Santun, market town, market town

The Town Records Institute was first established in Taolinkou. Taolinkou is located in the north of Yongping and east of Liaodong Town, and it is also an important pass of the Great Wall. After all, Wu is far from Beijing, and Lengkou, xifengkou, Panjiakou and Gubeikou are all in the west. As the command center of the town, it is obviously out of place. So, at the end of Yongle, when Chen Jing was the company commander, he moved the town to Shiziyu, which solved the problem of position deviation and avoided the disadvantages of being at the forefront. However, the cross valley is small and there is nowhere to keep, so it is impossible to station troops and defend the enemy. So, in the second year of Tianshun, when Hu Yong was the company commander, he chose Santun Camp, built a city construction camp, and moved the town from Cross Valley to Santun Camp. From then on, all the company commanders, deputy commanders, generals, garrisons, guerrillas and other officials were stationed in Santun camp. At the beginning of Wanli, Wei also moved here from Zunhua. From Tianshun two years to Ming's death, it lasted 186 years, with a total of 75 generals.

There are many geographical, historical and economic reasons why Santunying became a "three-election" town. Qi Jiguang wrote in "Rebuilding Santun Camp City": Santun Camp "went to Xifeng and two houses, and 300 households were loyal to the land, left the mountains and seas, and right in the middle, to show tribute." As can be seen from this passage of Qi Jiguang, Santun Camp has its own advantages, without the shortcomings of Taolinkou and Shiziyu.

First, it is only 60 miles away from Xifeng's second house and 30 miles away from the first house. It can be said that it is close to the forefront. As a command center, it is beyond the reach of the frontier and has room for strategic maneuver. Among the Great Wall Fortress, xifengkou and Panjiakou are the closest to Santun Camp, with direct access by land and water. Xi and Pan are the most important places in Jiyun Town. During the Tianshun period,

Secondly, there are 300 military households in Santun, which belong to the management of loyalty, righteousness and health (civilian villages in Ming Dynasty were managed by the Ministry of Household and local counties, and military households were managed by the commander-in-chief of the five armies and local health offices). Soldiers stationed in the wild are part of the garrison in the health center. According to the regulations at that time, the guards in the border areas were divided into three parts to guard the city and seven parts to grow crops. When the enemy is fighting, the enemy plows the land, and each soldier on guard gives 20 to 200 acres of land. In other words, the three stations have at least 6,000 mu to 30,000 mu of land, and such a vast land is not available to 300 military households in Shishitani.

Third, geographically, Santun is located in the center of Lei Zhen, and the pass controlled by the left and right sides is roughly equal. It guards the Xiongguan Mountains and Seas in the east, the Juyongguan Fortress in the west, the border pass in the north, and the rough sea in the south. The town government is surrounded by it, making it easy to control the whole town, which is incomparable to Taolinkou.

Fourth, control Lu Gong. "Tribute and reward" is a kind of political communication between the central government and the upper rulers of border ethnic minorities in Ming Dynasty, and it is also a special kind of economic communication. Minority rulers move closer to the central government and change their power through tribute, so they can get rewards equal to or exceeding the value of tribute. Under normal circumstances, all ethnic groups often send a large team of envoys, as well as a large business team. When the relationship is tense, some tribes often use tribute to ask for gifts as an excuse to break through the customs. Xifengkou is the entrance to pay tribute to Ha Sanwei, the five grains outside the mouth, and there is a direct road to Duke Lu in Santun camp.

Convenient transportation is an important advantage of Santun, which runs from the capital to the east via Tongzhou, Jizhou, Zunhua, Qian 'an, Yongping and Fu Lin to Shanhaiguan. There is Luanyangyu Station in the west of Santun, north-south direction, and Fucang and the coast can be reached by land via Zunhua. The waterway can reach Qian 'an, Luanzhou and Changle counties along the Luanhe River, and the Great Wall in the north can go upstream along the Luanhe River. In the east, the east-west direction of Luanhe River flows to Qinghe River, which can be traced back to Chengzilingguan and Dalingkou, the long river to dongjiakou, and the Lengkou River to Lengkou. There are Yongpingfu, Taolinying and Taolinkou passes along qinglong river. Rivers in Jizhou and Changping in the west, such as Tanghe River in Nianyuguan, Gouhe River in Zunhua and Huangyaguan, Tahe River in Heiyuguan and Chaohe River in Gubeikou, all intersect with the main roads connecting Santun and Xitong.

