Why is the prosperous time of Kanggan a dead end in Qing Dynasty? Is kanggan prosperous time just a joke?

In ancient China, many dynasties developed into prosperous times, such as Kaiyuan Prosperity and Kanggan Prosperity, which can be regarded as the heyday at that time. However, many people think that the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty is actually just a joke, just a flash in the pan in the Qing Dynasty, and a moment of health before dying. What's going on here? Why do you think so? What kind of era is the prosperous time of Kanggan? Why do many people think this is just a joke? Let's have a look.

1. What is the historical truth of the prosperous time of Kanggan? "Kangxi and Jiangxi prosperous times", also known as "Jiangxi prosperous times", is a prosperous time in the early Qing Dynasty. Is the last glimmer of light in China feudal society. It started in the 20th year of Kangxi (168 1) and ended in the first year of Jiaqing (1796) when An Baili Rebellion broke out in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Chu, lasting 1 15.

What is a prosperous time? We usually think that the flourishing age has the following characteristics: national unity, political and economic stability, strong national strength and cultural prosperity. It is doubtful whether the "prosperous time of kanggan" really exists, and even many scholars say that "prosperous time of kanggan" is a joke.

Technology:

Undeniably, the "prosperous time of kanggan" is indeed another peak of peaceful prosperity in feudal society, but it is also an imperfect prosperity. At that time, China seemed prosperous on the surface, but actually it was stagnant. While China was still reclaiming wasteland, the West was developing rapidly. While the western system reform and technological revolution are developing rapidly, China is still self-deprecating, closed to the outside world, and has made no progress in invention and technology.

People's lives:

In the eyes of Mangane, a missionary of the Ming Dynasty, Kanggan flourished like this: "There is amazing poverty everywhere", "People are in rags and even naked" and "an army as shabby as beggars." "All the rubbish we threw was eaten!" Mangane, the British ambassador at that time, was keenly aware of the decline of the Qing Dynasty, regarded the Manchu regime as "a broken ship" and predicted that it would be "no longer disciplined and safe". He described the Qing Dynasty as a giant with clay feet, and the "China people" degenerated into a "semi-barbarian" era.

Culture:

The policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" adopted by the Qing government made the developing capitalism absolutely suppressed. Daxing's "literary prison" wiped out a large number of literati and imprisoned the people's thoughts. The whole society developed slowly and the gap with the West widened. Although the state's management of the border areas has been strengthened, the contradiction between the central government and ethnic minorities has intensified, leading to the uprising of the border people.

Racial conflict:

After the Manchu Dynasty seized the national political power, it regarded all ethnic groups in China as slaves, stressed that Manchu and Han could not marry, and at the same time "shaved their heads and changed clothes", which caused fierce resistance from Han people in the south of the Yangtze River and slaughtered innocent people. From "anti-Qing Dynasty regaining sight" in the early Qing Dynasty to "expelling Tatars and restoring China" in the late Qing Dynasty, China people's struggle against Manchu never stopped.

Therefore, to sum up, the entry of the Qing dynasty into the customs actually caused a retrogression in history, and the income of Kanggan's prosperous time was not even comparable to that of the Song Dynasty.

2. How to treat the prosperous time of Kanggan is a true proposition, but it was only at the end of feudalism that it was revealed to the world. In the corresponding historical period, it was still ahead of the world in economy, and at that time it was still the object of western learning and envy, but the prosperity of Kanggan can only be said to be an economic prosperity, not a cultural prosperity, but we can't treat it as a joke.

130 years, Kang Yong's three generations of rule was the most prosperous period of the Qing dynasty. In this 130 years, foreign wars have been reported frequently, domestic economy has prospered, and people's living standards have been greatly improved. However, under this prosperous time, it also masks the sadness of culture. For hundreds of years, ideology and culture have been greatly restricted, and people's thinking is rigid and lack creativity.

In the prosperous period of Kanggan, China's gross national product accounted for more than 40% of the world's GDP, but its total population only accounted for 20%, and its economic strength completely surpassed that of other countries. Therefore, there is no doubt that this prosperous period is real, and it really represents the highest productivity at that time.

However, under this prosperous time, there are endless scars. Take Kangxi's southern tour as an example. Although Kangxi's previous southern tours were all hosted by Cao family, which was a great honor, it caused a deficit in the weaving institute. In the end, even the Cao family lost all their money and was finally killed by Yongzheng. This is just a microcosm of this prosperous time.

Qianlong worked hard in his early years, and the whole national economy is still rising. However, the seven trips to the south of the Yangtze River not only emptied the treasury, but also allowed officials to take the opportunity to collect money. In his later years, the whole prosperity of Qianlong was crumbling. This monster has been hollowed out, but it is only superficial, which is one of the reasons why the Qing Dynasty quickly went to ruin after Jiaqing ascended the throne.

3. The Debate on the Prosperous Age of Kanggan Zhou Siyuan, a professor at beijing language and culture university Institute of Chinese Studies, disagreed that Kanggan period was a "prosperous age" and could only be called "the rule of Kanggan". He believes that the reason why Han and Tang Dynasties are recognized as prosperous times has a lot to do with their relaxed political environment and enterprising spirit. The biggest mistake of Kang Yong's three dynasties was to imprison his thoughts, such as the harsh and cruel imprisonment thought represented by the literary inquisition. As for the "economic development in Kang Yong period", it is a kind of recovery development after frequent wars since the late Ming Dynasty. It is not a revolutionary increase in productivity caused by the use of new production methods and new science and technology. There were many great inventions in ancient China. Mr. Needham once listed more than 0/000 great inventions in ancient China. Many of these 65,438+0,000 inventions have influenced the world, but let's think about it. In 268, the Qing Dynasty, which invention of China influenced the world? Not at all. Why did China people who were so smart at that time become cowards? This problem deserves our deep thought. "

Dai Yi, an expert in the history of Qing Dynasty, while affirming the formulation of "prosperous times", also pointed out four negative factors, which he called "the shadow of prosperous times", namely, closing the door to the outside world, attaching importance to agriculture and despising commerce, imprisoning thoughts and despising science. And refute Zhou Siyuan, pointing out that "the whole feudal society in China for more than two thousand years has no' new mode of production' and' new science and technology', which is an autocratic feudal system. According to Mr. Zhou's reason, there would be no' prosperous times' in China feudal society. " ; He also pointed out that "the prosperous times have shadows, and the declining world has hope", but he did not think that "the prosperous times are beautiful and everything is fine". This is neither an objective historical fact nor a dialectical way of thinking. At the same time, it is pointed out that in the early Qing Dynasty, it only took about 100 years, and the grain output more than doubled. At that time, there was no significant improvement in agricultural technology, which was really a remarkable achievement. Not only did it restore the level of the late Ming dynasty, but it also made great strides. This is the efforts of farmers, and it is also inseparable from the results of the Qing government's policies of attaching importance to agriculture, rewarding reclamation, building water conservancy projects, reducing taxes, promoting high-yield crops (corn, sweet potatoes, peanuts) and encouraging acquiescence in immigration.