questionnaire survey

1, according to the survey content, choose the survey method.

Full investigation and incomplete investigation. The object of comprehensive investigation is everyone related to the social phenomenon you are studying. Its advantage is that it can provide reliable basis for understanding the whole picture and overall planning of things. But if the topic is too big and too many people are involved, we can only use part of the investigation. Non-comprehensive survey saves time and money than comprehensive survey, which includes sampling survey, typical survey and case survey.

Sampling survey is a method to extract some units from the investigated population (that is, everything studied) as observation samples, and calculate the eigenvalue of the population from the eigenvalue of the sample. For example, 500 students are selected from a school for investigation, and all the students in a school are called the population. These 500 students are samples, and each student in the sample is the sample unit. The number of units contained in a sample is called sample capacity. In various forms of incomplete surveys, only sampling surveys can infer the whole. Successful sampling survey can infer the population very accurately, so it is widely used.

2, according to the survey type, determine the survey object.

If it is a comprehensive investigation, the whole is the object of investigation. If it is not a comprehensive survey, the determination of the survey object must be sampled from the whole population. There are many sampling methods, which should be selected according to the specific situation.

(1) Simple random sampling. If every individual in the group has an equal chance to be drawn, and the components in the group remain unchanged after an individual is drawn (independence of sampling), this sampling method is called simple random sampling.

(2) Mechanical sampling. All individuals in the population are numbered in a certain order, and then sampled at fixed intervals. This sampling method is called mechanical sampling.

(3) stratified sampling. According to the factors or indicators related to the research content, the population is divided into several parts (layers) first, and then simple random sampling or mechanical sampling is carried out from each part (layer). This sampling method is called stratified sampling. When determining the number of objects extracted from each layer, the proportion of individuals in each layer and the standard deviation of each layer are considered. This method is called optimal allocation method.

(4) Cluster sampling. The research object extracted from the crowd is not the individual, but the whole group, which is called cluster sampling.

3, according to the research content, set the research index.

4, according to the survey index, scheme design.

According to the need, we can use observation method, literature retrieval method, scale measurement method, questionnaire filling method and investigation method.

Pay attention to the authority of the scale (referring to the reliability and validity of the scale) when choosing the scale in the scale measurement scheme.

The general format of questionnaire design can be roughly divided into:

Problems and investigators. The examination questions need not be too specific, and the investigator can be vague so as not to worry the respondents.

Instruction. Description is the beginning of the questionnaire, which briefly explains the significance of the survey, arouses the interest of the respondents, relieves their worries about answering questions, and also explains the requirements for answering questions. Instructions should not be implied.

Questions and answers. This is the central part of the questionnaire, so we should pay attention to the content and method of topic selection. When arranging questions, we usually ask simple questions that are easy to arouse the interest of the respondents, and then ask developmental questions. Questions related to each other in content can be put together. The content and form of the question should be arranged to prevent suggestibility.

Investigate the basic information of the respondents, such as name, age, gender, etc. If these are classified variables, they can be placed in front of the questions in the questionnaire to facilitate data processing. However, in order to avoid causing unnecessary thoughts of the respondents and affecting the authenticity of the answers, this part can also be placed at the back of the questionnaire, and even some questionnaires do not need to fill in their names. There are two forms of questionnaire: open and closed. Open-ended means that only questions are asked on the questionnaire, no answers are listed, and respondents are free to answer. Closed questionnaires not only ask questions, but also provide alternative answers, which limits the direction and number of answers. Respondents only need to circle the listed answers. In the specific design of the question form, we can also combine openness with closure, that is, in addition to providing the answers to the questions for the respondents to choose, there is still room for the respondents to fill in and answer freely, such as listing "Other" and "Please explain".

5. Implement the survey plan and collect survey data.

Different survey schemes are implemented, and different survey data are collected. However, all kinds of preparations necessary to collect survey data before the survey can make every survey fruitful.

6. Analyze the survey data according to the purpose of the survey.

Methods of analyzing data include qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis generally adopts causal analysis, functional analysis, positioning analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis. From the survey data collected by quantitative analysis methods such as questionnaire and scale measurement, a large number of data can be obtained for quantitative analysis. Generally, these data are converted into charts, which is very beneficial to analysis.

In the same topic, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are often used to achieve the research purpose quickly and accurately.

7. According to the data analysis, summarize the research conclusions.

The conclusion is to solve the problem of "how to do it". Can be divided into three levels:

(1) acquire new knowledge and enrich the knowledge base of yourself and others.

(2) Get strategies and suggestions to solve problems and solve practical problems.

(3) Theoretical induction to promote the overall planning and management of society.