Russian Infiltration in Wulianghai

/kloc-from the beginning of the 7th century to the 1970s, Russia sent envoys to the Tangnu Wulianghai area many times in an attempt to lure and entrust special forces to surrender to Russia, which was the beginning of Russian forces' entry into the Tangnu Wulianghai area. 1727, through negotiations, the Qing Dynasty signed the Blenski Border Treaty with Russia, which demarcated the Sino-Russian border east of Sabindabaha in the northern part of the Tangnu Wulianghai area, and stopped Russia's open expansion to the Komuzik River basin and its eastern Tangnu Wulianghai area. However, Russia's ambition to expand into the Tangnu Wulianghai region has not disappeared. Instead, it continues to expand from the west to the Tangnu Wulianghai region by taking advantage of the long-term undefined Sino-Russian border west of Sabindabaha. 1860, Russia used the opportunity of the Second Opium War to force the Qing Dynasty to sign the Beijing Treaty. On this basis, in 1864, the Qing dynasty was forced to sign the northwest boundary agreement and invade the Ha River area in A Mu, west of the Tangnu Wulianghai area. During the period of 1869, representatives of China and Russia established the jiepai Expo in the western part of the Tangnu Wulianghai area and signed the Wulantai Border Treaty, which completely demarcated the border between China and Russia in this area.

Although the Ha River area in A Mu was occupied by Russia, the Tangnu Wuliang River Basin, south of Sayan Ridge and east of Sabindabaha-Bogosuke Line, is still the territory of China. Russia began to change its strategy and infiltrated into the Tangnu Wulianghai area through predatory trade, illegal gold mining and illegal immigration. In the face of Russian infiltration, although the people of Tangnurianghai constantly put forward resistance struggle, the resistance did not contain the Russian infiltration momentum. By the end of the Qing Dynasty 19 1 1 year, there were 80 Russian businesses and mines in the Tangnu Wulianghai area, and there were more than 5,000 immigrants in the residential area 166. It has been confirmed that Usinsk is under the management of border officials. 19 12, the crisis of outer Mongolia independence appeared in northern Xinjiang, and its influence also spread to the Tangnu Wulianghai area. At the beginning of the same year, at the instigation of Russian businessmen, there was a robbery of mainland businessmen in the Tangnu Wulianghai area, and mainland businessmen fled the area one after another. In February, with the encouragement and support of Russia, Kampot Dolzi, deputy commander of Tangnu Banner, announced that its three banners were independent under the protection of Russia, and requested Russia to send troops to occupy various important places in Tangnu Wuliang Sea Area. Kampot Dorg's traitorous behavior was not recognized by his subordinates. Salajik and Jin Tuo Banner showed strong opposition, but they listened to the appeal of the rebel group of Zhebuzundanba in outer Mongolia. Although the change of the situation provided opportunities for Russia, Tangnurianghai Banner's participation in the outer Mongolian rebel group disrupted Russia's plan to annex the Tangnurianghai area, because Russia wanted to occupy the area directly, not make it independent.

19 13, Russia did not agree to the request to send troops, but sent officials to step up the implementation of the immigration plan in an attempt to actually occupy the Tangnu Wulianghai area. Since then, Russian immigrants have increased rapidly at an unprecedented rate, and Russian police have also been sent to the region. At the same time, threats and inducements were used to force Donuu Liang Hai Banner to submit a protection application to Russia. 19 14 in July, Russia decided to protect the flag of Liang Hai in Donuu, appointed Grigorev as the Commissioner for Coastal Affairs in Liang Hai, and began to take various measures to establish rule in Liang Hai in Donuu, becoming a de facto colony of Russia.

19 16 years, Russian colonial rule was resisted by Liang Hai people in Tangnu, and the general manager of Kemuqike Banner sent someone to the central government of China for help. 19 17, the government of the Republic of China decided to set up an assistant Commissioner in the Tangnu Wulianghai area, but due to the weakness of the government, negotiations with Russia were fruitless. The October Revolution in Russia did not shake the colonial rule of the old Russian forces in the Tangnu Wulianghai area, but it provided an opportunity for the China government to recover the area. 19 18, the China municipal government sent researcher Yan into the Tangnu Wulianghai area. The following year, Yan Chaoyue was appointed as the Commissioner of Zuo Li in Tanggu. Although China's army was blocked by the old Russian army, China finally recovered the four flags, including Tang Nuu, and the whole territory of Tang Nuu Liang Hai was brought under the direct jurisdiction of the central government. 192 1 In August, East Nu Liang Hai declared independence and established the Republic of East Nu Tuva; In September of the same year, the Soviet Union announced that it would not regard Donutwa as its own territory;

1In July, 925, the Soviet Union signed a friendly treaty with the Tangut Republic to establish diplomatic relations, but actually controlled the operation of the people's political power;

1926165438+10, Tangut Tuwa was renamed as Tuwa People's Republic and the Constitution was promulgated;

From 1928- 1929, the People's Revolutionary Party began to establish grass-roots organizations and armies all over the country to cleanse and safeguard traditional right-wing leaders.

1930 launched an anti-feudal revolution, suppressed anti-government events by force, eliminated Lamaism, collectivized agriculture and animal husbandry, promoted new characters, and stopped using Mongolian;

1941June, announced to send troops to participate in the Soviet patriotic war;

1In August, 944, the special congress of Tuwa people and primary school Great Hural adopted a declaration, demanding that the Soviet Union accept Dongnu Liang Hai. In June of the same year, supreme soviet of the ussr decided to accept his request and merge into the Russian Federation as an autonomous republic.

At this point, Tang Nuu Liang Hai, which originally belonged to the sacred territory of China, disappeared from Chinese territory.