Can anyone tell us the history of Macao in recent decades?

Macao returned to the motherland on 1999120 February, and the cause of China's reunification took another step forward, leaving only the corner of Taiwan Province province.

With the return of Macao, readers want to know the history and economic status of Macao. According to the information, it is summarized as follows:

( 1)

Macao area includes Macao Peninsula, Yishuizi Island in the south and Coloane Island, with a total area of 23.5 square kilometers and a population of more than 400,000. From the map, Macau is like a lotus, blooming at the southern tip of the Pearl River Delta in China. Far from Hong Kong in the east, 42 nautical miles apart; The northern part is connected with Zhuhai, Guangdong, by land and sea, and directly connected to the mainland.

Macao was called "Grand View Macao" in ancient times. According to cultural relics research, as early as 6,000 years ago in prehistoric times, Chinese mainland residents had moved to Macau. By the Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-206 BC), China was unified, and Macau was formally incorporated into the territory of Panyu County, Nanhai County. About16th century ago, local fishermen built the "Tian Fei Temple" for the safe return of Poseidon and Tian Fei from the sea. Locals call it "Marco Temple", and the transliteration of the Portuguese word "Macao" comes from "Marco Temple".

/kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, the Portuguese armed fleet broke into Macau and its adjacent waters and triggered the "Battle of Tuen Mun", but was repelled by the defenders of China. 1535 (Ming Jiajing 14), the Ming government moved the Municipal Participating State Company (the trade management authority) to Macao, allowing foreign merchant ships such as Portugal to trade in the waters near Macao. 1553, Wang Bai, deputy envoy of Ming Hai Dao, accepted a bribe of 500 taels from a Portuguese businessman, and approved the Portuguese request to go ashore on the grounds of drying flooded goods. Since then, Portuguese people have lived in Macao, and corrupt officials have taken bribes 19 years. 1572, when Portuguese businessmen paid bribes, because other officials of the Ming Dynasty were present, corrupt officials lied about paying rent and demanded an increase of 65,440 taels. The Portuguese built cities and walls in inhabited villages in Macao, expanded their living areas, and implemented Portuguese-style political and legal systems in the leased land. At the same time, the Ming and Qing governments exercised sovereignty in Macao in various forms, effectively managed the Portuguese and collected taxes, which lasted for nearly 300 years.

1840 after the opium war, Portugal took advantage of the defeat of the Qing government to make territorial claims to the Qing dynasty, but failed to do so, so it launched an armed attack. 1849, the Portuguese army attacked the Macao customs station, destroyed the yamen in Xiangshan County, expelled the officers and men of the Qing army, refused to pay the land rent and occupied the Macao Peninsula. 185 1 occupied kouzi island, and 1864 gradually occupied the whole of macau.

1887, Portugal and the Qing government of China signed the unequal Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade, forcing the Qing government to allow Portugal to "permanently administer Macao". However, after many talks, no agreement has been reached on the demarcation issues involved in the treaty. 1928, when the Sino-Portuguese treaty of friendship and trade expired for the fourth time, the Kuomintang government of China sent a note to the Portuguese government, announcing the suspension of the treaty and signing a new Sino-Portuguese treaty of friendship and trade. The new treaty does not mention the Macao issue, and the status quo of Portugal's occupation of Macao has not changed.

1949 after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the government of China announced that it would not recognize all the unequal treaties imposed by imperialism on the people of China. 1955, Portugal promulgated the Organic Law of Macao's Overseas Provinces, and regarded Macao as its "overseas colony" without authorization. The representative of China sent a letter to the UN Decolonization Committee, indicating the principled position of the China government on the issues of Hongkong and Macau. 1972165438+10 In October, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution with an absolute advantage of 99 votes to 5 votes, removing Hong Kong and Macao from the list of world colonies. 1974, an anti-fascist coup took place in Portugal, and Macao was recognized as the territory of China. 1976 renounced all overseas colonies and recognized Macao as the territory of China. 1979 promulgated the Constitution of Macao, stipulating that Macao is a special administrative region under the administration of Portugal and enjoys administrative, economic, financial and legislative autonomy. 1February 8, 979, China and Portugal reached an understanding when they established diplomatic relations, confirming that Macao is the territory of China and is currently under the jurisdiction of Portugal; It will be settled through friendly negotiation in due course.