In ancient mountainous areas, most of the traffic was connected along the river. The famous Gusai Road, Lulongsai, Blue Whale and Jing Qing were all connected with Lanting.

Sea transportation is an economical and effective mode of transportation, and the border materials can not be guaranteed only by reclamation. Especially in the later period, the reclamation system was seriously damaged and had to rely on the south and the mainland. Luanhekou and Jiuhekou are thistle berths. In order to connect inland river transportation, the ancient river was opened in Tianshun years and dredged in Chenghua years. In the same year, people in eastern Hebei dredged the Yahongqiao River, built a large warehouse and stored grain by sea. During Jiajing period, the river was dredged back to China; The grain in the south can reach the territory that moved westward today. In the eighth year of Yongle, two old people, Zhang Futong of Funing County and He Bin of Gan 'an County, were awarded the position of county magistrate by the government for their meritorious service in supervising grain carriers to Qingshuiyuan, which shows the importance of water transportation to border replenishment at that time.

The economy of Santun area is prosperous. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) in Ming Dynasty, a large number of immigrants, troops and criminals moved to JD.COM to reclaim land. Reclaiming farmland has greatly promoted the development of agriculture and handicrafts. Farming needs farm tools and guarding the border needs weapons, which stimulates the development of iron smelting industry. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, an iron smelting ambassador was sent to Zunhua. Shapoyu first built an iron smelting plant, then moved to Songpenggu, and moved to Baiyezhuang (now the iron plant) during the orthodox period. Charcoal-burning craftsmen 7 1 person, charcoal 1.4 thousand Jin, sand washing craftsmen 68, iron sand 447 stone, cast iron craftsmen 60. Gutian and Yongping, with 883 civilian workers, 462 military workers and 630 shift craftsmen, were the largest government-run handicraft iron smelting plants in China at that time.

1644 The Ming Dynasty perished and the Qing regime was established, and it adopted a smarter policy towards Mongolia than the Central Plains regime.

Before the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, Huang Taiji "accepted and used" Mongolia, "generously rewarded Horqin and other tribes that had joined" and conquered the tribes that had not joined, making Mongolia an ally of the Qing Dynasty. After the emperor shunzhi and Fu Lin entered the customs, they continued to strive for high-ranking figures from various Mongolian ministries and established a stable alliance between Mongolia and Manchuria, which was one of the basic national policies to consolidate the northern Pingfan. After Kangxi succeeded to the throne, he took more measures to treat Mongolian nobles well, which strengthened Mongolia's centripetal force to the Qing Dynasty and played the role of "Great Wall beyond the Great Wall, which will never be restored in times of crisis until it is ruled".

The Qing dynasty's alliance policy towards Mongolia made the Great Wall defense lose its original meaning, naturally there was no need for a large number of Chen soldiers, and the military towns along the Great Wall gradually decreased. At the beginning of the Qing army's entry into the customs, there was a company commander in Santun camp. In the fourth year of Shunzhi, the market town was abolished: the general commander and the Chinese guerrilla armed forces, and the defense areas under the jurisdiction of the original market town were respectively assigned to Shanhaiguan and Miyun, and the deputy commander of Hanerzhuang was moved to Santun Camp to assist xifengkou and Taipingzhai Second Road. In this way, Santunying became a cooperative town under the jurisdiction of Shanhaiguan. After six years of Shunzhi, there are only about two battalions left, all under the jurisdiction of Tianjin Town. Xifeng Road was changed to guerrilla garrison, Taiping Road, Dusi and Qianzong were all cut, Jianchang Road was changed to Dusi, and the original garrisons of Taolinkou, Qingshankou, Li Jiayu, Moyeziguan, Baiyangyu, Yumuling, Panjiakou and Longjingguan were changed to ethics. During the reign of Kangxi, the headquarters of Santun Camp of Jixie moved to Kaiping, and during the reign of Yongzheng, Santun Camp moved to Kaiping. From then until the Qing Dynasty, only guerrillas were stationed in Santun camp.