Measures to protect ecological balance

Ecological balance refers to the stability of two aspects in the ecosystem: on the one hand, the composition and quantitative proportion of biological species (that is, organisms, plants and microorganisms) are relatively stable; On the other hand, abiotic environment (including air, sunlight, water, soil, etc. ) remain relatively stable. Ecological balance is a dynamic balance. For example, individuals are constantly changing, but overall, the system remains stable and the number of organisms has not changed dramatically. Topic Ecological Balance (review class) Huang Taohui, Qianhuang Senior Middle School, Jiangsu Province, ability goal of the college entrance examination: 1, understanding the principle and maintenance of ecological balance; 2. Analyze and solve practical and hot issues in daily life and social development by using the principle of ecological balance; 3. Artificial new high-efficiency agricultural ecosystem and its principle analysis. Second, methods: Use exercises, ask questions, discuss, practice and other forms to enable students to meet the above-mentioned ability requirements. Third, the main line: (the internal connection between knowledge) Fourth, the process: the physical projector plays a review question: explaining the interaction between the components in the ecosystem. According to the picture, answer: Question: ① A, B and C in the picture. E indicates which components of the ecosystem ② indicates the food chain in the picture with letters, and D is in the first trophic level. ③ Can the diagram show the energy flow process of the ecosystem ④ Can the diagram show the main process of the "C" cycle of the ecosystem? If yes, what are the main physiological processes represented by ① and ②? When the ecosystem develops to a certain stage, it will reach a state of balance, which is called ecological balance. And can resist certain external interference and keep its own structure and function relatively stable). If the above picture represents grassland ecosystem, B represents grass, C represents mice and D represents foxes, please draw the curve of the number change of mice and foxes when the balance is reached, and explain why the ecosystem can maintain dynamic balance (because it has the ability of automatic adjustment). That is to say, it has certain resistance to external interference. Keep its original state of structure and function. Analysis of the following figure: As shown in the figure, the X River passes through an industrial city, Y City, with A in the upstream and D in the downstream. According to the water quality test results of the monitoring station of the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau in 2000, draw a chart as shown on the right. Please answer the following questions according to the analysis of the chart: (1) The main pollution sources that cause the pollution of X River are most likely distributed in () A and A, and ab B. Bd (2) lists three possible pollution sources that cause the pollution of X River. (3) The pollution degree at D is obviously reduced. Please briefly analyze the reasons from three aspects: physics, chemistry and biology. Natural ecosystem is complex, so is self-regulation, and it has different abilities. The following three types of ecosystems: forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem and arctic frozen original ecosystem are arranged in descending order of self-regulation ability. Explain why. Therefore, to improve the ability of an ecosystem to maintain balance, the most effective measures are: a, increasing species B in food webs, changing abiotic factors C in the environment, reducing the highest consumer D, and reducing the number of decomposers. No matter how strong the automatic adjustment of ecosystem is, there is always a certain limit. When the external interference exceeds this limit, the ecological balance will be destroyed. So what are the external disturbances (factors) that destroy the ecological balance? The destruction of ecological balance is often the result of the interaction between natural factors and human factors, and it is usually human factors that strengthen natural factors and cause the imbalance of ecological balance, such as mountain torrents, soil erosion, drought and sandstorms caused by human destruction of vegetation. It has become an important manifestation of the destruction of the ecological balance in nature. The unreasonable use of nature by human beings is mainly manifested in (please answer): deforestation, indiscriminate catching and killing, overgrazing and so on. , leading to the destruction of vegetation and food chain. List phenomena: floods and droughts in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, sandstorms in the north, etc. As mentioned earlier, in the grassland ecosystem, if we kill carnivores such as foxes and weasels at will, what will happen? (Please answer) The number of rodents will increase sharply, leading to grassland degradation and desertification, so that students can continue to complete the graphics. What is the main cause of environmental pollution caused by the development of industry and agriculture (please answer)? What is the discharge of "three wastes" in industry? Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are widely used in agriculture, so human factors are the main factors here. For thousands of years, human beings have been demanding from nature, and human production activities are increasingly interfering with the balance of natural ecosystems. Although mankind often wins the conquest of nature, nature has begun to retaliate against us. Please look at the following two groups of materials: 1. Read the following materials and answer related questions: 1998, a flood occurred in the Yangtze River basin. Its water volume and peak height were almost the same as those in 1954, but the water level exceeded the historical high, causing huge losses to people's lives and property on both sides. This situation is directly related to the ecological environment. According to statistics, in the past 30 years, the forest coverage in the Yangtze River basin has been reduced by half, the area of soil erosion has doubled, and the area of lakes in the middle and lower reaches has been reduced by 45.5%. The sedimentation height at the bottom of the lake is generally 1 ~ 3m. (1) Deforestation leads to flooding. Please explain the role of forests in preventing floods. (2) The decrease of lake area is also an important cause of flood. What are the important functions of lakes in flood control? (3) The occurrence of disasters shows the ecological environment and ecological balance, and nature has begun to retaliate against human beings. Acid rain was first put forward by British chemist RASmith 1872, which generally refers to rain, snow, fog and other precipitation with pH less than 5.6. Material 1: Acid rain will corrode the leaves of plants. A large-scale acid rain in a certain place will lead to a large-scale extinction of watermelon. Material 2: Acid rain will precipitate cations on the surface of leaves and make magnesium, iron and calcium plasma quickly lose from the