What influence did lamia have on Athens after the war?

After the Battle of lamia, Athens has been weakened and is no longer what it used to be.

As a document in the late Bronze Age, Achaia's book list includes some very meaningful materials. The organization and scale of each fleet varied greatly, reflecting the situation of political units at that time. Those sub-fleets commanded by Agamemnon alone but from 1 1 towns are obviously from well-organized countries; But the sub-fleets of bupropion and Elis, led by four leaders, came from a loose political organization.

Athens provided only 50 sub-fleets, while Thessaly provided 9 sub-fleets, with a total of 280 ships. Even in terms of land forces, the disparity in strength between Athens and Thessaly can only be seen again after the Battle of lamia, when Athens was weakened and was no longer what it used to be.

The names of ethnic groups providing sub-fleets also indicate that they are at different stages of political development. "Athens", "Crete Island" and "Rhodes Island" are all named after a city and an island, which shows that they have long used the name of their place of residence and become a single nation.

Others, such as the subordinates of Agamemnon, Diomedes and Plotilau, have no * * * names. Obviously, they are only linked by their personal relationship with the dynasty, which is too short to produce a common name. Others are called tribes, and their alliance is only based on ethnic origin and has nothing to do with geography.

These differences show the complexity of Mycenae's world, which is also reflected in the complexity of the bloodline and equipment of Achaia army and its leaders described in Heriat. The sub-fleet of the tribe represents the most backward group in culture. Piote, Foces, Rokri, Abanti, Aytolia, Ennien, Bolebo, Master, Malmidon, Helen and Akai are located in the central and northern part of Greece.

Except for the recent occupation of Piantia Plain, Piotti people are entrenched in hills and mountains. In the Peloponnesian Peninsula, there are Alcadai people with the name of Mount arcadia, and the Igbo people who occupy Elis. In South ionian islands and its neighboring mainland, there are Doric (Luckas) and SelFaleni.

The more advanced areas are in the Thessaly Plain and the areas with the most suitable climate in the Mediterranean. All ethnic groups here are named after towns and islands, not tribes, such as Athenians, Argos, Pailos, Crete, Rhodes, etc. And many of the towns mentioned in it also show that the settlement life has further developed (there are 23 cities in Thessaly Plain, 365,438+0 in Piote and 20 cities in the northeast of Peloponnesus).

Archaeological excavations show that Attica had some towns in Mycenae's time; However, the poem only mentions Athens, "the commune of the good Olystanni", and his lineage is about 1350 BC. This record shows that Athens has long established its rule over neighboring towns, and its scale is far beyond the scope of Mycenae and Argos.

Although the detachment is complicated and scattered, the expeditionary force itself has three general names: achaean, Danayan and Argos. The word "Achaia" is the most commonly used. One of the three tribes led by Ashley is called "Akay Ya" (a tribe in Crete in the Odyssey was also named by this name), but such a trivial tribe is not enough to become the name of the whole army. The word "Achaia" may be a traditional name, which can be traced back to King Hittite and King Achaeva.

The word Danaya used in the list may come from Danaus, the ancestor of this clan, who established a dynasty in Argos in the15th century BC. The word "Argos" may also come from the Danaus dynasty, or it may be related to the close combat incident in which Adela Stuss of Argos led the younger generation of heroes to expedition to Thebes. The order of describing the list can also be traditional. Central Greece (headed by Peotia), Peloponnesus (headed by Argos), western islands and Ethiopia (headed by Du Liqiang), southeast islands (headed by Crete) and northeast Greece (headed by Achilles).

This grouping and the determination of group leaders do not conform to the strength comparison and importance of the regions listed in the list; They may reflect the distribution order of Mycenae civilization, or reflect the importance of various regions in BC13rd century according to the earlier period rather than the later period, such as the situation in West Labuda before the fall of Oedipus.

The army headed by Agamemnon has a certain degree of unity. He claimed hereditary suzerainty to "rule all Argos and many islands". This suzerainty symbolizes the kingship of bollos, and this sacred kingship was passed on from bollos to theseus, Atreus and finally to Agamemnon.

Whether this huge suzerain came from the rope (the Peloponnesian was named after him) or from Atreus (he may be the "Atarit Sias" who invaded Kalia and Cyprus mentioned in Hittite literature), Agamemnon's actual ruling area only included Mycenae, Corinth and Achaia, because Adela Stuss and Tedius were the rulers of his former independent Argos. Agamemnon's advantage mainly lies in Arcadia's sub-fleet (he provided ships for the sub-fleet) and his brother Manilaus, who ruled Laxmont. Even so, he still can't order other kingdoms to send sub-fleets. He can only ask for assistance through the friendly king as a special envoy or personally. Therefore, the unity of the Greeks described in Hiliath is very weak.

The traditional suzerainty once exercised for Thebes, Mycenae and Argos was broken, and new and ever-changing dynasties appeared all over the Greek world. Invasive tribes like the Peotians occupied the fertile areas of the mainland. The Achaia Table describes a world in its twilight years: on the one hand, the day of civilization in the Bronze Age has ended, and on the other hand, the night of the immigration age is coming.

The people concerned by the epic are mainly the characters in the aristocratic class. They have distinct personalities and are not bound by social customs at that time. In the struggle for power, they did not hesitate to kill their fathers and brothers, and most people were indifferent to the demands of "phratries" or "tribes". However, the society they live in is obviously organized by a more conservative system. Nestor, as the representative of the older generation, suggested Agamemnon to organize and advance troops at the gates of Troy according to phratries and tribes, "Let phratries help phratries and tribes help tribes".

Ordinary soldiers are more loyal to this "Aphrodite" than those of the royal family, and the phratry constitutes the foundation of the tribe and the royal power. Anyone who does not belong to a phratry is expelled from society, unable to become a member of the tribe or participate in the people's congress.

No outsider can enjoy honor and rights in this society, unless he is "demiourgos" or "a person who makes handicrafts for the public", such as wizards, doctors, shipbuilders and singers. There is no sign that there is a serf class in society; The word "tes" refers to a profession, that is, a person who works for remuneration in someone else's field.

Slaves are used to do housework. They were either captured from the war or bought from the market. There are more than 50 male and female slaves in Odysseus Palace. Family sacrifice is carried out around the stove fire, which occupies a central position in the sacrificial halls of Mycenae and all over the country; Family rights are concentrated in the hands of the elderly, who are highly respected. A tramp is said to be a person who has "no home, no stove and no rights". There is no mention of hero worship in the family in Homer's epic; However, Mycenae's vertical tomb dynasty seems to be worshipped by later generations.

Towns are just social centers rather than political entities. Each group of towns and their territories may become a gift from the king to loyal subordinates, or even give cities to Themistocles like the future Persian emperor. The word polis is used for people who go to the upper city and the castle, where the palace is located, while the urban area is called asty, and sometimes polis is also used to refer to the whole city.

All political power is concentrated in the hands of the king. He is the convener and leader of the Council and the People's Assembly; He can discuss state affairs with his members, but this is his own business. During the war, he enlisted men, issued military orders and enjoyed most of the spoils; In peacetime, he presided over sacrifices and festivals and enjoyed the privilege of the holy land.

Although no one will disagree with his judgment, he has certain obligations to his people. As the shepherd of the people, he should guarantee their welfare. When the king died and his son was still young, the throne was inherited by her stepmother through the queen. As the chairman of the banquet, the king would like to propose a toast to the elders who formed the parliament, as well as his attendants, nobles and envoys.