Guo Cheng immigrated to Yongle for three years.

In the 11th year (135 1), the Red Scarf Army uprising broke out in May. The following year, Guo Zixing rallied and captured Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui). Soon, Zhu Yuanzhang, a poor farmer in Fengyang, Anhui Province, defected to Guo Zixing, made a meritorious military service, gained Guo Zixing's esteem and trust, and married Guo Zixing's adopted daughter. After that, Zhu Yuanzhang left Haozhou to develop his own power. In the 16th year of Zheng Zheng (1356), Zhu Yuanzhang led the troops to occupy Qing Ji (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), renamed Yingtianfu, and captured some surrounding military sites, thus gaining a firm foothold. In his early days, Zhu Yuanzhang "had less land and more food" and "fought alone", which was far less than other rebel forces and was in a very difficult situation. Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the advice of Zhu Sheng, a counselor, and said, "Build a high wall, accumulate grain widely, and slow down to be king.". After several years of hard work, Zhu Yuanzhang's military and economic strength has grown rapidly. 1360, Chen Youliang's troops suffered a great blow through the Poyang Lake water war. 1363, Chen Youliang's influence was completely eliminated. 1367, Zhu Yuanzhang captured Pingjiang (now Suzhou) and Zhang Shicheng committed suicide. Since then, Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Fang Guozhen, which was separated from the coastal areas of Zhejiang. /kloc-in the first month of 0/368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian and established the Ming Dynasty. Later, when the Yuan Dynasty was in conflict, the Northern Expedition and the Western Expedition were used. In the same year, Dadu (now Beijing) was captured, and the Yuan Dynasty withdrew from the Central Plains. Since then, Zhu Yuanzhang has continued to wipe out Ming Yu's earthquake forces in Sichuan and Liang Wang, while the Yuan Dynasty was holed up in Yunnan. He went deep into the desert and attacked Beiyuan. This is the beginning of the world.

Hongwu period

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, on the one hand, reduced the burden on farmers, resumed social and economic production, reformed the unreasonable bureaucratic system left over from the Yuan Dynasty, and punished corrupt officials, and achieved certain results. Zhu Yuanzhang established the Li Jia system, cooperated with the implementation of the yellow book and fish scale atlas of tax service, implemented tax service and maintained local public security. Zhu Yuanzhang made great contributions after pacifying the world. However, Zhu Yuanzhang was suspicious and suspicious of these heroes, fearing that they would bend the law and plot evil. And some heroes also crossed the etiquette and did evil. Zhu Yuanzhang took this opportunity to publicize two prisons, namely "Hulan Party Prison", which killed almost all the heroes.

Liao Yongzhong was the first person to be killed. Later, Zhu Liangzu, Li Wenzhong, and Xu Da (Xu Da died of illness in Ming history and Zhu Yuanzhang died in folklore) died one after another. Hu was the left prime minister of Zhongshu Province at that time and won the favor of Zhu Yuanzhang. So he became more and more domineering and didn't know how to avoid it. The important events of the throne in the DPRK must go through its hands first, and those that are not conducive to its throne must be hidden. At the same time, Hu wantonly accepted bribes. In the 13th year of Hongwu (1380), Zhu Yuanzhang killed Hu for bending the law, and also killed Chen Ning, Yu Shi Zhong Cheng Tu Jie and others. In the 23rd year of Hongwu, someone reported the traffic situation in Li Shanchang, so Li Shanchang, a Korean male, was sentenced to death and more than 70 people in his family were killed. In all, more than 30,000 people were implicated. Since then, Zhu Yuanzhang used the arrogance of General Aquamarine to kill him, and the clan killed more than 15,000 people. Together with the Air India case and the Guo Huan case, almost all the founding heroes were killed except Tanghe. Zhu Yuanzhang strengthened imperial power and suppressed freedom of speech by cracking down on heroes, spy surveillance and literary inquisition, which laid a curse for the dark politics of the Ming Dynasty.

