Back to Africa: The ancient human genome reveals a wide range of Eurasian people.

A face-down ancient skeleton was found in a cave in Ethiopia, which enabled scientists to sequence the first batch of ancient African human genomes.

Neanderthals died out 30,000 years ago, but their DNA still exists in the human genome. The gene sequencing of human migration is helpful to determine the wave of Eurasian migration back to Africa. MarcosGallegoLlorente, co-author of the Cambridge University research report, said that although the reason for migration remains a mystery, it now seems to be twice as big as previously thought. "Its genetic characteristics can be seen everywhere in Africa."

All human genetic roots can be traced back to Africa, but due to the return of Europe and Asia, some modern Africans have a surprisingly high proportion of Eurasian descent, which is a previously known migration from the Near East and Anatolia to the Horn of Africa.

However, high temperature is the enemy of DNA preservation. Up to now, the genomes of most ancient Homo sapiens have appeared in colder regions of the earth. Because there is no ancient African genome in hand, scientists have to do reverse research on modern genes, trying to strip off recent changes to reveal the older genome and produce a genetic baseline.

Choosing a starting point is a challenge. Events such as the return of immigrants and the subsequent migration across Africa have disrupted the genes of the entire African continent. Nevertheless, geneticists estimate that Eurasia returned to Africa about 3,000 to 4,000 years ago by studying the modern genome.

Now enter the Motta skeleton. A study published in the journal Science this week shows that the dry air and the altitude of 6560 feet in Mota Cave on the Ethiopian Plateau help to preserve the DNA in the thick bones of the skull.

Motta, named after the cave where he was found 4500 years ago, shows an obvious lack of Eurasian genes. Therefore, the sequenced genome seems to support the previously estimated reflux period and add a new scale to this event.

Using Mota gene as the best African baseline so far, the international research team shows that the modern African people who are considered to have basically no mixed blood actually have a considerable number of Eurasian ancestry. For example, even in the distant Congo, according to research, the Mbuti genome now shows as high as 6% in the western part of Eurasia.

"We found that even people in West Africa and Southern Africa began to show that 6% or 7% of their genomes belonged to West Eurasia," Gallego Llorent said. "The population with more Eurasian ancestry like Ethiopians has also increased accordingly, so this basically means that returning immigrants are larger than we thought."

The author emphasizes that their theory does not mean that Eurasian peoples will spread to all parts of Africa on their own. On the contrary, their genes will be scattered because of subsequent migrations in Africa, perhaps including an event called Bantu expansion that began 3000 years ago.

The study also found that westerners in Europe and Asia who migrated to Africa were closely related to the early Neolithic farming peoples who introduced agriculture to Europe 8,000 years ago.

When we study this western part of Europe and Asia, Eppie Ruth Jones, co-author of Trinity College Dublin, said, "We found that the population of Sardinia is the best representative of this part, but she added that this does not mean that the population of Sardinia has migrated to Africa in large numbers. Because Sardinia is isolated from the world, Sardinians have been relatively excluded, so this ethnic group retains many genetic characteristics of the first Neolithic immigrants to Europe.

Jones explained that another ancient genome from Europe further consolidated the genetic connection. "We found that when we added a Neolithic farmer from Stuttgart 7500 years ago to our T.