The main stream of Lishui River

Lishui is the smallest of the four major rivers in Hunan Province. The length of the river is less than half of the length of the Xiangjiang River, and the drainage area is only 1/5 of the Xiangjiang River. However, because the middle and upper reaches belong to the same heavy rainfall area as the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, There is a lot of precipitation. The runoff modulus is the highest in the province and it is famous for its rapid rise and fall of floods.

The main stream *** includes 326 rivers over 5 kilometers long, with a drainage area of ??18,496 square kilometers. The average annual flow rate at Shimen Sanjiangkou Station is 475 square meters/second, and the average river slope is 0.788‰, which is a mountain stream. Sex River. There are three sources of water in Lishui, namely north, middle and south. One source from the North comes out of Shanmujie, Wudaoshui Town, Sangzhi County, and the other comes out of Tiantangwo, Badagong Mountain in the northwest of Sangzhi County. The two meet at Wudaoshui and are generally considered to be the main source. Zhongyuan, also known as Lushui River, originates from the eastern foothills of Badagong Mountain in Sangzhi County. Its source is Fanshen Village, Da'an Township, Longshan County. It was considered to be the main source of Lishui around 2013; Nanyuan, also known as Shangdong River, originates from Yongshan Northeast of Longjiazhai, Shun County. The two sources in the south and middle meet at the mouth of Lianghe River, and then merge with the source in the north at Dagu Spring in Sangzhi County and Xiaomaoyan in Qiaozi Bay before flowing eastward. After the Sanyuan Meeting, it goes southeast through Sangzhi and Yongshun, then turns northeast from the border between Yongshun and Dayong, passes through Dayong, Cili, Shimen, Linli, Lixian, Jinshi and other counties and cities, and flows into the west from Xiaodukou. Qili Lake on Dongting.

Traditionally, Beiyuan is the starting point of the main stream, from the Beiyuan Sangzhi fir boundary to the Xiaodukou of Changdejin City where it enters Dongting Lake, with a total length of 388 kilometers; around 2013, the Zhongyuan Sangzhi fir boundary is the starting point. From the starting point of the main stream to the small ferry in Changdejin City where it enters Dongting Lake, the total length is 407 kilometers.

Upstream

The main stream of Lishui is upstream from the source of Beihe to Sangzhi City. The river is 96 kilometers long. There are many mountains on both sides of the bank. The peaks are between 1000 and 2000 meters. The mountains are deep and densely forested. , rainfall is abundant, with the annual rainfall being more than 1,600 millimeters; the basin has a large slope, with the average gradient of the river reaching 2.67‰; the river valley is deep, dangerous shoals are adjacent, and the water flow is rapid, and generally only a 2-ton boat can be navigable.

Middle Reaches

The middle reaches of Lishui River is from Sangzhi to Shimen. The river is 226 kilometers long and the average slope is 0.754‰. The river first runs from Sangzhi City in a south-south direction through the valley, to the east of Yongshun and Dayongsuo. It is blocked by the Wuling Mountains, so it makes a 90-degree turn along the Baojing-Cili fault zone. It flows along the northwest foot of the main vein of Wuling Mountain in a northeast-northeast direction. There are many steep ridges and hills on both sides, with canyons and basins alternating. Among them, Shangyan River, Zhongyan River, and Xiayan River belong to the deep canyon section, while towns such as Dayong, Xikou, Cili, and Shimen are all in the shape of beads along the river. in the basin.

From Sangzhi to Dayong, most of the Lishui River flows through limestone canyons, and the water flow is rapid. Above Dayong City, Lishui is connected to tributaries such as Houqiang River, Dayong River, and Maoxi (also known as Ganxi). From Dayong to Cili, the Lishui River joins the Jiudou River in the south of the Xikou, forming the Xikou-Ganyan mountain basin. From the northeast of Ganyan to Yanbodu, there is sometimes a narrow river section, and the water in Shadao Bay is deep and fast. Below Yanbodu, the terrain on both sides gradually changes from narrow to wide, entering the Cili Mountain Basin, and a relatively broad alluvial plain appears along the river. The main stream receives the largest tributary, Loushui, from the left bank in Cili County.

Below Cili County, there are cliffs and peaks on both sides of the river, and there are many canyons and rapids. It reaches the mouth of Sanjiang River in Shimen, where it receives the second largest tributary, the Jishui River, from the left bank.

Downstream

It is 66 kilometers from Shimen to Jin City and is the lower reaches of Lishui River. The mountains along the coast gradually become gentle. Except for some areas, the general altitude is between 35 and 80 meters. The average slope of the river is 0.204‰, gradually revealing an open plain landform. On the west side of Linli, the main stream of Lishui River was intercepted and the Qingshan Water Wheel Pumping Station was built, which can generate electricity and irrigate fields. From below Zhanggong Temple, the main stream of Lishui flows into Liyang Plain.

Weilu

The Xiaodukou of Jin City is called Lishui Weilu from now on, and is connected with Songzi River and Hudu River. From the small ferry to Qili Lake, the west branch of Songzi River merges into Haokou, and the Wuli River communicates with the middle branch of Songzi River. Qili Lake comes out of Shigui Mountain, passes through Haozi Port, and joins Songzi and Hudu at Lulinpu. They meet and flow into the West Dongting Lake. Part of Lishui flows into Muping Lake at Yaowan, and the main stream flows through Chileihong Road and Huangtubao River to the east and south Dongting respectively. The total length from Xiaodukou to Nanzui is 91.4 kilometers, and the river width is 1,200-5,000 meters.