soil. Material 3: Aluminum is an element harmful to organisms. It exists in soil in the form of alumina, and is almost insoluble at pH 5.6. At pH 4.6, its solubility increases by 100 times, and it is converted into aluminum sulfate. A forest farm in Sichuan killed 96% of Pinus armandii. Material 4: Students of a science and technology team in a school regularly collect acid rain samples and measure the pH value. The data in the following table are obtained: the time starts at 8 hours 16 hours, 24 hours, 32 hours, 40 hours and 48 hours, and the pH is PH5.04.84.54.34.24.04.0. According to the material, the answer is: (1) Acid rain is the increase of SO2 in the air caused by the combustion of a large number of fossil fuels in the industrial production process, which is combined with precipitation to produce SO2, which mainly affects human respiration. This kind of destruction of ecological balance belongs to (a), natural factors B, food chain destruction C, environmental pollution D, vegetation destruction (3) acid rain makes iron lose from the soil. When plants are deficient in iron, the young leaves are pale yellow or lemon, and the old leaves are still green. The reasons are: (a) The young part grows vigorously, which requires more iron than the old leaves, and iron is easy to move. The ability of young leaf cells to absorb iron is weaker than that of old leaves. (4) The total energy flowing through the ecosystem is. Therefore, a large number of plants are killed by aluminum sulfate, which will eventually threaten the survival of mankind. Therefore, we should maintain the balance of the ecosystem under the premise of following the law of ecological balance, and the destroyed ecosystem must be treated. (1) The state attaches importance to environmental protection. After the flood, a series of measures were taken, including the formulation of the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan, requiring all localities to protect forest resources, stop cutting down forests in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, close mountains to facilitate afforestation, stop deforestation and occupy land, and make arrangements for strengthening the construction of water conservancy facilities, "returning farmland to forests", "returning farmland to lakes" and "building towns by immigrants". And carry out activities to protect the "mother river" throughout the country. (4) What is the relationship between mountain management and water control? (5) What contribution will you make to the protection of "Mother River"? (2) (5) According to your biological knowledge, put forward a reasonable suggestion to prevent acid rain. Therefore, human beings must have a clear ecological point of view in production and life. Only by paying attention to ecological benefits can we maintain lasting and stable economic benefits; Only by combining economic benefits with ecological benefits can we rationally develop and utilize natural resources and protect the natural environment to the maximum extent. Of course, maintaining ecological balance is not only to maintain the original stable state of the ecosystem. Humans can also establish a new ecological balance under the premise of following the law of ecological balance, so that the ecosystem can develop in a more favorable direction. After-class thinking questions: 1, the following picture shows that farmers in the Pearl River Delta have made full use of natural conditions and established unique fish ponds dominated by sugarcane and mulberry trees in this area. Please look at the picture and answer: (1) The most basic biological factor of this artificial ecosystem is that in order to make it develop stably for a long time, all kinds of organisms should be included except stable sources. (2) The purpose of establishing this ecosystem is to give producers a fixed energy; The reason for its high energy utilization rate is its nutritional structure characteristics. (3) Silkworm dung and sugarcane leaves were used by mulberry sugarcane base after entering the fish pond. Ammonia in silkworm dung is formed after action and absorbed by plants. (4) Generally speaking, the maintenance of ecosystem functions depends on it. 2. The picture on the right shows the investigation results of scientists on the changes of forest, grassland and desert areas in northern China. This is very helpful to analyze the sandstorm weather that has appeared many times in North China since this spring. (1) Please analyze the relationship between vegetation and sandstorm formation according to the survey results. (2) Please put forward measures to control sandstorms according to the principle of ecological balance. 3. To implement the western development, we must do a good job in the protection and construction of the ecological environment, vigorously plant trees and grass, and control soil erosion. Combat desertification, etc. (1) From the analysis of ecological factors, the abiotic factors that must be solved first to improve the ecological environment in the western region are: (2) The ecological principle of "returning farmland to forests and grasslands" is to improve the ecosystem. The key to protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance is protection. (3) The recent frequent sandstorms and mud rains in Beijing and other places mainly come from the Loess Plateau and Inner Mongolia. This shows that forests and other vegetation play a very important role in other aspects. (4) Desertification has accelerated the further loss of biodiversity in the west, because. (5) Weeding and pest control should also be done for cultivated land in the west. From the point of view of energy flow, the purpose of weeding and pest control is that it is not suitable to spray a large number of chemical pesticides in pest control measures. One way to control the use of chemical pesticides is to replace chemical pesticides, and the other way is to transfer them to crops through genetic engineering. Form new insect-resistant crop varieties. The structure and function of the ecosystem are relatively stable. The concept of dynamic balance of ecological balance has the principle of automatic adjustment ability (there are large and small automatic adjustment ability, and there are certain limits). When the external interference exceeds this limit, the destruction of ecological balance (nature retaliates against human beings) follows the law of ecological balance to maintain governance and establish a new ecological balance. Natural factors and human factors (strengthening) * * * At the same time, the unreasonable use of nature by human beings, the environmental pollution caused by industrial and agricultural development, the discharge of agricultural pesticides and chemical fertilizers from industrial "three wastes" such as deforestation, indiscriminate capture and overgrazing, etc. In the urban area of Y city, the pollution degree of abcdX is different in the urban area of Y city, and the pollution degree of abcd processing plant is different in the right reach. The organic matter of cane leaves in mulberry-cane-based fish ponds, cocoon-cane ponds, mud ponds and silkworm excrement is1987198719660-40-.