Music knowledge in Vienna

Goddess of Danube-Vienna, Austria

Vienna, the capital of Austria, is a world-famous city, located in the Vienna basin at the northern foot of the Alps in the northeast of Austria, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the Danube River passes through the city, surrounded by the famous Vienna forest. The area is 4 14.5 square kilometers. The population is 65,438+563,000 (2000), accounting for more than one fifth of the national population. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Austria and the capital of Lower Austria. Railway hub from western Europe to Balkan Peninsula, Danube port.

BC is the Celtic settlement. The Romans built castles here in the 1 th century. It was first recorded as "Vinia" in 88 1 year.12nd century became a handicraft and commercial center.13rd century to 19 18 was the capital of the Habsburg dynasty, and later the capital of Austria. 1 137 is the first city in the Austrian Principality. /kloc-at the end of 0/3, with the rise and rapid development of the Habsburg royal family, magnificent Gothic buildings have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. /kloc-After the 5th century, it became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe. /kloc-In the 8th century, Maria Tilesia and her son were keen on reform, attacking church forces, promoting social progress, and at the same time bringing prosperity to art, making Vienna gradually become the center of European classical music and gaining the reputation of "Music City". From 1945, it was managed by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France. 1955 After signing a peace treaty with Austria, the armies of the four countries retreated.

Vienna is known as the "Danube Goddess". Beautiful environment and charming scenery. It is mild in winter and cool in summer. Vienna Forest Mountain, a branch of the Eastern Alps, stretches in the western suburbs with lush trees. To the west of the mountain is a gorgeous residential area, surrounded by gardens and vineyards. The Danube River passes through the city, and the water is picturesque. Climbing to the foothills of the Alps in the west of the city, you can have a panoramic view of the undulating "Vienna Forest"; The east of the city faces the Danube Basin and overlooks the shining green peaks of Carpathian Mountain. The vast grassland in the north is like a huge green brocade, and the blue Danube winds through it. The house is built on the mountain, with thick buildings and distinct layers. From a distance, various styles of church buildings cast an ancient and solemn color on this city with green mountains and clear waters. The streets in the city are radial rings with a width of 50 meters, the inner city is in the ring road, and the trees on both sides of the boulevard cover the sky. The cobblestone streets in the inner city crisscross, and there are few high-rise buildings, mostly baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. The spires of St. Stefan's Cathedral and the Twin Towers in the Middle Ages are towering into the sky, and its south tower is 138 meters high, overlooking the whole city. Chamberlain Palace is the summer palace of Habsburg dynasty, with Greek architecture, statues and fountains. There are many big parks on the island between the Danube and the Danube Canal. The National Opera House, built in 1869, is called the world opera center. 1857, a 57-meter-wide and 4-kilometer-long circular avenue, is surrounded by museums, city halls, parliaments, universities, national opera houses and other important buildings. It is one of the most beautiful urban passages in Europe. There is an intermediate layer between the circular road and another parallel circular road, with a commercial area, a residential area, a palace and a church in the middle. Outside the second ring road is the outer layer, and there are elegant parks, beautiful villas and other palace buildings in the west of the city. Among these numerous palaces, Schon Blom Palace, located in the southwest of the city, stands out as a relic of the prosperous period in Austrian history. Located in the southeast of the city, this "beautiful palace" was built by Emperor prinz eugen in the early 8th century A.D./KLOC-0 to resist the Turkish invasion. Tourism is developed. Northeast suburb and southern suburb are industrial areas, with metallurgy, machinery, automobile, railway vehicles, chemical industry and other departments, and the output of clothing and printing accounts for more than half of the country.

The name of Vienna is always associated with music. Many great musicians, such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, johann strauss and his sons Gluck and Brahms, have spent many years here. Haydn's Emperor Quartet, Mozart's The Wedding of Figaro, Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny, Pastoral Symphony, Moonlight Sonata, Heroic Symphony, Schubert's Swan Song, Winter Journey, johann strauss's The Blue Danube and The Story of the Vienna Forest were all born here. Their statues stand in many parks and squares, and many streets, auditoriums and conference halls are named after these musicians. The former residence and cemetery of musicians are visited and mourned by people all the year round. Today, Vienna has the most luxurious national opera house, famous concert hall and first-class symphony orchestra in the world. Every June 65438+1 October1holds a new year concert in the golden hall of Vienna Music Friends Association.

