Who is the author of Water Margin?

Who is the author of Water Margin? The Water Margin is one of China's four classical novels. It is a war novel with the theme of peasant uprising. The story is mainly about the hero 108 headed by Song Jiang. Through the story of Liangshan Juyi's acceptance of enlistment and fighting everywhere, I would like to share with you the author and some articles of Water Margin. Welcome to reading.

Who is the author of Water Margin? 1

First, written by Luo Guanzhong. This statement can't be found in any early sculpture.

Second, Shi Naian wrote it. The first two versions of this statement appeared in the Chongzhen period in the late Ming Dynasty.

Three. Co-authored by Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong. This book first appeared in Jiajing and Wanli periods of Ming Dynasty.

Jin Shengtan, a literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, also believed that Water Margin was written by Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong. But he thinks that the first 70 chapters were written by Shi Naian, and the last 50 chapters were continued by Luo Guanzhong. Therefore, he wanted to "cut the water margin" and made this comment after the seventieth article: "Seventy times in a book can be described as a big arrangement, and this time it can be described as a grand finale. Reading is like a dragon in a thousand miles, and you have no regrets when you go into the sea. Laughing and killing Luo Guanzhong adds a dog's tail, only to see its ugliness. "

But Jin Shengtan did not put forward what his basis was.

Generally speaking, there are two opinions: First, everyone thinks that Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms is better than Water Margin, especially the part about war. "Water Margin" is best at writing about killing people and stealing goods, but the war scene is extremely rough and full of loopholes. So, it's not quite like Luo Guanzhong's handwriting. Second, everyone thinks that the first 70 episodes of Water Margin are better than the last 50 episodes. If Luo Guanzhong continued the last fifty chapters of Water Margin, it should not be written like this.

However, if there is nothing about Luo Guanzhong in this book, why are there rumors that he is the author of this book? Obviously, there must be something else in it. In addition, some people think that the author of Water Margin is neither Shi nor Luo. What's going on here?

Let's sort out the relationship between these two people and try to find the answer.

"Shi Naian" is not a name?

Few people think that Shi Naian is just a pseudonym. For example, Lu Xun said in A Brief History of Chinese Novels: "Doubt is an excuse for a complicated writer." His basis is that the earliest simplified version of Water Margin was published without the author's signature. Over the past decades, there have been countless copies, not only with increased content, but also with the author's signature. So this author is probably the reviser of many books in Wanli period, just making up a name and adding it at will. Some people even think that "Shi Naian" in Shi Naian Ben and Luo Guanzhong is a homonym of "Yes and Me", which means "I am", that is, editor Luo Guanzhong.

People nowadays can't understand that it is very hard to finish a literary work. As the author of an excellent work, it should be a glorious thing. How can anyone not sign it? It turns out that there is an evolutionary process of understanding "novel".

In ancient China, "novels" were not literary works, and "novelists" were just "lowly" characters. The earliest "storytellers", the advanced ones said in teahouses or "Goulan", that is, courtyards of prostitutes, and the lower ones could only say on the roadside, just like beggars. Most of the people who write "story books" for storytellers are poor literati, and some are even smokers, drunkards, clients and losers. These people have read books since childhood and know a little about history. When they grow up, they are well informed, and some of them are especially good at words. After being down and out, there is no way to make a living, so I make up some historical stories, either telling them myself or selling them to "storytellers" for others to tell. In this case, novelists not only dare not fight for copyright, but also fear that others will ruin the "reputation" of scholars. In the eyes of literati, those who write eight-part essays are "literati", those who write poems and songs are "Confucian scholars", those who write novels are "literati" and even "sinners" who commit iniquity. For example, Li Changqi, a native of Luling (Ji 'an, Jiangxi) in the Ming Dynasty, was not only knowledgeable, but also did a lot of immortal work. Just because he wrote a legendary novel "Cutting Lights" with five volumes and twenty-two times, he was not only ridiculed before his death, but also disqualified from entering Xiangxian Temple after his death.

In the eyes of "gentlemen", novelists are not only scolded by the world, but also punished by God. For example, Tian Rucheng in the Ming Dynasty said in "Journey to the West Lake" that Luo Guanzhong was "dumb among the three generations" because of compiling "The Water Margin". In the Qing Dynasty, Tieshan had reached the point where she slandered and insulted the novelist in "Illustration of Adding Too Many Induced Articles" published in the 15th year of Guangxu: "Shi Naian wrote Water Margin, but his son Sun San was speechless. Yuan Yuling wrote "Story of the West Building", suffering from itchy tongue, chewing tongue, not eating, not talking, dead tongue. Gao Lanshu (Gao E) wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, and he was in trouble all his life. Wang Shifu wrote "The West Chamber" and got the phrase "flying north and flying south". Suddenly he fell to the ground and died of gossip; Jinsheng sighed and carved it, and it was caught in the great king. "

In such a social atmosphere, most novelists in ancient China did not sign their names, and did not need other names, such as, Nong, Shao Sheng, etc. The Water Margin is the earliest vernacular novel in China. The characters are bandits, advocating "a good murderer is a hero" and encouraging rebellion. It is not surprising that the author dare not sign.

