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Brief introduction of how steel is made.

Ostrovsky (1904 ~ 1936), the author of How Steel was Tempered, is a famous proletarian writer and an excellent fighter in the Soviet Union. Born in a worker's family in Ukraine, 19 19 joined the league. In the revolutionary war, he was seriously injured, blind and paralyzed, but with tenacious will and amazing perseverance, he wrote How Steel was Tempered and The Birth of the Storm (I).

This book is a novel full of lofty ideals and passionate revolutionary passion. The work is based on the author's life history, but it is not the author's autobiography, but a typical literary treasure after artistic processing. Through the growth process of the protagonist Pavel Colta King in the revolutionary struggle, the novel truly and artistically reflects the social characteristics and the atmosphere of the times of the Soviet Union from the October Revolution and the Civil War to the restoration of the national economy, enthusiastically praises the younger generation of the Soviet Union who fought for the motherland, and shows their growth process and spiritual outlook. As soon as this book was published, it was welcomed and praised by readers at home and abroad. It has been reprinted hundreds of times in China and has been translated into more than 50 national languages for wide dissemination. The book has been translated and published in China, India, Brazil, Mongolia, Argentina and other countries. The image of Pavel Kochakin has long been a typical art and life model loved by people all over the world. Paul's famous saying about "life" has become the motto of millions of revolutionary youth.

abstract

Paul Kochakin, born in a poor railway worker's family, lost his father in his early years and made a living entirely by his mother washing and cooking for others. /kloc-when he was 0/2 years old, his mother sent him to the station canteen to do odd jobs and was humiliated there. He hates bullying shopkeepers. He hates rich people who spend their time drinking.

After the "October Revolution" broke out, imperialists and reactionaries attempted to strangle the nascent Soviet regime. Paul's hometown, Shebetoka, Ukraine, has also experienced years of foreign armed intervention and civil war. The Red Army liberated the town of Shebetovka, but it quickly retreated, leaving only the old Bush Viktojuk to do underground work in the town. He stayed at Paul's house for a few days and told him a lot about the revolution, the working class and class struggle. Zhu was the initial leader of Paolo on the revolutionary road.

On a fishing trip, Paul met tonya, the daughter of a forestry official.

One day, Zhu was captured by the white bandit troops. Paul inquired about his whereabouts everywhere. On the way of the bandit troops escorting Zhu, Paul swooped down, knocked the bandit troops down in the trench and escaped with Zhu. Paul was sent to prison because of the snitch of Victor, the son of Polish aristocrat Lizensky. In prison, Paul endured torture and was strong and unyielding. In order to welcome Bai Fei leader Petriu to visit the town, a second-class officer mistakenly released Paul as an ordinary prisoner. Afraid of falling into the clutches again, he didn't dare to go home, so he involuntarily came to the front of tonya's garden and jumped into it. Because Paul saved Niya on his last fishing trip, and she liked his "passionate and stubborn" personality, so her arrival made her very happy. Paul also thinks that tonya is different from other rich girls. They all feel hazy love. In order to take refuge, he agreed to tonya's request and stayed. A few days later, tonya found Paul's brother Arqing, and he sent his brother to Khartoum to join the Red Army.

Paul worked as a scout after joining the army and later became a cavalry. He is an able man who dares to charge on the battlefield and an excellent political propagandist. He especially likes reading Gadfly, Spartacus and other works, and often reads aloud or tells stories to his comrades. In a fierce battle, his head was badly injured, but he overcame his death with tenacious perseverance. His physical condition prevented him from returning to the front, so he immediately devoted himself to restoring and building the country. He worked in the league, eliminated counter-revolutionaries and devoted himself to hard manual labor. In particular, the work of building railways is particularly difficult; Autumn rain, mud, heavy snow, frozen soil, lack of clothes and food, open-air accommodation, but also attacked by armed bandits and threatened by disease.

During this period, his love with tonya was in crisis, and tonya's vulgar individualism disgusted him. When I saw her again when I was building the railway, she had married a rich engineer. When Paul was the secretary of the Youth League Committee in the railway factory, he had frequent contact with Lida, a member of the Youth League Committee, and they gradually developed feelings. But he mistook Rita's brother for her lover and lost the chance to fall in love with her.

At the end of the road construction work, Paul got typhoid fever and caused pneumonia, so the organization had to send Paul back to his hometown to recuperate. On the way, he falsely reported that Paul was dead, but Paul defeated death for the fourth time and returned to the world. After his illness, he returned to work and joined the party. Due to various injuries and selfless work, Paul's physique is getting worse and worse, and he has lost his ability to work. The party organization had to terminate his work and let him stay in hospital for a long time. While recuperating at the seaside, he met Daya and fell in love. While constantly helping Daya to make progress, Paul began to study tenaciously and improve his writing ability. 1927, Paul was completely paralyzed and then became blind. The raging disease finally bound the soldier full of fighting passion to the hospital bed. Paul once had suicidal thoughts, but he soon got out of the trough. This paralyzed, blind man with no writing experience began his heroic career-literary creation. Paul endured great physical and mental pain. First he wrote in a cardboard box, then he dictated it himself and asked someone to record it for him. With the help of his mother and wife, his novel How Steel was Tempered was finally published in 1934! Paul took up new weapons and started a new life.