Besides new york and Geneva, Vienna is the third United Nations city. Austria International Center, also known as "United Nations City", which was built in 1979, is magnificent and is the concentration place of many United Nations agencies. It was once the seat of the central institution of the Habsburg dynasty that ruled Europe for a long time; 18 14 Austrian prime minister and foreign minister metternich showed the political power of intrigue at the protracted Vienna conference; 18 15 The emperors of Russia, the United States and Austria concluded the so-called "holy alliance" in order to put out the bourgeois revolution; Under the influence of the European Revolution from 65438 to 0848, the barricade war broke out in Vienna, and metternich fled to London. 1867 became the capital of Austria-Hungary, the European overlord; In the early 1930s, Hitler became the leader of Nazi Germany, and in March 1938, he led his troops into Vienna, thus starting the Second World War. During the war, the whole city was bombed 53 times in turn, and many classical buildings were destroyed. 1955 In May, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, France and Austria signed the Treaty on Rebuilding an Independent and Democratic Austria in the "Beautiful Palace" conference hall, thus ending the occupation of the four countries for 10 years; 195510 June 16, the Austrian parliament declared the constitutional law "permanently neutral", and this day was designated as the National Day.

Austria is called "the heart of Europe" and Vienna is "the heart of the heart". Vienna has been a transportation hub connecting East and West Europe since ancient times and an important passage between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea.

Vienna-the capital of history and culture: Vienna is always full of colorful and attractive cultural programs. Whether it is classical music or modern drama, film and dance choreographer or opera, musical, art exhibition or concert, no matter when you visit it, you will have unlimited exploration and deep impression. You can also sit leisurely in the world-famous Vienna Cafe with a strong atmosphere and have a cup of coffee, or visit first-class traditional wineries. In Vienna, you can also taste delicious and advanced cooking techniques from European countries.

Vienna-City of Music: Music has been inseparable from Vienna for centuries. It is the birthplace of musical geniuses Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and johann strauss. Vienna's long musical tradition continues to this day. The Vienna Symphony Orchestra and Vienna Boys' Choir, which are world-renowned, always get warm applause from the full audience in their tour performances around the world. The Vienna Conservatory of Music has continuously trained musicians who stand out in the international music scene. In addition, Vienna's rich and active modern pop music stages and places have also attracted many young people. If you like music, Vienna is absolutely unforgettable.

Historical population

At the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the sixth largest city in the world. The population of Vienna grew rapidly during the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867- 19 18), when many immigrants from other parts of the empire gathered in Vienna. After the First World War, many Czechs returned to their motherland, which led to a decrease in the population of this city. In the following immigration period, about one third of the population had Slavic and Hungarian surnames.

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Haydn's Emperor Quartet, Mozart's The Wedding of Figaro, Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny, Pastoral Symphony, Moonlight Sonata, Heroic Symphony, Schubert's Swan Song and Winter Journey, johann strauss's Blue Danube and The Story of Vienna Forest.

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer and is recognized as the greatest musical genius. He is not only a composer, but also a keyboard player, violinist, violinist and conductor.

At the age of four, he showed his outstanding ability to compose music. What's more commendable is that he not only composes very fast, but also creates high-level music. Mozart's life-long works are praised as: 20 operas, more than 40 symphonies, more than 50 concertos, 27 string quartets and 622 other works. The fresh and lively rhythm, pleasant melody and elegant and solemn temperament in Mozart's music works make his music like the sound of nature. People say that the beauty of Mozart's music is unparalleled in ancient and modern times.

Mozart chronology.

1756 65438+/kloc-0 was born in Salzburg on October 27th.

1762 traveled around Europe with my sister and father.

1764 arrived in London in April, where he composed his first three symphonies.

1767 Opera "False Silly Sister".

1768 Opera bastia and bastia.

1770 65438+February, the opera "King Mitridat of Bendu" premiered in Milan, causing a sensation.

1780 performed the opera Ido Meniaud, King of Crete, which was staged in Munich in 178 1 year.

1782 August, the opera "Temptation of the Harem" premiered.

1785 Six String Quartet for Haydn. Write "The Wedding of Figaro".

1786 The Wedding of Figaro premiered in Vienna.

Symphony no 38 in d major (k. 504) 1787 premiered in Prague and was very popular.

1787 Completed the opera Don Giovanni, two string quintets and string serenade in G major.

1788 started writing the last three symphonies in May, all of which were completed in August 10.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/789, he began to write the opera "Woman's Heart".

179 1 year began to write the opera "the magic flute", which was almost finished in July.

179 1 year, he adapted the opera Tito's kindness, and then began to write requiem.

179 1 year 65438+died on February 5th. The requiem was written by his student Susmeyer.