The Battle of Jingnan and Yongle Period

Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty (reigned: 1402-1424), made Zhu Yuanzhang king, strengthened border defense and defended the throne. Among the kings, the northern kings are more powerful, mainly because of the frontier defense task for Mongolia. Among them, the Prince of Yan (Judy) and the King of Jin are the most powerful. In order to prevent the treacherous court official from running amok, Zhu Yuanzhang stipulated that the king could use the Central Committee to arrest the treacherous court official, and if necessary, he had to send a letter to Feng Mi to lead the troops to "tide over the difficulties". At the same time, in order to prevent the downfall of princes, Zhu Yuanzhang also allowed future emperors to order "cutting princes" when necessary.

In the thirty-first year of Hongwu, after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, the great-grandson of Huangdi succeeded to the throne, with the aim of establishing his own empire. He immediately conspired with his trusted ministers, Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng, to cut down the princes. The kings of Zhou, Dai, Qi and Xiang were either abolished or killed. At the same time, in the name of border defense, the elite prince was transferred to prepare to cut off the prince. So, at Yao's suggestion, the prince went south in the name of the army, occupied Nanjing, and fought a battle of Jingnan. The Prince of Yan is the emperor. He became the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty and has the title of Yongle. His whereabouts are unknown in the Miyagi fire.

After Judy ascended the throne, his martial arts was in full swing, and he first attacked Annan. Later, in order to avoid future troubles, he personally entered Mobei to attack Mongolia. In internal affairs, Judy ordered the compilation of a large-scale book "Yongle Dadian". It will be completed in three years. Yongle Dadian has 22,877 volumes, 60 volumes of examples and catalogues. The book is divided into 65,438+065,438+0095 volumes, with 78,000 kinds of books, about 370 million words, without any abridgement, which is incomparable to the later Siku books. From the third year of Yongle, Judy sent Zheng He to the Western Ocean for seven times, which was unprecedented in scale and expanded the influence of the Ming Dynasty. In the third year of Yongle, Judy renamed Beiping as Beijing, called Hangzai, and set up Beiping imperial academy and other yamen. In the fourth year of Yongle, he wrote to build a palace in Beijing. 1409, visited Beijing, set up six departments and Duchayuan in Beijing, and was the late queen Xu Liling in Beijing, which showed signs of moving the capital. After more than ten years of operation, Beijing has initially prospered. 14 16, Judy announced the idea of moving the capital and was recognized. In the fifteenth year of Yongle, Beijing was built on a large scale. Yongle was built in the eighteenth year, and the capital was officially moved in the nineteenth year. However, Emperor Yongle also wantonly killed dissidents, such as Huang Zicheng, Qi Tai and other old ministers of Wen Jian were all killed. Among them, Fang Xiaoru's Kill Ten Families and Jing Qing's Guaman Copy are the most tragic.

Benevolence and publicity

After Chengzu's death, his eldest son, Zhu Gaochi, ascended the throne as Emperor Renzong. When Zhu Gaochi acceded to the throne, he died only one year after he acceded to the throne because of his advanced age. However, during his reign, he implemented many benevolent policies. Appoint "Sanyang" (Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, Yang Pu) and other wise ministers to assist in state affairs. And stop Zheng He's voyages to the West and foreign wars to save the people's strength. Encourage production, forgive prisons and practise economy. His eldest son, Zhu Zhanji, acceded to the throne for the sake of Ming Xuanzong after his death. He basically inherited his father's line, ruled the country by virtue, and the country became strong. Xuanzong also loved art and had handed down paintings. However, Xuanzong's rule was not without shortcomings. Because Xuanzong liked to raise cricket (called "promoting weaving" in ancient times), many officials competed to flatter him, and Xuanzong was also called "promoting weaving". At the same time, the rule that the eunuchs left by Taizu were not allowed to get involved in politics was broken, and some eunuchs began to get involved in politics, which laid a hidden danger for the eunuchs' authoritarian power in Yingzong period.