An Overview of Robinson Crusoe

Robinson was born in a respectable merchant family, eager to sail and bent on seeing something overseas. He kept it from his father.

When he went out to sea, he was caught in a big storm on his first voyage and the ship sank, so he managed to escape. Go to sea for the second time

Africa has made a fortune doing business. The third time, he was unfortunately captured by the Moors and became a slave. Later, he scratched his master.

Our ship escaped and was rescued by a Portuguese cargo ship on the way. After the ship arrived in Brazil, he bought a manor there and made it.

Manor owner. Not content with getting rich in this way, he went out to sea and sold slaves in Africa.

On the way, the ship was caught in a storm and hit a rock. All the sailors and passengers on board were killed. Only Robinson survived and drifted alone.

On an isolated island. He made a raft from the mast of the sunken ship and put food, clothes,

Guns, ammunition, tools, etc. It was transported to the shore and settled in a tent on the hillside. Then he put a sharp stake in his account.

Fence around the tent, and dig holes behind the tent. He made furniture such as tables and chairs with simple tools and hunted game as food.

Drinking the water from the stream overcame the initial difficulties.

He began to grow barley and rice on the island, made his own wooden mortar, pestle and sieve, processed flour and baked it rough.

Bread. He captured and domesticated wild goats and let them breed. He also makes pottery and so on to ensure his own needs.

Even so, Robinson never gave up looking for a way to leave the island. It took him five or six months to cut down a big tree.

It's time to make a canoe, but the boat is too heavy to drag into the sea, so we have to give up all our efforts and build another one.

There is only one small one.

Robinson lived alone on the island 17 years later, one day, he found that the coast of the island was covered with human bones, and all these human bones were burned.

A group of savages who came to the outer islands once held a feast of human flesh here. Robinson was surprised. He's been on his guard ever since,

Pay more attention to the things around you. Until the 24th year, another group of savages came to the island, ready to kill the captive.

Robinson found and rescued one of them. Robinson named the rescued aborigines "Friday". Since then,

Friday became Robinson's faithful servant and friend. Then, Robinson saved the west with "Friday"

The Spaniard and the father of Friday. Soon an English ship docked near the island, and the sailors on board made trouble and let the captain go.

Three people were abandoned on the island, and Robinson and Friday helped the captain subdue the sailors and recapture the ship. He put that

Help the sailors stay on the island and leave the desert island with "Friday" and the captain to return to England. By this time, Robinson had left home.

35 years. He got married in England and has three children. After his wife died, Robinson went out to sea again for business and passed him by.

After crossing the desert island, the sailors and Spaniards who stayed on the island have settled down and thrived. Robinson sent new immigrants,

Give them the land on the island, leave them all kinds of daily necessities and leave the island with satisfaction.

Brief introduction of Xiangzi camel

The novel Camel's Appearance is the representative work of Lao She 1899 to 1966, a famous modern writer in China. Lao She, whose original name was Shu Qingchun, was born in a poor family in Beijing and grew up in the living environment of the bottom citizens in Beijing. From 1924, Lao She worked as a Chinese teacher in Tian Xiang, England, until 1929. There, he read a lot of western European literary masterpieces and began to write novels. Early works, such as Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Zhao Ziyue, Ermayina, etc. There is irony in humor, which is quite close to that written by British writer Dickens, but exaggeration is sometimes out of proportion, and it is almost flashy. However, for Lao She, the initial creation is an indispensable practice. In 1930s, his creation gradually matured, and finally his masterpiece Camel Xiangzi was released at 1936.

Camel Xiangzi tells the tragic story of Xiangzi, a rickshaw driver in Beiping, old China. Xiangzi came from the countryside, and the declining countryside made him unable to survive. He came to this city, eager to create a new life with his honest work. He tried all kinds of jobs and finally chose a rickshaw. This career choice shows that although Xiangzi left the land, his way of thinking is still the way of thinking of farmers. He is used to individual labor, and he is also eager to have a car as reliable as land. Buy a car and be an independent worker. "This is his wish, hope and even religion." The city seems to have given Xiangzi a chance to realize his wish. Struggled for three years, bought a car, and was robbed in less than half a year. But Xiangzi still refused to give up his car dream. Although he doubted his pursuit and wavered several times, he kept pulling himself together and struggling again. It should be said that Xiangzi's tenacious character and stubborn attitude struggle with life, which constitutes the main plot content of the novel. The end of the struggle ended in Xiangzi's failure, and he finally failed to realize his dream of owning his own car. The realistic profundity of this novel lies in that it not only describes Xiangzi's material life deprived by the harsh living environment, but also describes Xiangzi's spiritual degeneration after his life ideal is destroyed. "He has no heart. His heart has been taken away." In this way, a hardworking and kind-hearted rural youth was transformed into a walking dead unemployed.