Beethoven

Beethoven/Kloc-0 was born in Bonn in 770, and/Kloc-0 died in Vienna in 827. He was born into a musical family, and music originated from Entwerpen. His grandfather was a conductor in Bonn and his father was a tenor. The first gentleman who influenced Beethoven was Ni Fei. Ni Fei is a composer, songwriter and deputy conductor of Bonn Philharmonic Orchestra. He taught Beethoven to learn Bach's piano music with average rhythm, and introduced Beethoven's piano works in his childhood to the society, which undoubtedly promoted Beethoven's growth. From 65438 to 0792, Beethoven studied again, especially the piano, and decided to devote himself to composing music. The main works of Beethoven's life are:

1800 G long tune symphony No.1

1802 D Second Long Tune Symphony

1804 Hero Symphony

1805 fidelio opera house

1806B long-tune symphony

1807 symphony no.5 in c minor

1808 pastoral symphony

1812 symphony no.7 in a major and symphony no.8 in f major.

1865438+ Federio's third revision in 2004

18 18 bell piano sonata

1818/1823d long tune solemn mass

1823D Symphony No.9 in Short Tone

The last group of 1824/ 1826

Introduction of Beethoven (Biography of Beethoven)

Complete works of Beethoven's symphonies

A Brief Introduction to Beethoven and Moonlight Sonata

Brief introduction and influence of Beethoven's life

Beethoven Symphony Beethoven's Symphony No.3 in E Major (Hero)

The Story of Beethoven's Piano Music "To Alice"

Preface to Beethoven's Biography Beethoven's later years

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony: Symphony No.9 in D minor (Chorus)

Introduction to Beethoven: Life Story

Beethoven's Music Life and Music Creation

Beethoven is the star in my mind.

Beethoven Egmont Overture Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny

Beethoven's Opera: Federio

Beethoven's Centennial Celebration (Bernard Shaw)

Beethoven's Complete Symphony Beethoven Piano Sonata

A Tour of Beethoven's Former Residence Appreciation of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony Destiny

A collection of Beethoven's piano sonatas

Beethoven (Introduction to Beethoven's Works and Biography of Beethoven)

Johann Strauss

Austrian composer, conductor and violinist of light music. Born in a musical family in Vienna. Same name as my father. Little Strauss loved music very much since he was a child. I was influenced by my father's music.

Johann strauss (1825- 1899).

brief introduction

Austrian composer, conductor and violinist of light music. Born in a musical family in Vienna. Same name as my father. Little Strauss loved music very much since he was a child. I was influenced by my father's music. Old Strauss is the music director of the ballroom of the Palace. He can write and is very famous in Europe. But old Strauss knew that the music industry, especially the light music industry, was fiercely competitive, and it was not easy to succeed. At the age of seven, he had written a waltz and learned the violin despite his father's opposition. After graduating from high school, his father admitted him to an industrial school. However, he is determined to become a musician. Fortunately, his mother quietly bought him a musical instrument and gave him money to study. My father flew into a rage when he knew it, and severely reprimanded my mother, causing the husband and wife to separate. After graduating from technical school, he had to work in a bank that bored him. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he conducted and performed his father's music and his own works in Vienna. During the performance, my father's music was very successful, and his works returned to the scene six times and were warmly welcomed. This successful performance decided the fate of little Strauss. From then on, his father no longer opposed his determination to become a musician. After his father died, he personally conducted and composed music, led the band to tour all over Europe and went directly to Russia. 1863, he was the conductor of the palace waltz hall. His most famous works include 120 Viennese waltzes, such as Beautiful Blue Danube, Artist's Career, Song of Wine and Women, Viennese Temperament, The Story of Vienna Forest, Vienna Candy and The Voice of Spring. He is called "the king of waltz" and his father Strauss is called "the father of waltz". He also composed more than 20 other dance music 120, such as Thunder and Lightning. 1870, after he was 45 years old, he wrote 16 operettas, such as The Bat, The Carnival of Rome, Alibaba and the Forty Thieves, The Gypsy Baron and so on, which laid the foundation for the formation of Viennese operettas.

There is an interesting story about the creation of the Blue Danube. Once, johann strauss came home and changed into a dirty shirt. His wife found that the sleeves of this shirt were covered with sticks. She knew that this was recorded when her husband was inspired, so she put this shirt aside. She came back a few minutes later and was about to give it to her husband, only to find that the shirt was gone. It turned out that at the moment she left, the washerwoman took it away with other dirty clothes. She didn't know the washerwoman's residence, so she sat in the car looking for it everywhere and ran for a long time, but there was no whereabouts. When she was desperate, fortunately, an old woman in a hotel took her to the washerwoman's cabin. She rushed in and saw the washerwoman throwing her shirt into a bucket full of soapy water. She quickly grabbed the washerwoman's arm, grabbed the dirty clothes and kept the precious music on her sleeve. This is johann strauss's immortal masterpiece "Blue Danube" waltz.