The reform of civil engineering and the revival of English sects

1435, 9-year-old Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen succeeded to the throne and favored eunuch Wang Zhen. Since then, the eunuchs of the Ming Dynasty have been severely authoritarian. Wang Zhen was originally an instructor, but later he entered the palace to serve the English Sect. After Yingzong ascended the throne, he was highly prized. After the death of the Empress Dowager and the official "Sanyang", Wang Zhen became more overbearing, and even took away the ironclad evidence left by Ming Taizu prohibiting eunuchs from interfering in politics. Juchao calls it "Wengfu". Wang Zhen was in power for seven years, and his fortune was more than 600,000 yuan. The extent of his bribery can be imagined.

In the early years of orthodoxy, the Mongolian Walla Department became more and more powerful, and often caused troubles at the border of the Ming Dynasty. The leader of Walla attacked Ming from the south for the first time in July of the fourteenth year of Orthodox Church. Wang Zhen enlisted 500,000 troops with Yingzong. After the army left Beijing, the soldiers were tired of food. At the beginning of August, the army arrived in Datong. Wang Zhen had to report the rout of the front line, afraid to fight again, and ordered him to return. When Li returned to the civil fort, he was caught up by the Walla army, killing more than half of the soldiers and killing more than 50 people with his ministers. Yingzong failed to break through and was captured, and Wang Zhen died in the disorderly army. This is the change of civil engineering. It is said that Wang Zhen was killed by the guard general Fan Zhong (there are two versions of hammering and beheading), which is not proved in Ming History.

After the news of the change of civil engineering reached the capital, the DPRK was in chaos. A minister's request to move the capital to Nanjing was refuted by Yu Qian, assistant minister of the Ministry of War. Then the minister made Zhu Qiyu, the younger brother of Yingzong, the heir of Jingtai Emperor. At the same time, Yu Qian actively prepared for the war. In October of the same year, the Walla army pushed Beijing to the city gate and placed Yingzong in the pass outside Deshengmen. The Walla army failed to attack and fled. There is no point in continuing to kidnap Yingzong, but he released Yingzong in August 1450. But then, the royal family fought. Unwilling to send messengers to meet him, Jingdi put Yingzong under house arrest in Nangong (now Wang Hongbin), abolished Crown Prince Zhu Jianshen (son of Yingzong, later Xianzong), and made his son Zhu a prince according to circumstances. Before long, Zhu died by chance, and Jingdi was slow to restore Zhu Jianshen as a prince (Jingdi had no children). In the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai, Emperor Jingtai was critically ill. 16, Xu Youzhen, the deputy suggestion, led an army into the Nangong at night, won the support of Yingzong, and seized the gate (Donghuamen) to reset. He also killed Yu Qian and Wang Wen, a university student, and framed him for wanting Xiang Wang's son to be emperor. This is the change of seizing the door, also known as "the restoration of Nangong".

Xianzong period

After Yingzong's death, his son Zhu Jianshen acceded to the throne as Xianzong. In his early years, Yu Qian avenged himself and restored the emperor. He can observe people's feelings and make great efforts to govern, just like a wise king. But the emperor stuttered and was introverted, and rarely met ministers. Ryukyu, Hami, Siam, Toulufan, Samarkand and other countries have paid tribute. However, at the end of Xianzong's reign, he indulged in the harem, enjoyed himself with Wan Guifei, a maid-in-waiting who was 19 years older than him, and favored eunuchs such as Wang Zhi and Liang Fang. Even Nuo Nuo was in power, the western factories were rampant, and the Chaogang was destroyed, making the people miserable. Xianzong also opened the system that the emperor directly issued imperial edicts to seal officials, so as to serve officials. As a result, propaganda officials flooded and fraud became the norm. It was not until the period of Xiaozong that all these officials were abolished. Eunuch Wang Zhi was favored by Xian Zong, who was arrogant and domineering, killing people and officials through the West Factory. Soon after, due to public anger, the West Factory was closed, but Wang Zhi still held power. In the eighteenth year of Chenghua, Wang Zhi was demoted for impeaching officials. In addition, he is the founder of Huang Zhuang. In fact, this has encouraged powerful countries to annex land, which is extremely harmful.

