What was the first infectious disease in human history?

What was the first infectious disease in human history? First, the epidemic situation of several deadly plagues

Smallpox. More than 1 100 years ago, an acute infectious disease smallpox appeared in India or Egypt. Smallpox was prevalent in India and China from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd century BC. 165 to 180, the smallpox epidemic in the Roman empire,14 of the population died. In the 6th century, smallpox was prevalent in Europe, and 10% of the population died. In the17th and18th centuries, smallpox was the most serious infectious disease in Europe, with the death toll as high as10.50 billion. /kloc-In the middle of the 9th century, smallpox was prevalent in China, Fujian and other places, and the mortality rate exceeded 1/2. From 1900 to 1909, 500,000 people died of smallpox in Russia.

Plague. From 430 BC to 427 BC, there was a great plague in Athens, nearly 1/2 people died, and the whole Athens was almost destroyed. Some experts believe that this epidemic is a plague. The first world plague epidemic with clear records in history began in the 6th century, originated in the Middle East, and its epidemic center was the Mediterranean coast in the Near East. It lasted for nearly 60 years. At the peak, 1 10,000 people died every day, and the total number of deaths was nearly 654.38+billion. The most terrible thing is the plague epidemic in World War II, which was called the "Black Death" in history. 1348 ~ 135 1 spread rapidly in Europe, and the patient died within 3 ~ 5 days. In three years, the number of people killed reached 62 million (some say 30 million), and the population of Europe decreased by nearly 1/. 1348 at the peak of the epidemic, the death toll in Florence, Venice, London and other cities was over 65,438+million. The Black Death lasted until17th century. The third worldwide plague epidemic is the most extensive one. Plague broke out in Hong Kong from 65438 to 0894, and reached its peak in 1930s. It spread to more than 60 countries in Asia, Europe, America, Africa and Australia, and killed more than one million people. Among them, India is the most serious, with more than 654.38+0.02 million deaths in 20 years. The epidemic is mostly distributed in coastal cities and nearby densely populated residential areas. The epidemic spreads quickly and widely, far ahead of the two pandemics. Today, this plague is almost extinct in North America, Europe and other places, but it still appears from time to time in some parts of Asia and Africa.

Cholera. From the beginning of19th century to the end of 20th century, there were 8 large-scale cholera epidemics worldwide and several regional epidemics. 18 17 to 1823, cholera spread from Ganges delta in India, the hometown of human cholera, to Europe. Around 18 18, more than 60,000 people died in Britain. 1826 to 1837, the second cholera epidemic passed through Russia and successively reached Germany, Britain, Canada and the United States. From 1846 to 1863, the third cholera epidemic spread throughout the northern hemisphere. 1865 to 1875, the fourth cholera epidemic was triggered by a ship sailing from Egypt to Britain. From 1883 to 1896, cholera reached Egypt for the fifth time. 19 10 ~ 1926, the sixth cholera epidemic. The seventh cholera epidemic occurred in 196 1, which started in Indonesia and spread to five continents 140 countries and regions, with more than 3.5 million cases reported. 1992 to 10, the eighth cholera epidemic swept through parts of India and Bangladesh. In just two to three months, more than 654.38+million cases were reported and thousands of people died, and then spread to many countries and regions. 1Since September 1997, cholera has spread on a large scale in Africa. In the first three months of 1998, Uganda reported 1 1335 cases and Kenya reported10/08 cases.

Flu 15 10, the first recorded influenza in the world occurred in Britain. 1580, 1675, 1733, there is a large-scale influenza in Europe. From 1889 to 1894, "Russian flu" swept the whole of western Europe. The most deadly is the1918 ~1919 influenza that swept the world. It may have originated in America. On March, 2008 19 1 1 day, the soldiers in an American military camp 107 first became ill. In less than two days, 522 soldiers were infected. Within a week, cases appeared in every state and spread all over the country for several months, but they were not taken seriously. In April, the flu spread to Europe, China and Japan. In May, the flu spread all over Africa and South America. The epidemic reached its peak in September. In June+10, 5438, influenza caused a record death rate of 5% in the United States. That year, nearly 65,438+0/4 Americans got the flu and 675,000 people died. About 20-50 million people around the world have died from this flu disaster. 18 months later, the disease mysteriously disappeared. The "Asian Influenza" of 1957 and the "Hong Kong Influenza" of 1968 have also spread to many parts of the world. The "Asian flu" caused 70,000 deaths in the United States, and the "Hong Kong flu" caused 34,000 deaths in the United States due to infection. The "Russian flu" from 1977 to 1978 began to spread in the former Soviet Union, and then spread to the United States and other countries.