Who is the author of Water Margin? The Water Margin is a novel written in vernacular Chinese in the history of China, which is listed as one of the four classical literary masterpieces in China by later generations. Its content tells the story of the chivalrous man headed by Song Jiang in Liangshan Park, Shandong Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, who was forced to become an outlaw, developed and expanded until he was recruited by the court and explored the East and the West. Also known as "loyalty to the Water Margin", formerly known as "Biography of Hawkers in Jianghu", commonly known as "The Water Margin", the book was finalized in the Ming Dynasty. The author has been controversial. It is generally believed that it was written by Shi Naian, compiled by Luo Guanzhong, and abridged by Jin Shengtan into seventy copies.

Shi Naian (1296- 1372), whose real name is Yan Duan, is generally considered as a novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. There are always different opinions about the author of Water Margin. At present, it is generally accepted that the author is Shi Naian. There are several other viewpoints in history, including Luo Guanzhong's theory, Shi Hui's theory, Guo Xun's theory of using another name, and Song Dynasty's theory. There is a view that the first 70 chapters of Hundred Chapters of the Marsh were written by Shi Naian, and the last 30 chapters were written by Luo Guanzhong. Another view is that this book was written by Shi Naian and then edited by Luo Guanzhong. This theory was first seen in Gao Ru's Hundred Rivers Records in the Ming Dynasty, and the Water Margin was regarded as "the book of Shi Naian in Qiantang, edited by Luo Guanzhong". This view has been recognized by many people in academic circles.

There is also a view that Water Margin belongs to "the mass creation accumulated from generation to generation", because the story of heroes in Liang Shanbo was first recorded in Xuanhe Legacy and began to spread in the Southern Song Dynasty. Before The Water Margin was written, there were many related folklore and drama stories. It can be inferred that Shi Naian borrowed a lot of materials in his creative process, including historical records, notes and some complete novels, operas or excerpts. But there is no doubt that Shi Naian enriched the characters' personalities and the development of stories in his novels.

There is also a view that all books are written by Luo Guanzhong. Daokun Wang pointed out for the first time during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty that Water Margin is a "book with a hundred times of * * * in the name of' Tian Du Wai Chen'". Later, many people in Ming and Qing Dynasties pointed out that Luo Guanzhong was the author of Water Margin. Until the Republic of China, Lu Xun and Yu Pingbo thought that Water Margin was a simple work, and a vast number of books were compiled. However, this view is generally not recognized now. Opponents believe that Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin are obviously different, and they were not written by one person at all. Wellcome Yecuo said in "Knowledge": "Two books are clumsy and vast, and each has its own principles? "Moreover, most of the evidence about Luo Guanzhong's Water Margin can't stand textual research.

Hu Shi believes that the Water Margin and All Grass (about 100 times) was written by Luo Guanzhong. The content may include the heavenly king and the collection of wax, but not the collection of Liao. Writing can be very rough.

In the second half of Water Margin, the 100 chapter edition has 30 chapters, including Zhao 'an, Liao and Fang La, and the 120 chapter edition also includes Zhao 'an and Wang Qing. The second half of Water Margin is sometimes referred to as "thinking seriously", which is more in line with Luo Guanzhong's idea of "loyalty to the monarch".

Who is the author of Water Margin? The author of Water Margin is Shi Naian, a writer at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, who is proficient in hundred schools of thought, poetry and songs, astronomy and geography, and medical astrology.

Xiang Deng, a 35-year-old scholar, abandoned his official position, worked behind closed doors, collected and sorted out the stories of heroes such as Liang Shanbo and Song Jiang, and finally wrote Water Margin, one of the "Four Great Classical Novels".

Shi Naian's original name was Yan Duan. One day, in the Water Margin, he wrote a passage about Shi Xiu killing Pei Ruhai and a monk knocking on a wooden fish. Suddenly, he thought of Torinji's wooden mallet and asked Xu Qi: Why do you keep the wooden mallet like a treasure in this buddhist nun? Xu Qi said: There once lived an old monk in this temple. He is sincere in chanting and worshipping Buddha, knocking on wooden fish while chanting Buddha. Then he pointed to Muyuwa and said, Look, if you want them to know, read and study, you must concentrate.

Shi Naian was deeply inspired by this. Afterwards, he wrote down the word "Nai 'an" and posted it on the lintel, telling himself to overcome all difficulties and write "Water Margin" well. Outsiders don't know what it means, so they call him "Mr. Naian". After a long time, he also thought the name was good, so he changed it to Shi Naian.