Hongzhi zhongxing

Zhu Youtang (reign: 1488-1505) died, and Zhu Youtang succeeded to the throne. Since Xiaozong was born in a poor family, he was in danger of being hurt by Wan Guifei. Therefore, during the reign of Xiaozong, he "changed his usual politics and spoke out his words", which changed the situation that the traitor was in power since Yingzong and was known as the "Zhongxing Commander". The diligence of filial piety made the Ming Dynasty politically clear, economically prosperous, and the people well-off in the world, which was called Hongzhi Zhongxing. During the reign of Xiaozong, a group of treacherous court officials and redundant staff left by Xianzong were arrested and punished. And select the best talents and entrust them with the heavy responsibility of ministers. Filial piety is diligent in political affairs and visits the DPRK twice a day. Filial piety is strict with eunuchs, and the secret service can only be cautious in punishment. Filial piety practices thrift, does not build large buildings and reduces taxes. And bid farewell to monogamy, except for Queen Zhang, she has no concubines in her life. Under his rule, Hongzhi was once the best situation since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty also called Xiaozong "diligent and thrifty, diligent and loving the people".

Wu zong's rebellion

In May of the eighteenth year of Hongzhi, Xiaozong died of illness. Fifteen-year-old Prince Zhu Houzhao ascended the throne as Wu Zong, and the following year was Zheng Deyuan. Wu Zongtian loves pleasure, and indulges in debauchery with his ministers all day long. Liu Jin, Ma Yongcheng, Gu Dayong, Wei Bin, Zhang Yong, Qiu Ju, Gao Feng, Luo Xiang and other eight eunuchs in the Eastern Palace colluded with each other to form the "Eight Tigers". Eight Tigers tried their best to welcome Ah Shang, guide the emperor to enjoy himself, and harm Zhong Liang, who was victimized by his politics. Liu Jin, one of the Eight Tigers, monopolized the power, lured his cronies into the cabinet, tried every means to meet Wu Zong's playful needs and built a leopard room for his fornication. However, Liu Jin's autocratic power has also caused dissatisfaction with one of the other "seven tigers" in North Korea. In the end, Liu Jin was arrested and sentenced to death. However, Wu Zong still ignored politics and began to trust courtier Jiang Bin. In order to make it easier for him to travel around the palace, Wu Zong created a fictional character, "Zhu Shou, the company commander of General lord protector". As Zhu Shou, in the name of going out to fight, I actually went on a trip. The idleness of Wuzong's wild travel led to frequent chaos during the reign, including Zhu Jian's rebellion in Anhua, Shaanxi, Liu's rebellion in Shandong and Zhu's rebellion in Jiangxi. In the fifteenth year of Zheng De's reign, Wu Zong thought it was a cover and captured the defeated Zhu. On my way back to Beijing, I fell ill while boating in Qingjiangpu (Huai 'an, Jiangsu) in Nanzhili. In March of the sixteenth year of Zheng De, Wu Zong died. Soon after, Jiang Bin was robbed and executed.