Other major infectious diseases. Tuberculosis has claimed 200 million lives; Malaria and El Nino together caused1.50-2.7 million deaths1.997; Dengue fever 198 1 More than 300,000 people in Cuba are sick, and it still happens from time to time. The mortality rate caused by Ebola virus is as high as 78 ~ 88%. In addition, typhoid fever, West Nile virus, syphilis, AIDS, Legionella and so on. , but also caused great harm to mankind.

The cause of computer virus

The types of infected viruses and their modes of transmission are as follows: 1. Visit the website of the hanged horse and don't update the antivirus software. 2.QQ and MSN trick users into clicking on links with viruses. 3. Open the attachment contained in the virus mail. 4. USB flash drive virus spread. 5. The virus was not completely scanned when it was removed, resulting in incomplete virus removal. 6. The system patch was not updated in time.

What is the fastest spreading infectious disease in human history? Spanish flu.

The "Spanish epidemic" caused by the variation of avian influenza virus was named after Spain first announced the influenza epidemic. 19 18 In March, "Spanish flu" first broke out in Finson Barracks, Kansas, USA, and swept the world within one year, with more than 500 million patients and nearly 40 million deaths, equivalent to four times the number of deaths in World War I.

Smallpox, an infectious disease in human history, has now disappeared.

As early as more than 30 years ago, the World Health Organization announced that smallpox, the most infectious disease in the world, had been completely eradicated. However, many people don't know that the last batch of smallpox viruses in the world are still preserved in research institutions in the United States and Russia. The World Health Organization held a meeting to consider destroying the virus within a time limit to eliminate potential dangers. However, the United States and Russia object to this, insisting that keeping these samples can develop better vaccines to prevent future biochemical attacks by terrorists.

Smallpox was once the mortal enemy of mankind, which claimed hundreds of millions of lives for thousands of years, and many people were blind or covered with acne pits. It was not until 1796 that smallpox vaccine was developed, and it took nearly 200 years to eradicate the disease. However, there are still more than 500 strains of smallpox virus in the world, of which more than 400 strains are kept in the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, USA, and more than 100 strains are kept in the Victor National Virus Laboratory in Novosibirsk, Russia. It is reported that these two institutions are heavily guarded and the smallpox virus is frozen at -70 degrees.

In a container at 20℃.

In the past 20 years, whether smallpox virus should be completely eliminated has caused several heated debates. The United States claims that terrorists may turn smallpox virus into a weapon to deal with a new generation of human beings who have never been vaccinated, so it is necessary to keep virus samples to develop new drugs or vaccines against smallpox. Russia's position is similar. However, some developing countries hold the opposite view. Some countries have pointed out that once these viruses are stolen by terrorists, the consequences are unimaginable.

