The starting point of going east and west.

From 1644 to 1667, the Regulations on Recruiting People for Reclaiming Land in Liaodong stipulates that "for every 100 people recruited, the title of magistrate will be awarded, and the garrison will be awarded the rank". During these 23 years, "many Shandong people immigrated to the northeast", and many areas in Liaodong were "blessed with many benefits" because of immigration. Most people in Shandong moved to Dalian and Dandong.

1668 to 1860, in order to maintain the inherent customs in Northeast China and ensure the livelihood of the Eight Banners, in the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), the Qing court ordered "Liaodong to recruit people to be officials and stop forever" and implemented a policy of banning Guandong. In fact, the immigration inside and outside the customs and the sudden stop of cultural exchanges during this period were the manifestations of the Qing government's closed door.

From 186 1 to191after the Opium War, the Qing government's control over the frontier weakened day by day, and Russia continued to encroach on the Heilongjiang border. The Qing government adopted the suggestion of Tepkin, the general of Heilongjiang Province, and officially reclaimed land in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860). From then on, land reclamation is prohibited and immigrants are encouraged to settle in the frontier to revitalize the economy outside the customs.

/kloc-in the 9th century, the lower reaches of the Yellow River suffered from famine year after year, but the Qing government still prohibited customs clearance. Thousands of bankrupt farmers ignored the ban and risked being punished to "rush into" Kanto, which is the origin of "rushing to pass". In the late Qing Dynasty, Russia invaded the northeast of China. Famine was partially banned in Kanto in Qing Dynasty 1860 and completely banned in 1897. 19 10, the total population of kanto increased to180,000. During the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949), there was a surge of people, with nearly 40 million people on the eve of new China (data from China Demography, Zhang). In 38 years of the Republic of China, the average number of people from Shandong who went to Kanto reached 480,000 per year, with a total of over 6,543,800+0,830, accounting for about half of the total population (37 million). After the national liberation, the number of Shandong people left after crossing the Guandong River reached more than 7 million, accounting for 17% of the total population of Northeast China (40 million) with a population of 540 million at that time (the first census 1953). Therefore, it can be regarded as one of the largest population movements in human history and an unprecedented scale in modern history. Therefore, the ancestors of Han residents in Kanto mostly belong to Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and other provinces in the lower reaches of the Yellow River (although many southern builders moved to the Northeast to participate in the development of the Northeast after liberation, this does not belong to the scope of The Journey to the West).