The Life of Anton dvorak's Characters

Dvorak's birthplace, dvorak, was born in the town of NeiLakhov near Prague. His father, Franti? ek Dvo？ ák runs an ancestral inn and butcher shop. His mother Anna zdková is the daughter of a freight guard. Anthony is their first son, and Anthony has always had eight younger brothers.

When he was 6 years old, he went to the primary school in Nelahozeves, where he had his first violin lesson. 1853, he moved to Zlonis to study German. At that time, German was the foundation of Bohemia. There, he studied piano and organ with Anthony Lichtman, the leader of the church choir. During this period, he sometimes played the organ to support his family. He also played in the teacher's band and began to compose music. There is a long-standing rumor, supported by forged full-time teacher certificates, that dvorak's parents forced Anthony to learn slaughtering techniques, but there is no evidence to prove the truth of this rumor.

1856 dvorak in autumn? Esca Kamenice, presumably studying German, is going to attend the Prague Organ School where German is taught. He attended organ school for two years, an ordinary school, and played in the C & ampaumlCilien Association Band.

Dvorak tried to get a position as an organist, but failed. From the summer of 1859, he worked as a violinist in Karl Komzak's orchestra, playing music collections, overtures and dance music in cafes or public places. Dvorak lived like this for eleven years, during which he didn't publish any works. Judging from the works that flowed out during this period, his own composition can be said to be gradual, from Mozart at the beginning, through Mendelssohn and Schumann, to Wagner in the late1870s. At first, his focus was on string quartets.

Starting from 1862, Komzak's band took the stage in the newly-opened Prague Temporary Theatre, and was upgraded to an opera orchestra around 1865. Before the National Theatre was built, this temporary theatre was the first place for Czech opera and drama. Among them, Bedrich Smetana made a lot of contributions, and his "Brandenburg in Bohemia" and "Bride Betrayed" premiered here 1866.

From 65438 to 0865, dvorak not only worked in a band, but also began to teach piano in a theater. His female students are sisters Josefina and Anna? Ermáková. At that time, dvorak fell in love with Iosefina, who was 17 years old. Unfortunately, they were not married. However, Anna, who was 1 1, married dvorak on June 1873+0 17, eight years later. 1870, dvorak wrote the first opera "Alfred", a German play, but this opera didn't get a chance to perform before his death, which is also a kind of practice. The first work accepted by the audience is bernhard J. Luo Beske &; Yacute wrote it in Czech. In July, he quit his job in the band just to have more time to compose music. From 187 1 to 1873, he published the opera, chamber music and hymn "The Heritage of White Mountain" for the choir and band, and these works were warmly praised and affirmed.

It's just that his opera The King and the Charcoal Burner is not satisfactory. 1873 the rehearsal of the temporary theater has started, but it has to be interrupted. It is said that the opera is too difficult to sing. Dvorak once again re-examined his own style, abandoned the Neo-German school and re-composed the music, which premiered on 1874 and was a great success.

Teaching in private music schools from 1874. In February, he got an organ position, where he worked until 1877. 1884 dvorak went to London for the first time at the invitation of the Philharmonic Society. Lu sarca (adapted from the narrative poem of Karel Ya Romil Elbene) and Saint rumina written in the past two years were commissioned by Birmingham and Leeds.

After his first trip to London, dvorak went to Pribram (P? Vysoka next to Bram is a summer resort, where he can stay away from the city and enjoy nature. From 65438 to 0877, his public appearance stopped, and he only accepted a small amount of entrustment to modify his old works and write the opera The Man of jacobins.

1889 At the beginning of this year, dvorak visited Moscow and St. Petersburg at the invitation of the Russian Royal Music Association. After another trip to London, he returned to Prague, where he received an honorary doctorate from Kars University. 1890 became a professor at the Conservatory of Music in June. In fact, he received the employment notice of 1 889 in1month, but he had to refuse because he was busy at that time. 1892 dvorak went to new york National Conservatory of Music as the dean. The annual salary of 65,438+05,000 is very attractive to dvorak's financial situation. However, he should also consider the issue of family reunion, with his wife, daughter Otille and son antonin accompanying him. The other four children came to America in the summer of 1893. At that time, the family had a wonderful time in bevil, a Czech immigrant village in Iowa.

The appointment proposal was put forward by Janet Thurber, the chairman. She wants to liberate the United States from the situation that European music dominates the world and set up her own artistic idol. Dvorak deeply agreed with this goal, and studied the spiritual songs and Indian melodies of the plantation black workers, which he believed were the roots of American music.

Dvorak wrote famous works for new york: Symphony No.9 "From the New World", "Praise of Gratitude" and Chapter 96 of String Quartet, namely "American String Quartet". We can see the infiltration of American musical elements, such as pentatonic scale, lead reduction and syncopation application. His term of office was originally two years, but it was later extended for two years. But dvorak returned to China in April, 1895. The reason may be that his female guarantor Thurber's financial situation deteriorated sharply after an economic crisis. As a result, dvorak was repeatedly owed wages.

Dvorak spent several months quietly in Mount Visoka. 1 1 In June, he took up his post in Prague Conservatory of Music again. He had planned to move to Vienna, where it shouldn't be a problem to get a position, but it didn't come true in the end. His last string quartet was born in this period. 1896 dvorak drew a clear line with absolute music. Although he had written some works called title music before, such as 1889' s Poetic Vocal Painting for Piano, he called it "title music, but it was Schumann-style", or Dumky Trio (piano trio) in the same year. But now he has turned directly to the creation of symphonic poems. This is a genre of music, which is one of the focuses of the debate between Liszt and Wagner's New German School.

Within a year, he wrote The Monster, The Witch at Noon, The Golden Spinning Wheel and The Wild Pigeon. These works are all adapted from Kytice, a collection of narrative poems by Czech poet Karel Ya Romil Elbene. He told the audience the plots of these stories with prose music. The following year, he also wrote Song of Heroes. Although he didn't disclose the outline, he explained it in a letter. Dvorak in Prague, like dvorak at this time, has completed his chamber music and orchestra. In his later years, he only wrote operas: The Devil and Kate in 1898, The Water Fairy in 1900, and Amida in 1902/3.

At the premiere of Amida, dvorak had to leave midway because of leg pain. A few days later, he caught a cold and had to stay in bed. 1 904 may1day, he passed away quietly with his family. The cause of death was heart failure at the age of 63. On the fourth day of his death, the Czech Republic held a state funeral for him.