Is plague or smallpox the infectious disease that caused the most casualties in human history? The most serious plagues in human history are 1 and the Black Death (1347- 135 1). The Black Death is one of the deadliest plagues in human history. It is generally believed that it is caused by a bacterium called plague. But recently, some people think it is caused by other diseases. The origin of plague has caused widespread controversy among experts. Some historians believe that the Black Death began in China or Central Asia in the1420s and1430s. In the following years, it was taken to Crimea in southern Russia by businessmen and soldiers. 1In the 1940s, the epidemic spread from Crimea to Western Europe and North Africa. The Black Death caused 75 million deaths worldwide, including 25 million to 50 million deaths in Europe. One symptom of the Black Death is that there are many black spots on the patient's face, so this special plague is called "Black Death". For people infected with this disease, painful death is almost inevitable, and there is no possibility of cure. The pathogen that caused the plague was carried by fleas hidden in the fur of black mice. /kloc-in the 0/4th century, there were many black mice. Once the disease occurs, it will spread quickly. From 1348 to1350,25 million Europeans died of the Black Death. However, the epidemic did not stop there. Over the next 40 years, again and again. Before Yersinia pestis broke out again in the 1920s, it had been lurking in the Gobi Desert in Asia for hundreds of years, and then it quickly spread around with the blood in fleas on rats, and spread from China to Central Asia and Turkey along the caravan trade route, and then it was taken to Italy and entered Europe by ship. The dense population in Europe has become a powder keg for this disease. In three years, the Black Death ravaged the whole European continent and then spread to Russia, resulting in the death of nearly one third to half of the Russian population. 2. The Third Plague Epidemic (1885- 1950) The third plague epidemic refers to a great plague that started in 1855 in Yunan Province, China. This worldwide epidemic is famous for its rapid spread and wide spread, surpassing the previous two. The plague spread to all inhabited continents. After it first spread from Yunnan to Guizhou, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Fuzhou and Xiamen, the death toll in these places reached 654.38+million. The plague in southern China also spread rapidly to India, from 1900 to San Francisco, Europe and Africa, and from 10 to 77 ports in more than 60 countries. In India and China alone, more than120,000 people died of this plague. According to the World Health Organization, the March lasted until 1959, when the number of people who died of plague worldwide was reduced to about 200. The characteristics of this epidemic are that the epidemic areas are mostly distributed in coastal cities and nearby densely populated residential areas, and there are also epidemics among livestock. Almost all Chinese and foreign scholars agree that the plague epidemic in the third world originated in Yunnan, which is the plague focus of ancient rodents, but they all assert that there is no natural plague focus in Yunnan and the plague in Yunnan is imported. That is, directly introduced or introduced from India and Myanmar. However, in 1974, plague workers in Yunnan isolated Yersinia pestis from Apodemus sinensis in Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province, which confirmed that there was a natural focus in western Yunnan, which scholars called the China plague focus in Miledu, a longitudinal valley in western Yunnan, providing further scientific basis for the third plague epidemic. Nowadays, plague is rare, but it has not completely disappeared, because it will still spread among mice and infect people as soon as possible. In 1980s, plague was reported every year in Africa, Asia and South America. 1996 The plague that broke out in India has also become a major news in the world. At present, about 1000 to 2000 people are infected with plague every year. Even in the United States, more than 10 people are infected with plague from wild rodents every year, and 1/7 patients die. Although plague is not incurable and easy to control, the shadow left by historical tragedy is hard to eliminate and is still regarded as the most horrible disease by many people. 3. Justinian plague (54 1-542) Justinian plague refers to the first large-scale plague that broke out in the Mediterranean world in 54 1-542, causing extremely serious losses. However, the plague destroyed the Byzantine Empire to a great extent, and its extremely high mortality rate led to a significant decline in the population of the Byzantine Empire, a sharp drop in the labor force and the army, a serious disruption of the normal life order, and a far-reaching negative social consequence, which also had a far-reaching impact on the historical development of the Byzantine Empire, the Mediterranean and Europe. After the 4th century AD, the once prosperous Roman Empire gradually split into two parts: East and West. The emperors of Byzantine Empire in the far east have always regarded themselves as the orthodox heirs of the Roman Empire, so they have been trying to recover lost ground, reunify the Roman Empire and reproduce their former glory. In the 6th century AD, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian decided to take action to realize this dream. Thus, Justinian launched a conquest war against the western Mediterranean world in 533 AD. However, just as he swept across North Africa and conquered Italy, and was about to reappear the glory of the Roman Empire, an unprecedented plague came unexpectedly, which made the dream of reviving the Eastern Roman Empire come to nothing. In 54 1 year, the plague broke out in Egypt, the territory of the Eastern Roman Empire, and then quickly spread to the capital Constantinople and other regions. At that time, there were many strange and horrible scenes: when people were talking to each other, they began to tremble involuntarily and then fell to the ground; When people are shopping, standing there talking or counting change, death will come unexpectedly. Poor people sleeping on the street were the first to get infected with the plague. At the worst of the plague, 5,000 to 7,000 people died in one day, and even tens of thousands of people died unfortunately. In extreme fear, officials had to report to Justinian that the death toll soon exceeded 230,000, and there were not enough burial sites. Bodies had to be piled up in the street, and the whole city smelled of corpses. Justinian himself almost caught the plague. In fear, he ordered the construction of many huge graves that could bury tens of thousands of bodies, and recruited workers to dig holes to bury the dead with heavy money to stop the further spread of the plague. Results A large number of corpses, men, women and children, were covered with nearly 100 layers and buried together. The plague killed 40% of the residents of Constantinople. It raged for half a century until14 of the Roman population died of the plague. The famine and civil strife caused by the plague completely shattered Justinian's ambition and weakened the Eastern Roman Empire to the point of collapse.