Strauss family is a famous music family in Vienna, Austria in the19th century. But now we generally refer to the composer Strauss and his son, Johann Strauss I (1804- 1849) and his three sons-Johann Strauss II (1825- 1899) and josef strauss (1827-/. The "old" and "small" here were added by later generations. Because both father and son are called John. In order to distinguish them, we have to add the words "old" and "small" before the name.

Johann Strauss I was born in Vienna on March 65438, 0804. His grandfather, Wolff, was Hungarian. He once lived in Nielspol, along the Danube River, not too far from Vienna. His father's name is Franz and he can play the violin. Later, his family moved to Vienna. Under the influence of his father, Johann Strauss I studied violin in primary school, and later studied under the violinist Glaz von Juiry of the Vienna Opera House. After 18 17, he played viola in a pop dance band led by Michael Pampei. 18 19, he went to the Viennese waltz band lyre in joseph lanner, sometimes as a conductor. 1825, he married Maria Anna strom and gave birth to three sons. At this time, he left Lelanna to form a band and wrote a lot of music for these bands. 1849 On September 25th, Johann Strauss I died in Vienna at the age of 45.

Johann Strauss I composed more than 150 waltzes, dozens of polkas and marches in his life. But his greatest achievement was that he laid the foundation of Viennese Waltz with composer joseph lanner. Before them, the waltz was slow, and the three beats of a bar were the same; Vienna Waltz, the second beat and the third beat tend to drag a little longer, and the speed is generally Allegro. Structurally speaking, the Viennese waltz is a little more complicated than the general waltz. It consists of an overture, three to five waltzes and an epilogue. Each waltz has two melodies, which are repeated to form a single two-part form or a single three-part form. The content of music expression is also profound, so Johann Strauss I is called "the father of waltz".

Although Johann Strauss I composed hundreds of waltzes, dozens of polkas and marches, among his works, Radsky's March is the most influential and popular one. This piece of music was written by Johann Strauss I in 1848, and it was arranged as No.228.

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3. Song Zu Ying

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Song of the Vienna Forest, by walser.

[Edit this paragraph] Music overview

The Story Waltz of Vienna Forest, Op.325 (G 'schichtenaus Demwienerwald, Walzer op.325) is another masterpiece of Johann Strauss II after the waltz Blue Danube. It was completed on 1868, and it was performed in Vienna on June 19 of the same year, and was conducted by the author himself.

[Edit this paragraph] Creation background

There is a beautiful forest in the suburb of Vienna, the Austrian capital, not far from the city, which has been attracting thousands of tourists from Qian Qian. This forest is also frequented by many great composers living in Vienna, and its beauty often inspires them. Johann Strauss II is a real Viennese, and The Story of the Vienna Forest is his hymn to his hometown. In order to make the music have a strong local flavor, the author made an exception and added an Austrian folk musical instrument-zither (guzheng, a plucked stringed instrument) to the orchestra.

[Edit this paragraph] Music appreciation

This piece of music consists of overture, five waltzes and epilogue, and its structure belongs to the typical Viennese waltz style. The beginning of the music is a long overture. The melody of the two horns depicts beautiful and moving scenery, and the oboe and clarinet play lyrical and smooth tunes, like shepherds' pastoral songs and horn flutes. The bell adds a lot of luster to the music. Then, the cello slowly played the theme motivation of the first waltz as the introduction of the whole song. The rich timbre of the cello, the beautiful pastoral horn and the exquisite decorative syllables of the flute constitute a wonderful and colorful sound and picture, which is very elegant and moving. Zittel's participation has added a strong Austrian national color. This characteristic instrument played the most important melody in this waltz, soft and gorgeous, as if the morning light shone into the Vienna forest through the thick fog, accompanied by the birds singing tactfully.

The first waltz is in F major, which depicts the beautiful scenery of the forest in the morning and the scenes of people singing and dancing lightly.

The second waltz is in B flat major, played by cello. This theme is almost the same as the theme played by the guitar in the previous overture, but the rhythm is much faster and the dance is very strong.

The third waltz is a trilogy in E flat major. It still depicts the beauty of the forest.

Waltz no.4 in b flat major, in two parts. The first half is light and smooth, and the melody is full of jumping; The second half is lively and elegant, and the accompaniment part is fascinating.

The fifth waltz is in E flat major, which is not only lively, but also rhythmic, bringing the whole music to a climax.

The end of the music is very long, where the themes of the fourth waltz, the first waltz and the second waltz appear in turn; After that, the touching melody of Zitler Qin reappeared in the prologue; The ending part adopts the ensemble of the band. All this seems to be a summary, leading people to review the beauty of Vienna forest again.

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