Three slaughterhouses in Xiangtan slaughterhouse

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the peasant uprising, the entry of Qing soldiers into Shanhaiguan and the "San Francisco Rebellion" led to three massacres in Xiangtan, with people smeared with charcoal, and the hills in the city were littered with wild bones, which suddenly interrupted its economic and social development. Xiangtan, which is full of fireworks and is called Rao in space, has fallen into extreme depression. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Li Zicheng and Zhang, the peasant rebels, successively entered Hunan. In August, Zhang Xian defeated Sun Kewang in the county seat and left the swimming pool. Later, Li killed many innocent gentry and people in Xiangtan and Xiangxiang counties in the name of tracing "defectors". In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Xiangtan was starved. The Ming army fought against the insurgents and exchanged visits between Changbao (Shaoyang). Xiangtan is a traffic tunnel, and it is not ravaged almost every day, until "there is no city, no farmland, and no petty officials in the government". In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing soldiers entered the customs. In order to fight against the Qing soldiers going south, the rebels and Nanming forces took He Tengjiao as the leader and set up a town in Hunan to jointly fight against the Qing Dynasty. In March of the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), the allied forces were defeated, and the Qing army captured Xiangtan and Xiangxiang. In the second year, the town combined Ma Jinzhong and Niu Wancai with hundreds of thousands, and the soldiers returned to Xiangtan, wyndell dichinson in March, killing hundreds of thousands of men and women. Xiangtan was the first mass massacre. After only five years, I finally decided to suspend it. In the first month of the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), the Qing army attacked Xiangtan, and "there were more people in the city than the holy dynasty" and ordered a bloodbath. From 26th to 29th, countless people were killed, bodies piled up in ravines, and there were less than 100 survivors in the county. This is the second mass murder. Haosheng Street is full of bones, and the wind comes in the middle of the night. There are often phosphorus fires flashing and strange sounds, such as a thousand ghosts crying. In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), Huizhou merchants Huang Kenian (word Xiqian) and Cheng Xuan (word Qinglai) were inspired by loyalty and loyalty, and invested more than ten mu of land to lead monks to collect and bury the bones of the victims in the county town "last year" (that is, the six-year massacre in Shunzhi), and buried them in different graves. Economic and social decline and ruin: "In the four years of Qing Shunzhi, the ebony people fled poverty and did not buy land, which was unsightly. In the winter months, Huai salt costs eight yuan a pack, and the price rises to three or two packs. Five years later, Wu Chu was blocked, and the price of rice was as low as five or six hundred yuan. There are no buyers, and it's rotten and inedible. When it's really called' chicken sees people retreat'. In six years, the plague spread in Xiangtan, four towns and villages, and even one plague was extinct. The drugstore has sold out rhubarb, notopterygium root and scutellaria root, with ebony 23- 12 and onion ginger 23- 12. Alas, at this time, the slaughtered corpses were not buried, and the bodies of the plague were all over the river. " (Wang Xuan's Miscellaneous Notes on the Insanity of Hunan Merchants) It was stable for twenty years, and in the thirteenth year of Kangxi (1674), the "San Francisco Rebellion" occurred again, and Wu Sangui occupied Xiangtan. In the 18th year of Kangxi (1679), the Qing army recaptured Xiangtan for the third time. In Xiangtan area, "thousands of villages are bloody and thousands of stoves are cold", coupled with the epidemic of plague, countless gentry people died in the two counties, and ten rooms were empty. Decades of war have turned Xiangtan, once prosperous and beautiful, into ruins, and its economy has also been greatly damaged. The first is the sharp decline in population. According to Guangxu's Xiangtan County Records, there were 4,653 households with 20,053 men and women in Xiangtan after the end of Yuan Dynasty and the first war of Ming Dynasty. After a large-scale migration to the county seat and more than 300 years of reproduction, Xiangtan, as an important commercial port in the south of the Yangtze River and a commercial center in Hunan, should have a population of more than 200,000, although there was no household registration statistics in the late Ming Dynasty. By the early years of Qing Emperor Kangxi, there were 13296 people in the county, and the population decreased by 89%. The situation in Xiangxiang is basically the same. According to Changsha government records, when the accounts were compiled in the tenth year of Wanli (1582), there were 7,836 households in the county with a population of 4,5701,but the accounts other than grain owners were not counted. In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), there were only more than 6,000 people in the county, and the population decreased by nine times out of ten. People who lost their lives, some died in the war, some migrated to the deep mountains of osawa, and Sichuan, Guizhou and Xiangxi, which are sparsely populated. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, people in Huguang area "led hundreds of thousands of people into Shu" (Qing Qianlong, "Sichuan Tongzhi? Huang Qingyi Wen? Chu Yumin Shu Shu "); Those who enter Guizhou are also "supporting the elderly and carrying the young all the way, shouldering heavy burdens and never ending in Tao" (Volume 23 of General Examination of Korean Literature), so that vendors in all counties and towns in Guizhou are "half guests of Hunan" (Volume 9 of Zhenyuan Fuzhi in Qing Dynasty). The folk proverb "Jiangxi fills Huguang, and Huguang fills Sichuan" refers to the great migration of population from the source of soldiers. Secondly, a large area of cultivated land was abandoned. According to the speculation on the number of grain-free abandoned fields in the early years of Qing Emperor Kangxi, there are at least 400,000 mu of fertile abandoned fields in Xiangtan. Third, the store was completely destroyed. In the early years of Kangxi (1662- 1672), there were only 3,000 people in Xiangtan city. In the past, there were few sails on the Xiangjiang River, which were connected with each other. Guangxu's "Xiangtan County Records" records that the chief businessmen in the city "all fled and resumed business, and there were few indigenous people in the city. "yu zhang Ten Rooms and Nine Empty Rooms" Xiangtan has a prosperous population and a prosperous business, which was almost destroyed. In the third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, "tigers still enter the city to eat people", which shows that it is depressed and deserted.