Xiangzi's tragedy is the product of his social life environment. By describing the characters and interpersonal relationships around Xiangzi, the novel truly shows the life of that dark society, the ugly faces of warlords, spies and car factory owners, and the distorted reflection of the oppression and oppressed relationship of Xiangzi by their ruling network. The novel does not avoid the instinctive desire and a little attachment between Xiangzi and Tigress, but at the same time it profoundly describes that even this kind of love between men and women is based on the relationship between money and interests, so Tigress should always keep the money in her own hands. "The money is in her own hands, and the power is on her own." The combination of Tigress and Xiangzi undoubtedly aggravated Xiangzi's tragedy.

Camel Xiangzi occupies an important position in the history of modern literature in China. Most of the new literature after the May 4th Movement is good at describing the lives of intellectuals and peasants, but few works describe the urban poor. The appearance of Lao She broke this situation. With a number of works describing the life of the urban poor, especially the novel Camel Xiangzi, he expanded the expression range of new literature and made special contributions to the development of new literature.

Camel Xiangzi was first published in Cosmic Wind magazine (1936), and the new single was published by People's Literature Publishing House (1955+0). Lao She once made a revision, deleting the second half of Chapter 23 and the whole Chapter 24. The complete works of Lao She published by People's Literature Publishing House in 1980s, 1982, restored the original appearance of the old edition.

Xiangzi's hometown is in the countryside. When his parents died at the age of eighteen, he went to Beiping to earn money. With that strong, wooden, diligent and honest country boy, he did a lot of money-making things. Finally, he decided that pulling a cart was the best money-making job. When he pulled the rented new car, he made up his mind to save money to buy his own car.

Xiangzi scrimped, smoked, drank and gambled, and finally spent three years collecting 100 hard-earned money to buy a new car. I feel that life is full of hope, and the more I pull, the harder I work. However, the good times did not last long. Warlords scuffled outside Beiping, and soldiers grabbed people and cars everywhere. One day, in order to earn two more dollars, Xiangzi invited guests out of the city by luck. Unexpectedly, on the road, people and cars were caught by more than a dozen soldiers. In the military camp, he carries luggage for the soldiers every day, draws water and boils water to feed the animals. He felt sorry for the car he had worked hard for. Later, after the defeat, Xiangzi slipped back from the barracks in the dark. He also pulled three camels left by the soldiers when they retreated and sold them to 35 yuan. Since then, he has been nicknamed "Xiangzi Camel".

Xiangzi has no home, so he lives in the garage in Si Liu. Si Liu has more than 60 cars in his garage, and his daughter Tigress helps him manage them. Tigress is a 37-year-old girl, dignified and strong, like a man. Master Si Liu is in charge, and Tigress is in charge. Father and daughter manage people and the garage like iron barrels. It seems that he has a soft spot for cars, and he doesn't want to be idle at ordinary times, cleaning cars, cheering up, hanging ponchos, refueling ... having fun. So sometimes, although Xiangzi didn't pull Si Liu's rickshaw, Si Liu let him stay in the factory all the time. One night, Tigress lured him to drink, and then slept with Xiangzi all night. Xiangzi woke up depressed and began to try to avoid her. Just as Mr. Cao, an old customer, asked him for a monthly subscription, Xiangzi moved to Cao Zhai with joy.

Unexpectedly, Tigress put a pillow in her waistband, stood up and said that she was pregnant with Xiangzi's child, threatening Xiangzi to marry her. Xiangzi can only be at her mercy.

Mr. Cao's socialist remarks caught the detective's attention and he had to hide far away. He sent Xiangzi home to deliver the letter. As a result, Xiangzi was blackmailed by Detective Sun, and his plan to buy a car went bankrupt. Xiangzi had no choice but to go back to the garage. Si Liu couldn't stand his daughter hooking up with that smelly rickshaw, forcing her to make a choice. Tigress insisted on choosing Xiangzi, but Si Liu immediately fell out with Tigress and kicked Xiangzi out. Tigress asked Xiangzi to tell Si Liu that he was soft-hearted and resigned to his fate, but Xiangzi refused. So Tigress simply rented a house, hired a sedan chair and married Xiangzi. She used her private money to buy Xiangzi's neighbor Er Qiangzi's car at a low price.

Soon Tigress was really pregnant. He worked hard to pull a rickshaw to make money, fell ill and used up Tigress's savings. Joel Hadron's daughter Joey also helps with the housework. Tigress died in childbirth, and Xiangzi sold the car to arrange Tigress's funeral. Joy is interested in Xiangzi, and Xiangzi likes her very much, but she can't afford two younger brothers and a drunken father. He said to Joey, "When I get mixed up, I'll marry you." He found another garage and pulled up the rickshaw. When Mr. Cao came back from refuge, he asked Xiangzi to come back to collect the moon and promised him to take Xi 'er to live with him. However, Joy was sold into a brothel and died. Xiangzi lost his mind in the street and finally completely degenerated. He ate, drank, whored, gambled, got gonorrhea, became lazy and oily, and betrayed his friends. He didn't go back to Mr. Cao's house, and finally made a living by doing odd jobs for people who arranged weddings and funerals, and Xiangzi also came to his end.