Jiajing Qin Long Dynasties

The statue of Harry, known as "Haitian", has no children and no brothers. After his death, Zhu Houzong, the eldest son of the king, was promoted by Xiaozong's younger brother for Sejong's sake. During the Sejong period, eunuchs guarding various places were deposed. However, the ceremony event seriously damaged state affairs: Sejong demanded that his father be the emperor and his mother be the queen. However, Yang Tinghe, the cabinet records, and Mao Cheng, the minister of does, insisted on doing so. But some ministers catered to the emperor's wishes. With the help of these people, Sejong despised etiquette, not only respected his parents as the emperor and the empress dowager, but also set up a temple for his father next to the ancestral temple, which became a temple dedicated to the emperor. Also known as the father of Zong Rui, he wrote an emperor's record for his father on top of Wu Zong. This is a grand ceremony. The ceremony caused an uproar, and opponents of courtiers were all attacked, or dismissed from office or imprisoned. Reception staff 180 people, died with the staff 17 people. At the same time, Sejong believed in Taoism and trusted the alchemist, praying day and night in the palace. First, Taoist Shao entered Beijing, with a real name and a history of rites. After Shao's death, Fang Shitao was spoiled. Since the 13th year of Jiajing, Sejong has turned his back on the DPRK. In October of the 21st year of Jiajing (1542), there was a change of maids in Gan Qing Palace. More than ten maids, including Yang, Xing Cuilian and Wang Ning 'an, tried to strangle Sejong while he was sleeping, but failed. Since then, Sejong has moved to Xiyuan instead of entering the palace. At the same time, the powerful minister Yan Song took this opportunity to steal power, exclude dissidents and engage in cronyism. His son Yan Shifan helped his father to do evil. Although Yan Song was impeached repeatedly, they all ended in failure. In the late Sejong period, Yan Song was old, and another minister, Xu Jie, began to replace Yan Song. In the forty-first year of Jiajing, Xu Jie instigated officials to impeach Yan Song. Yan Song resigned and went home. In forty-four years of Jiajing, Yan Shifan was sentenced to death, Yan Song was beheaded for the people, and died two years later. After Jiajing's death, the only surviving prince, Zhu Zaihou, acceded to the throne as Mu Zong, with the title of Qin Long. Mu Zong himself was incompetent, but he appointed talented ministers such as Gao Gong, Xu Jie, Zhang and Hai Rui. The domestic situation is generally good. It also laid the foundation for ZTE in the early years of Wanli.

After he acceded to the throne, Zhang Weigong, the teacher in Fan Zhong, was activated. In the early years of Qin Long, Xu Jie, the ruling Sejong veteran, instigated Gao Gong to impeach officials and forced them to resign and return home. Not to be outdone, Gao Gong instigated the official impeachment of Xu Jie a year later. Xu Jie was also forced to officially retire. The actual government affairs of the imperial court gradually fell into Zhang's hands. At the end of Qin Long's reign, Gao Gong returned to North Korea as a cabinet record.

After Jiajing, foreign invasion continued. Tatars in the north occupied Hetao when the Ming Dynasty was weak. 1550, Tatar leader Anda invaded Datong, and Datong company commanders bought Anda heavily. As a result, Anda directly attacked the capital. The Tatar army went west after looting in the suburbs of Beijing, and the Ming army was defeated in the pursuit. This is the change of Geng Xu. But then the Ming Dynasty established good relations with Mongolia, and Anda was named King Shunyi. In the southern coastal areas, the Japanese pirates were rampant until Qi Jiguang, Hu Zongxian and Yu suppressed them.

Wan Li Zhongxing

Zhang, the cabinet minister who carried out the reform. With his death, Wanli Zhongxing also died. In the sixth year in Qin Long, Ming Muzong died of a sudden stroke. Zhu Yijun, the son of God, succeeded to the throne and changed to Wanli. Because Zongshen is young, the Queen Mother is the Regent. Gao Gong, an important official, was removed from office because he stood up to Feng Bao, the eunuch trusted by the Queen Mother. On the contrary, Zhang has received the full support of. During Zhang Fuzheng's ten years, he carried out reforms. In the internal affairs, he put forward the principle of "respecting sovereignty, instructors, rewarding and punishing, and ordering", implemented the examination law, abolished redundant officials and staff in government agencies, and reorganized postal services and civil servants. Economically, clear the whole country's land, curb the powerful landlords, reform the tax system, implement the whip law, and reduce the burden on farmers. In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu, there were 8,507,632 hectares of cultivated land in China. In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi, it was reduced to 4,228,058 hectares. After nine years of management by Zhang, Wanli reached 7,013,976 hectares. Militarily, strengthen the rectification of military equipment, put down the riots in the southwest, and reuse the anti-Japanese famous Qi Jiguang Prime Minister Ji, Chang and Bao for training to make the border safe. Zhang also opened Pan Jixun to control the Yellow River and turn floods into water conservancy. At the same time, Zhang severely punished corrupt officials and cut redundant staff.

