What is V2X technology that can make Tesla drive automatically to avoid car accidents?

The development of autonomous driving has always been the focus of attention of major manufacturers and the public, because in all kinds of imaginations of the future, autonomous driving is a foregone conclusion. For lazy humans, autonomous driving is of course necessary.

At the CES show in 2020, the technology of autonomous driving warmed up again. Qualcomm, Horizon and Rong Yuan Qixing have made great efforts in computing chips and established their own autonomous driving platforms to develop autonomous driving on a large scale. DJI's subsidiaries, such as Lanwo Technology, Sagitar Juchuang, Aeva, Northbound, etc., focus on upgrading lidar, improving accuracy and reducing costs.

All this shows that autonomous driving technology is developing in full swing. There is also a bad saying behind this. There are many automatic driving accidents in Tesla frequently, which makes automatic driving full of controversy.

Autopilot technology is an essential technology for future development, so how to develop quickly and avoid detours is the most urgent thing at present. The V2X technology we introduced today is the only way for the development of autonomous driving.

Why V2X technology is the only way for autonomous driving is because it is the only vehicle sensing technology that is not affected by weather conditions, which greatly makes up for the disadvantages of sensors such as radar in the face of complex environment and bad weather, and can reduce accidents and traffic congestion. At the same time, in 20 16, the new specification drawn up by NHTSA in the United States requires that all newly produced minibuses and light trucks must use V2X? Or V2V technology, which greatly promoted the process of this technology from theory to landing.

What is V2X technology?

The full name of V2X is "Vehicle? Where to? Everything "is the technology that the car interacts with the outside world." It can be understood that the car is connected with the outside world. X in V2X is a variable, and its substitution can be V, I, P, N, etc. That is, automobiles and automobiles (V2V), automobiles and infrastructure (V2I), automobiles and pedestrians (V2P), automobiles and the Internet (V2N), etc. You can understand that this network can be connected with anything to form an interaction.

But there will be some differences in interconnection. For example, V2V, namely vehicle-to-vehicle connection, is a communication technology that is not limited to fixed base stations and provides direct end-to-end wireless communication for mobile vehicles. Through V2V communication technology, vehicle-mounted terminals can directly exchange wireless information with each other without forwarding through the base station.

V2I refers to the connection between the vehicle and the infrastructure (vehicle? Where to? Infrastructure), I include traffic facilities such as traffic lights, bus stops, telephone poles, buildings, overpasses, tunnels, roadblocks and so on. V2I communication realizes the communication function between infrastructure and vehicles without affecting the on-board sensors.

V2N means that the Vehicle is connected to the Internet (vehicle? Where to? Network) is the Internet of Vehicles. Vehicles are connected with large-scale networks such as mobile Internet and transportation network, so that vehicles can be connected with the existing Internet, and vehicles can obtain the service capability of the Internet.

How can V2X help us?

The application of V2X can also be divided into two stages. The first stage is the driving assistance stage. V2X mainly realizes the active safety of vehicles based on GNSS position, vehicle driving state parameters and roadside information. V2X does not involve vehicle control, but only sends out warning messages to remind drivers. That is our common ADAS active driver assistance system, including emergency braking, left turn assistance, lane change assistance, red light warning, pedestrian warning and so on.

In the second stage of automatic driving, V2X can make up for the weakness of bicycle intelligence and is the most important part of automatic driving. For example, in harsh conditions such as sandstorm or night, the effect of car camera is greatly weakened. At this time, it shows the power of V2X, which is not affected by the weather and can obtain information through obstacles in 360 degrees without dead ends. You can even get intelligent capabilities through remote platforms to complete autonomous driving.

At present, there are two typical applications of V2X in autonomous driving: formation driving of autonomous vehicles and automatic parking in the last mile. The application of automatic parking in the last mile is a hot application in recent years. Judging from the existing solutions to the final stop scene of autonomous driving, V2X's assistance is necessary. V2X is the channel connecting the mobile phone and the vehicle, and it is also the link between the parking lot and the vehicle multi-sensor system.

What will happen to V2X in the future?

From the ultimate goal of V2X, V2X will realize the complete coordination of people, vehicles and roads, and become the most important link in intelligent transportation, which will effectively reduce the accident rate and the decline of congestion index. At the same time, V2X car networking brings a variety of application scenarios such as automatic driving, smart travel and logistics integration.

However, this cannot be done overnight. Although V2X technology has a bright future, it still needs to face many thorny problems.

At present, V2X has two main technical directions. One is DSRC (dedicated? Short? Range? Communications) dedicated short-distance communication technology, and the underlying technology is based on IEEE? 802. 1 1p communication standard is a communication technology applied to V2X. In the early stage, the United States, Japan and Europe all laid out V2X based on DSRC. Its technical advantage is based on more than ten years' research, and finally forms a unified standard and reliable and stable technology.

The second is C-V2X technology, which is developed by 3GPP(3rd? A generation? Partnership? V2X technology based on cellular communication defined by the project), including V2X system based on LTE and future 5G, is a powerful supplement to DSRC technology. With the help of existing LTE network facilities, it realizes the information interaction among V2V, V2N and V2I. The most attractive feature of this technology is that it can keep up with changes, adapt to more complex security application scenarios, and meet the requirements of low delay, high reliability and bandwidth.

According to GM's prediction, V2V will play a more effective role when 25% of vehicles in a region are equipped with V2V technology. Because DSRC technology is more mature and supported by American government departments, it is likely to dominate the American market, thus affecting the development of DSRC in other countries.

However, C-V2X technology has great advantages in continuous iteration, reliability and signal transmission delay. However, the short development time and large initial investment are also problems that need to be faced.

Therefore, it will be a big problem to unify the in-vehicle protocol in the future, or to be able to integrate multiple technologies like mobile phones. Just like Huawei and Apple now, it will be very difficult to reach an agreement between the giants.

What is certain is that V2X technology will be the object of research and development by various car companies in the future. Toyota cooperated closely with Michigan Jiaotong University Research Institute (UMTRI) to launch 5,000 connected cars for testing in the Michigan driverless demonstration zone; The CTS produced by GM 20 17 has come standard with V2X technology. Among the independent brands, SAIC Roewe and Chery have started to develop V2X technology, but the results have been little. Tesla, who is very keen on autonomous driving, certainly didn't stop. At present, Tesla's autopilot has evolved to version 3.0. If V2X technology is added, there will definitely be a qualitative leap. At that stage, there won't be so many accidents in autonomous driving.

(Image from the Internet)

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This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.