Which is the key infectious disease, tuberculosis or gonorrhea, and which is the common infectious disease? Tuberculosis!

Gonorrhea will be fine if you don't mess around!

Infectious diseases in British history and their influence The Black Death, the most terrible infectious disease in human history. The Black Death is considered to be the first truly large-scale epidemic. After the outbreak of 1347 in Sicily, it swept across Europe in three years and killed 25 million people in 20 years, equivalent to half a European. The Black Death continued to spread along the route of war and trade, cities and villages along the way were completely destroyed, and global politics and economy were dealt a fatal blow. In the following 300 years, the disease made a comeback in Europe many times, and later scholars estimated that as many as 200 million people died of the plague.

It swept across Europe, and Britain also spread it.

There are cholera, smallpox and mad cow disease, all of which are worldwide infectious diseases.

What is the thickest book in human history, Encyclopedia Britannica, also known as Encyclopedia Britannica?

Encyclopedia Britannica, also known as Encyclopedia Britannica, is considered to be the most famous and authoritative encyclopedia and the thickest book in the world. It was once regarded by the British as the authority second only to God. Encyclopedia Britannica is the product of the Scottish Enlightenment. Colin, a local bookseller and printer? McFarlane and Andrew the sculptor? Bell decided to publish a set of reference books in the name of "gentlemen's association". They hired 28-year-old William? Smellie asked him to edit a three-volume Encyclopedia Britannica with 100 chapters for 200 pounds. The first volume was published in February 1768, and the price was sixpence. 177 1, all three volumes were completed, * * 239 1 page, of which copper plate carving 160, with a total sales volume of 3,000 sets.

Top ten infectious disease deaths in world history! First, the plague in Athens died like a sheep. "People die like sheep. The patient wandered naked in the street, looking for water to drink until he fell to the ground and died. Dogs, crows and vultures also died of this disease because they ate human corpses lying everywhere. Those who survived either lost their fingers, toes or eyes or lost their memories. " One day in 430 BC, the Greek historian Thucydides recorded the plague that swept through Athens. This plague is the earliest recorded major disease in human history, which directly led to the death of nearly14 residents.

Second, a variety of plagues broke out collectively. In the middle of the 2nd century AD, typhoid fever, smallpox, measles and toxic shock syndrome attacked the Roman Empire under Anthony. Dioka, a Roman historian, said that at that time, 2000 people died in Rome one day, equivalent to14 of the infected people. Finally, the whole plague caused Rome 1/3 deaths, and the total death toll was estimated to be as high as 5 million.

Third, the world's first large-scale plague Justinian plague The world's first large-scale plague began in 54 1 year, first broke out in Egypt, the territory of the Eastern Roman Empire, and then quickly spread to the capital Constantinople and other regions. 40% of the city residents in Constantinople died of this plague. A large number of bodies, men and women, old and young, high and low, covered nearly 100 floors and were buried together. The plague has been raging for half a century, and14 of the population in the Eastern Roman Empire died of the plague.

Four, raging for 300 years, nearly 200 million people died. 1347 After the Black Death broke out in Sicily, it swept Europe in three years and killed 25 million Europeans in 20 years. The patient has no possibility of being cured, and there are many black spots on the panel. The process of death is extremely painful, so it is called "Black Death". In the following 300 years, the disease made a comeback in Europe many times, and later scholars estimated that as many as 200 million people died of the plague.