In the autumn of Wanli five years, his father Zhang died. According to common sense, he needs Ding You (he was dismissed and kept filial piety in his hometown for three years), but Zhang thinks that the political reform is not finished, and Ding You is not needed. His political opponents made a big fuss about it. This is the battle of love. Although in the end, with the support of the two queens, Zhang was robbed of his feelings (from Awakening). However, this incident fully showed Zhang's infatuation with power and bossy conceit, which laid the groundwork for his death. At the same time, Zhang also used his authority to let his son successfully pass the imperial examination and enter imperial academy, which became an excuse for his political opponents. Zhang was liquidated immediately after his death. Some of Zhang Fu's people were put in prison and starved to death before they could leave. His official title was also deprived before his death.

Wanli is idle in politics.

In the early days after Zhang's death, he was still interested in political affairs, but he soon began to ignore political affairs. In the fifteenth year of Wanli (1587), Zongshen did not go to court continuously. After the New Year's Day in the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589), Zongshen used the solar eclipse as an excuse to greet on New Year's Day. Since then, Zongshen has stopped looking at North Korea on New Year's Day every year. Since the 16th year of Wanli (1588), the religion of God was often not seen in the Chang Dynasty. Zongshen ignored political affairs in the deep palace all day, immersed in debauchery. There is also a beauty contest every year. At the same time, Zongshen was good at architecture and often built many buildings. At the age of 2/kloc-0, he began to build a cemetery. In the seventeenth year of Wanli, Dali Temple left a bad review, saying that Zongshen was addicted to alcohol, sex, money and gas. As a result, he was demoted to the people. Zongshen also sent mine supervisors and tax supervisors to search private property. It's really powerful to sit back and relax at the border. The lack of officials is very serious, because all sects do not care about state affairs. Thirty years of Wanli (1602), three ministers of north and south in Beijing and ten assistant ministers. There are three governors, 66 ministers and judges and 25 magistrates. Sects are above, officials are below, and the government is completely idle. There are many parties in bureaucracy, such as Party, Propaganda Party, Kunming Party, Qi Party and Zhejiang Party. But the topic of discussion is not how to improve state affairs, but just the personnel layout. Therefore, "History of Ming Dynasty" said: "The commentator said: The death of the Ming Dynasty actually died in Shenzong."

During the reign of Zongshen, two other events that seriously damaged Chaogang were the inner-party struggle in Lindong and the struggle between the state and the foundation. Lindong Party originated from Donglin Academy organized by Gu Xiancheng. The word Lindong Party originated from a personnel change in the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (16 10). The reason is that the cabinet is short of people. Gu Xiancheng urged Li Sancai, the governor of Huaiyang, who had made great contributions to the cabinet. As a result, Li Sancai's opposition to the cabinet was smeared and scolded, and the Lindong Party rose accordingly. After the rise of Lindong Party, other political parties in North Korea concentrated their firepower on Lindong Party. After the party was castrated, Lindong Party suffered a severe blow. It was not until the early years of Chongzhen that the Lindong Party became active again.

Another kind of political struggle is the struggle for the country. Mainly around Zhu's eldest son and his birth. Zongshen's delay in establishing a prince worried his ministers. Therefore, the upper and lower dynasties are divided into two factions. It was not until the 29th year of Wanli (160 1) that he was made a prince and Zhu Wei. However, the axe king did not leave Beijing as a captain. It wasn't until the attack that public opinion was unfavorable to Zheng Guifei that the axe king left Beijing and became a vassal.

In terms of foreign military affairs, the three expeditions of Wanli, such as the Non-Chen War, which helped Li Han resist Japanese aggression in the twenty years of Wanli (1592), all won, but the losses will be great. In the forty-six years of Wanli (16 17), Nurhachi's "seven great hatreds" in the late Jin Dynasty rebelled against the Ming Dynasty, and the following year (16 19) defeated the Ming army in the battle of Salhu, and the Ming Dynasty turned to the strategic defense of Jurchen.

Three cases in the late Ming dynasty

"Three major cases in the late Ming Dynasty" refers to the cases of knocking, red pills, moving the palace and so on in the late Ming Dynasty. These three incidents are not very important in themselves, but they mark the beginning of chaos and decline in the late Ming Dynasty, so they are called "three major cases".

