu binsheng, a senior engineer who participated in the development of a key model, returned home for the last time. Long business trips and intense work made him feel exhausted. His wife repeatedly advised him to go to the hospital for examination. "Wait until you are busy with this paragraph!" Liu Binsheng perfunctory past. At this time, his mind is full of work. After staying in Beijing for less than a week, Liu Binsheng couldn't sit still any longer and boarded the train going north again. After finishing in Shenyang, he flew to Zhuzhou non-stop. 165438+1On the afternoon of October 5, Liu Binsheng felt that his chest tightness was obviously aggravated, but the unbearable chest pain did not stop him from working. After discussing the day's work with colleagues, Liu Binsheng returned to his room. He is so tired that he wants to lie down and sleep for a while. After a few minutes, his breathing became more and more rapid. /kloc-around 0/8: 35, the medical staff rushed in, and a colleague fell to his knees: "Please, help him, we can't do without him!" He's a good man! "... however, the cry of his comrades did not save Liu Binsheng's life. In a foreign land, a pilot left. ...