How did American immigrants promote the development of American values

The United States is the largest immigrant country in the world, with more immigrants than all countries in the world combined. continue

After several large-scale immigration waves in history, 1965, especially since 1990, the United States is experiencing the largest immigration wave in history. According to statistics, there was only 1990 by 2005.

Suddenly, the United States added immigrants150 thousand, accounting for 75% of the total number of immigrants in the world; At present, the number of illegal immigrants in the United States is as high as 6.5438+0.2 million, which is close to 4% of the total population of the United States, and it is still increasing at an annual rate of 300,000.

In addition

In American history, the immigration policy has changed in different periods, and in recent years it has been gradually relaxed for economic development. It is not only the latitude of economic development that determines American immigration policy, but also the consideration of American government from values, national security, economic interests, culture, race and other dimensions, which leads to its attitude towards immigrants showing inconsistency between acceptance and rejection.

I. Supporting considerations

Generally speaking, on the one hand, this consideration stands at the moral high ground and emphasizes the symbolic significance of immigration to the United States; On the one hand, it emphasizes the practical significance of immigrating to the United States from the practical interests.

(1) Defend the core values. correct

For supporters, the "American Dream" is the root of why the United States has become the United States, and supporting immigrants is a defense of the core values such as freedom, equality and human rights contained in the "American Dream". The Declaration of Independence clearly states that

The natural rights of human beings include "the right to life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness", which is the foundation of the United States. The rights of pioneers who emigrated to the New World in pursuit of freedom and happiness also belonged to the latecomers.

Immigrants.

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The defense of core values is an important value basis for the vast majority of the public to maintain an open and inclusive attitude towards immigrants. In fact, an important aspect of the adjustment of American immigration policy from 65438 to 0965 is the establishment of "family reunion priority"

It is largely based on the consideration of core values such as human rights. Another consideration based on human rights is the refugee policy. The United States is one of the few major countries in the world that receives a large number of refugees.

(2) It has made great contributions to economic development. beautiful

China is the biggest beneficiary of global human resource flow. In the international competition of talents and labor resources, with the help of the adjustment of immigration policy, the United States has obtained the high-end and low-end human resources needed by the labor market, immigration

It has promoted the increase of social wealth and made great contributions to economic development. The data shows that immigrants generally receive good education and vocational training. For example, the proportion of immigrants with graduate degrees is much higher than that of Americans.

Earth. Statistics show that a quarter of the enterprises in Silicon Valley are founded by immigrants from India and China. The immigration policy of the United States is also aimed at attracting and introducing high-tech talents, which is what the United States has always maintained in the field of science and technology.

An important reason for the leading position. Generally speaking, immigration itself is the result of choice, even if it is not a high-tech talent. On the one hand, immigrants have stronger working motivation and pioneering spirit. Immigrants start businesses.

Industry and labor create social wealth and promote economic development through consumption. On the other hand, immigration is an important force for economic development. Research shows that immigrant groups, including illegal immigrant groups, are all young men.

Mainly, they are an important part of American labor resources. In addition, immigrants generally use some funds to "pour all their money", and the economic development of the United States continues to benefit from the financial resources brought by immigrants.

(3) Promote cultural diversity and ethnic diversity. move

People bring not only tangible resources, but also different languages, ideas, races and religions. What the United States benefits most from Europe is the immigrant population and its culture, which is further promoted by immigrants from all over the world.

Cultural and racial diversity in the United States. Without the integration of different cultures and races, there would be no current American culture and race. Supporters point out that society needs innovation, just as organisms need to get business from the outside.

Just like the growth and prosperity of talents, the continuous immigration brings and promotes the diversity of American culture and race, which not only creates the innate advantages of Americans in physical strength and intelligence, but also precisely creates the life of American society.

Where strength and vitality lie.

Second, opposing considerations.

(1) A threat to national security. cold

After the war, non-traditional security issues have become the focus of national security in various countries, and immigration issues have also been regarded as a worldwide problem affecting non-traditional security. The national security concerns of immigration opponents are mainly reflected in the following two aspects.