Strike case

The beating took place on the fourth day of May in the forty-third year of Wanli. A man named Zhang Hui, armed with a wooden stick, broke into the tattoo palace where the Crown Prince lived, wounded Li Jian, the eunuch at the door, and was arrested. After the trial, it was found that Zheng Guifei was involved in the case. At that time, the investigators were all from Zhejiang, and Fang Congzhe, the leader of Zhejiang Party, had a good relationship with Zheng Guifei, so he was questioned. As a result, Zhang Hui was secretly interrogated by the head of Shaanxi punishments at that time, and Zheng Guifei's recruitment was indeed related to this. After learning this news, Zheng Guifei pleaded with the Crown Prince. The crown prince also asked the emperor to settle the case quickly. In addition, Zheng Guifei was also valued by Zongshen. Except for the execution of Zhang Qian, the case went away, and some officials who advocated continuing the investigation were punished to varying degrees afterwards.

Marubeni case

When Guangzong was a prince, he loved Li's two attendants, Dongli and Xili. Among them, Xili is the most popular. Zheng Guifei secretly befriended Xili, and Zheng Guifei wooed Xili to Guangzong as the queen, and Xili wooed Zheng Guifei as the empress dowager, but later she gave up because of the opposition of ministers. Guangzong had diarrhea five days after he ascended the throne because of too much sex. Guangzong took the medicine of Cui Wensheng, a eunuch closely related to Zheng Guifei, and his condition deteriorated as a result. Xili lives in Guangzong dormitory on the grounds of serving. On August 29, crack hon temple cheng Li presented a red pill, and Guangzong got temporary comfort after eating it. Eat another one after dusk and die at midnight. This is the case of the red pill. As a result, rumors spread throughout North Korea. Li was sent back to his hometown to recuperate. There are also a large number of impeachment memorials calling for the removal of Fang Congzhe. In April of the second year of the Apocalypse, another Marubeni case was debated in North Korea. In the end, Fang Congzhe was still not convicted, and Cui Wensheng was banished to Nanjing.

Case of moving the palace

After Guangzong's death, Xi Li lived in seclusion in the Qing Palace, and Wei Zhongxian, a trusted eunuch, blackmailed Crown Prince Zhu Youxiao. Lee Hsien Loong also asked officials to show her the monument before Zhu Youxiao, which caused a strong backlash. Therefore, the ministers jointly asked Xili to move to the palace. At the strong demand of ministers, Celie had to move out of Gan Qing Palace. After Zhu Youxiao acceded to the throne, the name of the Apocalypse was Xizong. As a result, four years later, Xizong named Princess Kang of the Western Calendar, and the following year even promulgated the "Three Dynasties' Principles", which reversed the black and white of the three major cases.

Caste dictatorship

During Xizong period, politics was more corrupt and dark. The patriarch who lost his mother since childhood has a special feeling for the wet nurse Hakka who doesn't know it and is in cahoots with eunuch Wei Zhongxian. Wei Zhongxian lost money in a gambling game and entered the palace. He was renamed Li Jinzhong and became a eunuch in the palace. After the emperor gave it the original surname, the old name was Zhong Xian. Wei Zhongxian was good at flattery and colluded with Hakkas, so he was promoted quickly and became a eunuch.

In the early days of Zong's accession to the throne, Lin Dong and party member were widely used, which led to the constant struggle between the Party and other parties. Zong lost patience with politics, so Wei Zhongxian took this opportunity to get involved in politics and rally the opposition party, the jiyan Party. Four years after the apocalypse, the eunuch took control of the cabinet. Since then, Wei Zhongxian has become more arrogant, and its minions have spread all over the central and local governments. At the time of his greatest power, his adopted son could offer sacrifices to the ancestral temple instead of the emperor. His shrines are all over the country, numbered nine years. Students in imperial academy even suggested that Wei Zhongxian should match Confucius and Wei Zhongxian's father should match Gong Sheng. Wei Zhongxian also suppressed the Lindong Party, and a large number of Lindong party member were imprisoned or even executed. Because of the low level of eunuchs, political management can not be improved. Famine spread frequently in China, civil strife and foreign invasion continued, and the Ming Dynasty was in jeopardy.

