The Origin and Development of Japan's Mainland Policy

1On July 25th, 927, Tanaka Yoshiichi put forward an extremely explicit aggressive plan "Manchu-Mongolian positive policy", which was called "Tanaka Memorial" in history. The main content of this secret document is to expound the principles and policies of aggression against China. The general strategy of Japanese new world policy put forward by Tanaka Memorial is: "If you want to conquer China, you must conquer Manchuria first, and if you want to conquer the world, you must conquer China first." After acquiring the resources of China, Japan "can further conquer India, Southeast Asia, Asia Minor and even Europe." "The Yamato people have shown their talents in the Asian continent, and mastering the rights of Manchuria and Mongolia is the first key."

"Tanaka Memorial" proposed that Japan "should explore the rich resources of Manchuria and Mongolia to cultivate the lasting prosperity of the empire." To this end, Japan must do everything possible to obtain land lease rights, railway construction rights, mining rights, forest rights, foreign trade rights, shipping rights, financial rights and so on. Japanese people freely enter and leave Manchuria; Set up Japanese political, financial and military advisers and instructors; Vigorously reward North Korean immigrants; Send soldiers into Mongolia to control the old prince. In order to manage the affairs of Manchuria and Mongolia, the Japanese government should set up a colonial province, that is, the colonial department. "The Memorial of Tanaka" holds that "Japan can get rid of the East Asian predicament except adopting the policy of" blood and iron ""If you want to control China in the future, you must destroy the power of the United States as the premise "and" you must fight with the United States ".In the near future, there will be conflicts with the red Russia in northern Manchuria. "Therefore, Japan plans to quickly build several railways with strategic value" for military purposes ",integrate Manchuria and Korea, and strengthen the economic plunder of northeast China.

The invasion steps put forward in The Memorial of Tanaka are: the first stage to capture Taiwan Province Province, the second stage to capture Korea, the third stage to capture Manchuria, the fourth stage to conquer all China, and the fifth stage to conquer the whole world. The memorial reads: "The first conquest of Taiwan Province Province and the second conquest of Korea have all been realized. Only the third stage of conquering Manchuria conquers all the land of China, ... has not been completed. " They hope to put forward specific methods of invading China. Later, according to this plan, Japanese militarism adopted the policy of "iron-bloodism", that is, armed aggression, and constantly expanded and strengthened the scope and influence of aggression in northeast China through a series of forms of aggression such as "trade", "immigration", "development", "railway management" and "factory management". It was not until the "September 18th Incident" was launched in 1930s that the northeast of China was occupied by force and the puppet Manchukuo regime was created. Then, the "July 7th Incident" was launched to launch an armed war of aggression against China in an all-round way. All this shows that since the "Oriental Conference", Tanaka's evil aggression plan has gradually become a reality for Japanese imperialist aggression.

From the analysis of economic situation. From 65438 to 0929, the world economic crisis broke out, which greatly impacted the United States and Europe, and the economy regressed for decades. The Japanese economy has also been greatly affected. From 1929 to 1932, the whole world fell into a miserable situation. Because China's economy is mainly a small-scale peasant economy, it is less affected. Japan, on the other hand, has taken four measures to deal with this crisis, one is the depreciation of the yen, the other is the decline of the wage index, the third is the low interest rate, and the fourth is the expansion of military expenditure and the scale of the arms industry. At the same time, out of economic and territorial needs, the Japanese brazenly invaded the three northeastern provinces of China.

From 193 1 to 1936, Japan, which was highly militarized and greatly stimulated by the September 18th Incident, began a large-scale military expansion. Japan's official military orders reached 7 billion yen, and the profits of the top ten private military enterprises such as Mitsubishi, Kawasaki, Urawa Shipyard, Nissan and Japan Nitrogen Production increased by an average of 48%. Japan calls it "military prosperity". Military expenditure reached 35% to 47% in 193 1- 1936, while civil engineering and public utilities only accounted for 8%- 15%. But behind this apparent "arms boom" is the danger of quenching thirst by drinking poison. Although military industry can also stimulate production, its products can only be consumed in the war (unless it is a pillar industry for arms export), and it can neither be reduced to capital and transferred to society for reproduction, nor can it improve people's purchasing power and preserve or develop resources. Unless we wage war and plunder other countries' financial, human and material resources. There is only one reason for choosing this road, and that is that Japan has been preparing for a total war.

Correspondingly, in 1932, the Japanese government issued deficit bonds for the first time, totaling 383 million yen, accounting for 17.4% of the annual revenue. The exchange rate of Japanese yen against the US dollar dropped from 100: 50 of 1932 to 100: 25 of 1933. In the same year (1932), Japan issued 310 billion yen of military bonds. By 1935, Japan's national income was145.3 billion yen, and the government's central fiscal expenditure was 5.7 billion yen. Correspondingly, the annual general national income is 166.5 yen, and the expenditure of ordinary citizens in Tokyo to maintain the minimum living standard is 109.2 yen per person per year. The standard of living in rural areas is even worse.

This situation is unsustainable. Because Japan's national strategy is to conquer occupation with military strength, and it has a huge imperial army and fleet, as well as land, sea and air forces, it is difficult to last economically. Although Japan forced the Kuomintang government to make concessions that humiliated its sovereignty on the issue of autonomy of five provinces in North China, its goal was not just North China, but the whole of China and Asia. Coupled with the contempt for China's military strength, the Japanese provoked the Lugouqiao Incident and put forward the arrogant slogan of "national subjugation in June" in an attempt to conquer China within three to several months.

(1) Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598), a Japanese military commander at the end of the warring States period. At first, he was a squire of Kawasaki family, and later he was a squire of Oda Nobunaga. 1573 became a Lord near the river. 1585, he served as Guan Bai. Later, he was promoted to minister of Zheng Tai and changed his surname to Chen Feng. 1590, the Kanto and Aoyu were pacified, and the great cause of reunifying Japan was completed. 1592 invaded Korea and was defeated by Li Shunchen's turtle fleet. 1597, invaded Korea for the second time, lost again and died in Taoshan.

② Nonobunaga Oda (1534— 1582) was a feudal Lord from the Warring States Period to Antu Taoshan. Born in Nagoya, Zhang Wei (now Aichi Prefecture), his name is Ji. 155 1 inherited his father's career and became a famous Wei Lord a few years later. 1567' s system of "there are weapons in the world" shows its ambition to unify Japan. 1568, Ashikaga Yoshiaki was appointed as the first15th generation general of Muromachi shogunate, holding real power. 1June 570, after the rebellion of Azai Nagamasa in Linjiang, he led troops into Beijing, pretending to be imperial power and giving orders to heroes. 1June 2, 582, committed suicide by a surprise attack by Akechi Mitsuhide. During his reign, he carried out a new system of big-name lords and reformed the old samurai army with western firearms tactics, which made the samurai leave the countryside and opened the way for eliminating feudal separatism, accelerating reunification and establishing a centralized feudal system.