First, national security in the sense of territory and sovereignty. The United States is the largest settlement of illegal immigrants in the world. Illegal immigrants mainly come from two ways. The first is illegal entry. Illegal immigrants to the United States through this route

People, accounting for about 60% of the total number of illegal immigrants, most of whom illegally crossed the border between the United States and Mexico. The second is to legally enter the country with temporary visas such as travel, work and study, and illegally stay. such

Illegal immigrants account for about 40% of the total illegal immigrants in the United States. The second is national security in the sense of national composition, cultural tradition and national identity. This is the biggest concern of the American elite about immigration, which is related to national security.

The core issue. Statistics show that in 20 10, Hispanic population accounted for about 16% of the total population in the United States, and has replaced African Americans as the largest minority in the United States. It is predicted that by 2050, white people will occupy the United States.

China's population will drop to 52%, while Hispanics will account for more than a quarter of the total population, and the population and ethnic structure of the United States will undergo fundamental changes. Facing the surging tide of immigration, national security issues

More and more scholars and politicians believe that the United States is "in danger" and call for maintaining the absolute superiority of American racial and cultural traditions.

(2) It may disrupt the order of economic development. move

People's opponents believe that immigrants, including illegal immigrants, have undermined the normal economic development order in the following aspects. First, the most basic level is the consumption of natural environment, natural resources and energy by immigrants. sequence

Second, immigrants, especially illegal immigrants, rob American citizens of employment opportunities and aggravate the unemployment problem. It is found that the increase of immigrant population is positively correlated with the decrease of employment rate. In particular, a large number of illegal immigrants serve as cheap labor.

Force, with low wages and high-intensity labor robbed the lower class of job opportunities, reducing the wage level of workers. Third, it has hindered technological progress and economic development. Low-end immigrants /index.html Low-cost labor hinders machine production and

Technological progress has turned the economy into a low-tech labor-intensive economy, which has affected the overall level of manufacturing and service industries and hindered economic development.

(3) crowding out social welfare resources. counter

Critics believe that immigrants occupy public resources such as social welfare, reduce people's living standards and quality of life, and aggravate social poverty. The data shows that more than 60% of the public believe that illegal immigrants have enjoyed their own tribute.

Providing incompatible social welfare and public services, of which school education is the biggest one. After California 1994 Act strictly restricted illegal immigrants from the aspect of social welfare policy, the Clinton administration

1996 promulgated the Law on Illegal Immigrants Reform and Immigrant Responsibility, which not only restricts illegal immigrants from enjoying social welfare, but also restricts legal immigrants from enjoying social welfare services, which is the embodiment of this sentiment. Besides,

Illegal immigration has aggravated social poverty. According to the statistical results in 2007, 2 1% of illegal immigrants live below the poverty line, and one third of their children live in poverty, which greatly aggravates the poverty of the whole society.

Poverty level.

(4) trampling on legal dignity. no

Few Americans think that illegal entry or detention of immigrants is a violation of national legal dignity and the principle of rule of law. In fact, illegal immigrants have worsened social order, increased social crimes and increased judicial costs. In recent years

In recent years, the federal government's expenditure on border prevention and control has increased significantly. In 2002, the fiscal expenditure on border protection, immigration and customs enforcement was $7.46 billion, and in 2007 it was $654.38+0.2 billion.

Yuan, from 20 10 in 2009, climbed to more than1700 million dollars. In addition, the number of illegal immigrants repatriated by the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau has also increased year by year. Repatriation of nearly 300,000 illegal immigrants in 2007; 20 10 has been sent

Repatriation of nearly 400 thousand illegal immigrants, a record high, 70% of whom are Mexicans; The number of illegal immigrants repatriated in 20 1 1 and 20 12 is the same as that in 20 10. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in April 1965 Only 438+02

In a raid by the Law Bureau, more than 3,000 illegal immigrants with criminal records were arrested, which was also the largest raid in the institution's history.