Be destroyed

Ming Sizong, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, hanged himself in Jingshan in the sixth year of the apocalypse. A big explosion occurred in the powder magazine of the Wang Gong factory of the Ministry of Industry in the southwest corner of Beijing, causing more than 20,000 casualties. In the same year, Xizong accidentally fell into the water while playing in Xiyuan and died a year later. Zhu Youjian, the faithful king, succeeded Xizong, who was named Chongzhen for four cases. After he ascended the throne, he was determined to reform state affairs. He first ordered the suspension of the construction of the shrine and forced the Hakkas to move outside the palace. When the time was right, four cases ordered Wei Zhongxian to go to Fengyang to guard the mausoleum. On his way to Wei Zhongxian, he learned that security guards had arrested him and hanged himself with his henchmen Li. Four cases hung their heads in their hometown in Hejian. At the same time, the guests were taken to Huan Yi Branch for execution. Other eunuchs were also demoted or executed. Although the autocratic power of the eunuchs' party ended, the struggle between the parties in the DPRK and China continued, and four cases began to be disappointed with the political affairs in the DPRK. And strengthen centralization and control officials and credit eunuchs.

During the reign of Ming Sizong, the first thing he faced was the foreign invasion of Nuzhen. Originally under the management of Yuan Chonghuan, the situation in Liaodong has changed. However, in the case of defeat in Liaodong battlefield, Houjin took the way of crossing the Great Wall and attacking Beijing directly. Fortunately, under the protection of Yuan Chonghuan, Beijing is safe. But in the third year of Chongzhen, four cases were mistaken for the last years of Jin Dynasty, killing Yuan Chonghuan and destroying the Great Wall. From then on, he was only passively beaten in the battle with Houjin. 1640, the Qing army attacked Jinzhou. As a result, the Ming army was defeated and Hong Chengchou surrendered. Liaodong area basically fell.

On the other hand, due to drought, locust plague and exploitation by the government, a large number of refugees and hungry people broke out in Sichuan and Shaanxi areas. These peasants used guerrilla and separate attack tactics, which seriously dragged down the Ming army. 1636, Gao Yingxiang, the former leader of the peasant army, died in battle, and Li Zicheng succeeded Gao Yingxiang as the new champion. 164 1 year, Li Zicheng captured Luoyang, killed Zhu, and the peasant army also got a large salary. 16431October, Li Zicheng invaded Tongguan, 1 1 month occupied Xi 'an. In addition, another peasant army led by Zhang mainly developed in the south, first controlling Huguang area and then attacking Sichuan to serve the western regime. However, the two peasant armies are not cooperating, but competing. 1644 Li Zicheng announced the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) in Xi' an, with the title of Dashun and Yongchang. In March of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the peasant army captured Datong, Fu Xuan and Juyongguan, and arrived at the gates of Beijing on the 17th. 18, the peasant army conquered the outer city of Beijing. The next morning, Ming Sizong hanged himself in Jingshan Park, and the Ming Dynasty perished. After Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, he failed to take timely measures against Wu Sangui, a famous Shanhaiguan. So, Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the customs. On April 2 1 day, Li Zicheng led the troops to attack Wu Sangui and failed. On April 29th, Li Zicheng acceded to the throne in a hurry in Wuying Hall, burned the Palace and Nine Pagodas in the middle of the night, and retreated westward. The peasant army was stationed in Beijing for only forty-one days. After that, the peasant army fought one after another, and its combat effectiveness was greatly damaged. When fighting with the Qing army, it also suffered repeated battles and defeats. On the second day of May, Regent Dourgen of the Qing Dynasty went to Beijing. In order to appease the hearts of the Han people, Dourgen ordered a funeral for Ming Sizong, and the subjects mourned for three days. On the 8th, the emperor shunzhi went to Beijing. Beijing began to become the capital of the Qing Dynasty.