1984 After the settlement of the Hong Kong issue, the Macao issue was put on the agenda. From June 65438 to June 1986, China and Portugal started negotiations on the Macao issue, and held four rounds of negotiations in March 1987.

1987 On April 13, the official signing ceremony of the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. The two prime ministers signed a joint statement on behalf of their respective governments, and Deng Xiaoping personally attended the signing ceremony. After the signing of the Joint Declaration, the parliaments of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), China and Portugal approved it in June of that year and June of 10 respectively.

China insists on resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Macao at the end of this century, and denies that Portugal hopes to return Macao to China in the next century, that is,19965438+February 3 1. Under the influence of China's firm stance, the Portuguese Supreme State Council studied and accepted China's suggestion that 65438+February 20th is the exact date for Macao's sovereignty to return to China. And written into the Sino-Portuguese joint statement.

(2)

Macao consists of three parts: Macao Peninsula, Macao Island and Coloane Island. Located in the southwest of the Pearl River Estuary, backed by the Pearl River Delta, it is 40 nautical miles away from Hong Kong across the Pearl River Estuary in the east, facing Zhuhai Wanchai across the water in the west and bordering Zhuhai Gongbei in the north. Macao's topography is high in the south and low in the north, and it is mainly composed of low hills peacefully. * Tsai Island is south of the Macao Peninsula, which is connected by two bridges. The roundabout is in the south of the island and is connected by a seawall road. Macao is located in the low latitude area south of the Tropic of Cancer, close to the coast. Its climate is characterized by high temperature, rainy, hot and humid, with obvious wet and dry seasons, and the annual average temperature is 22.3℃. At present, Macao has a total area of about 23.5 square kilometers and a population of about 450,000, of which Chinese account for about 97% of the total population, and Portuguese aborigines and Portuguese people account for about 3%.

Before the 1960s, Macao's economy was very weak. Since the early 1970s, Macao has taken advantage of its low wages and cheap land to enjoy textile quotas in European and American markets, attracting industrial capital investment from Hong Kong, and gradually formed an export processing industry with textiles, electronic toys and plastic flowers as the main body, which has gradually become Macao's four economic pillars along with tourism, entertainment, construction and real estate, and finance and insurance. During the 65,438+00 years from the 1970s to the early 1980s, Macao's economy grew at an average annual rate of more than double digits, making it one of the fastest growing regions in Asia. 1998 Macao's GDP reached 59.4 billion yuan (MOP, the same below), and its per capita GDP was about18,000 US dollars. The total foreign trade was 32.6 billion yuan, of which 654.38+0.7 billion yuan was imported and 654.38+0.56 billion yuan was exported. The fiscal revenue of the Macao government is 6,543.8+007 billion yuan, and the fiscal expenditure is 6,543.8+006 billion yuan. The foreign exchange reserve is 654.38+09.6 billion yuan. At present, the tourism and gambling industry is the largest industry in Macao, accounting for about 42% of the GDP. In terms of intellectual property protection, Macao has a trademark law and is considering enacting a patent law.

Due to geographical and historical reasons, the economic and cultural ties between Macao and Hong Kong have been very close. Macao depends on Hong Kong, and Hong Kong also uses Macao. Since the reform and opening up, Macao and the mainland have become increasingly close. With the approach of reunification, the "China factor" has a greater and greater impact on Macao's economy. At present, there are more than 200 Chinese companies in Australia, most of which are engaged in finance, construction, tourism and trade.

There are three kinds of formal schools in Macao: government, government and private. At present, there are more than 80 primary and secondary schools with more than 88,000 students. There are four institutions of higher learning, including the University of Macau, Macau Institute of Technology, Open University of Asia (International) and security forces institutions of higher learning, the most famous of which is the University of Macau. There are 8 Chinese daily newspapers and 4 Portuguese newspapers in Macao. Macao Television Broadcasting Co., Ltd., which is controlled by the government, has Chinese and Portuguese TV and radio channels. Macao has a long history of religions, including Catholicism, Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam and Baha 'i.