The biggest genocide in human history, Indian smallpox, is even called "the biggest genocide in human history" by historians, not with guns, but with smallpox. /kloc-At the end of 0/5, when Europeans set foot on the American continent, there were 20-30 million indigenous people living here. After about 100 years, the indigenous population is less than100000. Researchers pointed out that European colonists gave blankets used by smallpox patients to Indians. Subsequently, the plague raged, and mumps, measles, cholera, gonorrhea and yellow fever from Europe followed. 18 In the 1970s, British doctor edward Cenna discovered vaccinia, and human beings were finally able to resist smallpox virus.

6. Yellow fever 1648, the only compulsory immune disease that has ravaged for two centuries, and the first large-scale yellow fever outbreak in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. In the next two centuries, yellow fever became popular in America, Africa and a few European countries, so it was also called "American plague". The vector of the disease is Aedes mosquitoes, which is an important cause of hemorrhagic diseases. Yellow fever is the only disease for which WHO has compulsory immunization. (yellow fever vaccination certificate must be presented when entering or leaving the epidemic-affected countries for non-epidemic countries. )

Seven. Incalculable losses In the19th century, cholera recorded seven world pandemics. The first outbreak began in 18 17, and the five subsequent outbreaks all occurred in19th century, so it was called "the most frightening and noticeable world disease in19th century". The death toll from cholera is incalculable. In India alone, 38 million people died in 100, while in Europe, 900,000 people died in 183 1 year. 1832 After the British cholera subsided, British doctor john snow traced the root of the cholera outbreak in London-a water pump that had been polluted by sewage, thus confirming that water was one of the ways of cholera.

Eight, the nightmare of mankind in the 20th century Spanish epidemic The "Spanish epidemic" caused by the variation of avian influenza virus is the nightmare of mankind in the 20th century. 19 18 In March, "Spanish flu" first broke out in Finson Barracks, Kansas, USA, and swept the world within one year, with more than 500 million patients and nearly 40 million deaths, equivalent to four times the number of deaths in World War I.

Nine, the accomplice of the war Russian typhus 19 17 10 Around the October Revolution in Russia, Russian typhus was seriously prevalent and about 3 million people died. The main transmission route of typhus is worms. After the outbreak of World War I, the German army went from bad to worse, its military discipline was lax, and it neglected to repel insects, which eventually led to a large-scale epidemic of typhus on the Eastern Front. The spread to Russia coincided with the turmoil in Russia due to the revolution and the rapid spread of the plague.

X. Plague Malaria is still raging. During the First World War, there was a malaria epidemic in the European troops that colonized Africa, Asia and other places, especially in the British troops in East Africa. More than 654.38 million people died of malaria. Now, malaria has become one of the most common and serious tropical diseases in the world, with about 300 million cases worldwide every year, resulting in more than 65.438+100,000 deaths. For a long time, it was considered "unrealistic" to develop malaria vaccine, but in 2006, Joe Coen invented the first effective malaria vaccine.

Bian Que (407 BC-3 BC10) was the first person to propose infectious diseases in the history of China, and was a famous doctor during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Zheng (now Renqiu, Hebei Province) was born in Bohai County and Qi State (now Changqing, Shandong Province). Because of his superb medical skills, he was honored as an imperial doctor, so people at that time used the name of "Bian Que", the imperial doctor of the Yellow Emperor in ancient mythology, to call him. When I was young, I studied medicine in Chang Sangjun, and I passed on my medical skills. I was good in all subjects. Zhao is regarded as gynecology, Zhou as ENT, and pediatrics is famous all over the world. Li Yi, the doctor of Qin Dynasty, had better be assassinated than jealous of it. Bian Que founded the pulse diagnosis method of traditional Chinese medicine, which was the first of its kind in traditional Chinese medicine. According to legend, the famous classic of Chinese medicine "Difficult Classics" was written by Bian Que. According to the records of Boye County in Hebei Province, its tomb was in Boye Road Village and was destroyed during the Great Leap Forward.

What kind of infectious disease is chickenpox? Chickenpox is an acute respiratory infection caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV). It belongs to other legal infectious diseases and key monitoring infectious diseases, and does not belong to the provisions of Class A, B and C infectious diseases. The reporting time is 24 hours.