Where is Manchuria now? Who can introduce his history?

There are many theories about the origin of "Manchuria". One argument is that "Manchuria" is the homonym of the name of Li Manzhu, the ancestor of Jianzhou Jurchen. The second argument is that due to the rotation of five elements and five virtues in the ancient dynasty of China, the Ming Dynasty was a fire virtue, and the Chinese characters "Man" and "Zhou" were all beside the water character. This practice of Huang taiji is to put out the fire with water to make it clear. The third argument is that Manchuria is a transliteration of "Schumann", which is the name of Manjusri Bodhisattva by Tibetans, and its full name is Shuman Shili Bodhisattva. However, this statement is not recognized by most historians.

From a national point of view, Manchuria was a mixed ethnic area formed by the intermarriage of Jurchen, Mongolia, Han nationality, North Korea, Daur, Soren and Xibe nationality during the period of Huang Taiji, and was included in the Eight Banners system. 16 16, the leader of the nuzhen nationality, Aixinjueluo Nurhachi, established the late Jin Dynasty and launched an attack on the Ming Dynasty. Because the Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchen nationality attacked the areas inhabited by the Han nationality many times in history, in order to eliminate the historical negative influence brought by this name, Huang Taiji changed the name of "Jurchen" to "Manchuria" in 1635, and changed the name of the country to Qing in 1636.

Southern Manchuria was once a secluded state in ancient China. Zhou Li's Local Records of Xia Guan recorded that "the northeast is called a secluded state, and its hills are called witch doctors". Liaodong has always belonged to China from the Yan State in the Warring States to the Western Jin Dynasty. Later, Xianbei people established Yan Qian and Houyan here, which were immediately annexed by Koguryo. After the downfall of Koguryo in the Tang Dynasty, Liaodong returned to China, and the Bohai Kingdom was established in the north, which was later owned by the regimes established by the Khitan, Jurchen and Mongolian nationalities. During the Yongle period, Nurgandus, a detention institution, was established in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers, and the southern part of it was the autonomous settlement of the Jurchen nationality. At that time, there were three parts: Jianzhou Jurchen, Haixi Jurchen and Savage Jurchen. /kloc-In the 5th century, North Korea attacked Jurchen, annexed the area south of Tumen River, and established four counties and six towns.

/kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, the Jurchen Department of Jianzhou began to rise and developed into the later post-Jin and Qing regimes. Since the middle and late17th century, the name "Manchuria" has been used to refer to the residence of Manchu, so this word is not only a regional name, but also a national name. Geographical Manchuria usually refers to the whole of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces today, plus the northeast of Inner Mongolia (that is, the East Fourth League).

According to the Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty of 1689 (the 28th year of Kangxi), the Sino-Russian Blenski Treaty of 1725 (the 5th year of Yongzheng) and the Delimitation Agreement with North Korea of 17 12 (the 51st year of Kangxi),

In the early years of Qing Dynasty, General Shengjing, General Jilin General and General Heigeng were set up in Manchuria, which were different from those in Guanzhong area in management mode, administrative system and land possession form. After the Sino-Russian Jacques War, the Qing Dynasty began to send Eight Banners and Han immigrants to Manchuria on 1692. Ningguta, which belongs to General Jilin, is a famous exile in Qing Dynasty. Since Manzhouli was the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, it took measures to ban this area and built a wicker border to prohibit Han immigrants from entering its hinterland.

/kloc-at the end of 0/9, Manzhouli was well-known to the world because Japan and Russia competed for this area. Russia's expansion to Manchuria began at the beginning of17th century. From 1858 to 1806, Russia occupied1440,000 square kilometers of land north of Heilongjiang and east of Wusuli River through the "Love Faint Treaty" and the "Beijing Treaty". 186 1 year, Niuzhuang (Yingkou) was opened, and western forces began to enter Nanman. Swire and Jardine Matheson in Britain, Demao and St. Regis in Germany, and Chichang in the United States have successively opened in Yingkou. Countries have set up consulates in Yingkou, and the Qing Dynasty also set up Yingkou Customs. From 1865 to 189 1 year, Manzhouli exported a large number of native products such as soybeans, soybean oil, tussah silk and ginseng, and imported consumer goods such as opium and cotton textiles.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Russia's southward forces rose, and the situation of Korean immigrants crossing Tumen River to reclaim Changbai Mountain became more and more severe, and the border crisis in Manchuria became more and more serious. The Qing dynasty was forced to open the border ban and adopt the policy of "immigration to the real border". From 186 1 to 1880, official flag sites such as Jilin paddock, Alechuka paddock and Dalinghe Ranch were opened one after another. 1882 (eighth year of Guangxu) first reclaimed land in Jilin, established Hunchun Reclamation Bureau, and then reclaimed land in Heilongjiang. 1885 Jilin telegraph bureau was established, 1883 Jilin machinery bureau, the first modern machinery industrial factory in Manzhouli, was put into operation.

1896, Russia seized the privilege of building a railway in Manchuria through the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty, 1898 won the Lushun-Dalian Concession. During this period, Japan also gradually strengthened its penetration into Manchuria. 1904, when the Russo-Japanese War broke out, Russia was defeated and forced to withdraw from South Manchuria. Since then, Japan, Russia and China have all accelerated the development of Manchuria. 1907, the Qing court abolished Shengjing, Jilin and Heilongjiang generals, and changed them to Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, with governors and governors in the three northeastern provinces. In 1906, Japan established Nanman Railway Co., Ltd., implemented the colonial strategy in Manchuria in the name of this company, and encouraged Koreans to immigrate to Manchuria in large numbers.

19 1 1 the demise of the Qing dynasty, 19 15 After Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, the Japanese army chiefs planned the Manchu-Mongolian independence movement, but it failed due to changes in the situation. The Japanese then helped the local warlord Zhang become the actual controller of Manchuria. Because Zhang did not completely obey the Japanese control, he was defeated by the Kuomintang Northern Expeditionary Army in 1928, and was killed by Japanese agents when he retreated from Beijing to Shenyang. 1929, his son Zhang Xueliang announced that the Northeast had changed its flag and joined the National Government.

After the Revolution of 1911, especially after Zhang Xueliang announced the renaming of Northeast China, the Republic of China began to replace the original name of Manchu birthplace with Northeast China. Due to historical and political reasons, in China, Manchuria, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces are generally referred to as Northeast China or Northeast China.

At present, Manchuria in the northeast of China is no longer the majority of the population. After the Revolution of 1911 in China, due to political pressure, Manchuria, as a regional title, was rarely allowed by the government. But people in Liaoning, Kyrgyzstan and Heilongjiang provinces still use it. For example, the older generation is still used to calling the north Beiman. Especially after 1990, this usage tends to increase in this respect. In western languages, "Manchuria" is still a common geographical name. Publications of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, South Korea, Japan and Russia still tend to use the word "Manchuria".

As a geographical term, the word "Manchuria" still retains the usage of "Manchuria" in some place names in Northeast China, such as "Manzhouli" (city name, located in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on the Sino-Russian border, formerly known as "Manchuria" in Russian), "Former site of Manchuria Provincial Party Committee" (cultural relics, located in the north market of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province), and some enterprises such as "Beiman".