History and culture of Turpan

Turpan is an important town on the ancient Silk Road. As early as the Neolithic Age, there were human activities six or seven thousand years ago. At that time, Turpan people were mainly hunting and gathering. After entering the slave society, the mode of production gradually changed to agriculture and gradually settled in Turpan Basin. According to the records of historians, the aborigines living in Turpan Basin were ancient teachers. They established Gushi (later called Cheshi) country, Huhu country, Xiaojinfu country, Cheguo country and Chewei country in Turpan Basin.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Xiongnu in northern China controlled most of the Western Regions and invaded the Han Dynasty. From Kan Bozhou, Turpan entered the period of Gaochang Kingdom. In the fifth year of Taihe (48 1), the leader Afu arrived in Zhang and became the king of Gaochang. In 496 AD, Gaochang people killed Zhang and immediately made Confucianism king. In 50 1 a.d., Maru moved inward, and the old people in Gaochang fell in love with the land and didn't want to return to the east, so they killed Maru and made the composer king. Gao Changguo was subordinate to Rouran, Gaoche and Turkic successively, and was subordinate to the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Zhou and Sui Dynasties, and was canonized by them. The kingdom is established as a county, county and city system, with townships under the county and villages throughout the country.

In the tenth year of Dade (1306), Chabar, the son of Haidu, surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, and the rebellion ended. Huozhou was directly under the jurisdiction of the Yuan Dynasty. In the first year of Shunzhi (1330), the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt the General Political Department in Huozhou. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Turpan was divided into three parts: Liucheng, Huozhou and Turpan, all of which were located in the flower pool of Dalu, and the name of Turpan appeared for the first time. In the seventh year of Yuan Dynasty (1347), the Eastern Chagatai khanate captured Turpan, Huozhou and Liucheng. Ministers of Turpan, Huozhou and Liucheng were subordinate to the East Chagatai khanate and paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty.

In the 17th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1678), Zhungeer Khanate once controlled Turpan, and it won many battles with Qing Dynasty. In the tenth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1732), Zhungeer attacked Turpan, and Emin and Zhuo suffered a crushing defeat, leading more than 8,000 people to move to Guazhou (now Anxi, Gansu). In the 20th year of Qing dynasty (1755), Junggar entered the customs and Turpan returned to Qing dynasty.

Extended data

Turpan is an important town on the ancient Silk Road with a cultural accumulation of more than 4,000 years. It was once one of the political, economic and cultural centers of the western regions. More than 200 cultural sites have been discovered, and more than 40,000 cultural relics from prehistoric times to modern times have been unearthed. Judging from the unearthed cultural relics, Turpan used at least 18 ancient characters and 25 languages.

A large number of cultural relics and historical facts prove that Turpan is the intersection of China culture, Indian culture, Greek culture and Islamic culture and seven religions, namely Shamanism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Nestorianism, Manichaeism and Islam.

Turpan is rich in tourism cultural relics. As of March 20 17, 20 scenic spots (spots) have been developed, including national scenic spots 1, 5 4A scenic spots, 5 3A scenic spots and 2 world cultural heritages. By the end of 20 17, Turpan had three national key cultural relics protection units, 37 cultural relics protection units in the autonomous region and 32 cultural relics protection units at the county level.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Turpan (prefecture-level city in Xinjiang)