1. After the reunification of the two Germanys (East and West Germany), what is the population of Germany so far?

Germany’s population and ethnic groups

Germany’s total population is 82.264 million (of which 7.3 million are foreigners). Elderly people over 60 years old account for 23% of the population, while those under 20 years old Youth and children account for only 21%. In 2000, the birth rate was 0.92%, the death rate was 1.05%, the natural growth rate was -0.12%, the immigration balance was 0.24%, the total population growth rate was 0.12%, and the population density was 230 people/square kilometer. Second only to Russia in Europe. With a population density of 230 people per square kilometer, it is also one of the most densely populated countries in Europe.

Germany’s population distribution is very uneven. After reunification, the population of the Berlin area increased rapidly and now reaches more than 4.3 million people. The densely urban industrial areas along the Rhine and Ruhr rivers have a population of over 11 million. Other densely populated areas include the Rhine-Main region where large cities such as Frankfurt, Wiesbaden and Mainz are located, the industrial area in the Rhine-Neckar river basin, the economic region centered on Stuttgart, and Bremen and Dres. Don, Hamburg, Cologne, Leipzig, Munich and Nuremberg and other cities and affiliated areas. The grasslands and swamps of the North German lowlands, the Eifel, the Bavarian Forest, the Upper Palatinate, the Brandenburg border areas and much of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern are sparsely populated. The population density of western Germany is significantly higher than that of eastern Germany. Four of the 20 cities with a population of more than 300,000 are in eastern Germany. Germany's annual birth rate (in 2000) was 9.2 births per 1,000 people, which has always been one of the lowest birth rates in the world, with an average of only 1.8 children per couple. Germany's population growth after World War II was mainly due to immigration.

The German nation and ethnic minorities

Today’s German nation is collectively called the Germans. They are composed of the Franks, Saxons, Swabians and Bavarians, the ancient Germans. The Man tribe was formed after nearly a thousand years of coexistence and growth, and their respective traditions, customs and dialects continue to this day. From this, in Germany, people are divided into Bavarians, Swabians, Rhinelanders, Hessians, Mecklenburgers, Saxons, Westphalians, etc. People also have some fixed views on their character traits. For example, the Mecklenburg people are taciturn, the Rhinelanders are bold and cheerful, the Westphalians are mature and steady, the Swabians are frugal, and the Saxons are industrious and clever. And enough to wait. Not only do they differ in character, but they also retain their distinctive characteristics in the style of their buildings and residential areas, their daily habits, clothing and diet. There are also a small number of Danes, Gypsies and Sorbians living in Germany. The Sorbs are the only ethnic minority in Germany.

Foreigners in Germany

There are 7.3 million foreigners among Germany's 82.264 million residents, that is, about one foreigner for every 12 people. Historically, 2.107 million Turks have been the largest group of foreigners, followed by 721,000 people from today's Yugoslavia, Serbia/Mongolia. There are approximately 281,400 people from Bosnia and Herzegovina and 206,600 people from Croatia living in Germany. Approximately 608,000 Italians, 363,000 Greeks, 185,000 Austrians, 132,000 Spanish, 132,000 Portuguese, 115,000 British, 113,000 Dutch and 104,000 French make up the largest group of residents from EU countries. About 283,000 Poles, 95,000 Romanians and 110,000 Americans live in Germany.

In addition, there are 50,500 people from the former Soviet Union, 52,000 people from Hungary, 84,000 people from Morocco, 25,500 people from Tunisia, 22,000 people from Ghana, 19,600 people from Brazil, 66,500 people from Afghanistan, China 36,700 people, India 36,000 people, Iran 114,000 people, Lebanon 56,000 people, Pakistan 38,000 people, Sri Lanka 60,000 people and Vietnam 88,000 people.

Almost half of foreigners have lived in Germany for at least 10 years, and 30% have lived here for 20 years or more. Among foreigners who have lived here for at least 10 years, about 900,000 are under the age of 25; two-thirds of the teenagers were born here.

Germany will continue to restrict the immigration of foreigners, and the regulations promulgated in 1973 to stop the recruitment of employees from non-EU countries will continue to be effective, and illegal entry and employment will be punished. Since January 1, 2000, Germany has implemented a new Nationality Law.