Reading Notes of Introduction to Anthropology: Thinking Like an Anthropologist

1. Studying cultural anthropology can enable all students to understand and explore our diverse world.

2. The roles that most students will play in life: cosmopolitan, reformer, critic, scientist and humanist. Give students and career planners confidence with sufficient evidence, and prove that anthropological thinking can promote career, base itself on society, show what they have learned and be independent.

3. Our method of this question is summarized as 1 1 key problem. Learning and applying these problems is the primary goal of this book.

4. In the Teaching of Anthropology (Kottak et al., 1977, 7 1-72), Jane White summarized the goals for students emphasized by many textbook writers at present:

? Reflections on the diversity and adaptability of human culture

? Be a knowledgeable and responsible citizen of the world.

? Understand the scientific method of studying human beings? Get rid of narrow ideas and ethnocentrism

? Understand meaningful ideas

? Let students master the tools they can continue to use after the course.

? Let students master their own learning process.

? Study people's views with ethnography

Ask questions and criticize their own American culture.

Challenge the existing knowledge system of the discipline itself

Five conditions to achieve the best results:

? 1. Actively participate in the theme. The learner blends new materials into his/her brain imagination.

2. Constant feedback. Learners finally correct their understanding through dialogue, reflection, inspection and guidance.

? 3. Cooperate with English learners. Learners are committed to active learning to get feedback, understand other people's views and cooperate, so as to actively acquire anthropological methods.

4. Unconsciously. Learners observe others and imitate the best behavior or thinking.

? 5. Apply what you have learned to practice. Learners integrate learning materials into thoughts or behaviors, or apply them to the wide world outside the classroom. Apply the content of learning materials to behavior, and combine the feedback with students' way of thinking again.

? After some explanations and follow-up practice, you will understand the meaning behind these feasible problems and discover the mysteries of mankind through exploration. These questions represent the basic questions that most anthropologists put forward to human beings in their research. These questions condense cultural anthropology, and let us look at and think about human beings in a concise and easy-to-understand way.

1. What is culture? (Conceptual question) What kind of person are anthropologists trying to describe (explain), explain, defend or change?

2. How to understand culture? (Nature) How can we know what people know in a certain culture to the greatest extent? Will my research change this behavior or object to some extent? Is my role as an observer and journalist disciplined?

? 3. What is the background of this practice or idea? What is the origin, composition, result, influence or symbol of these practices or concepts in other areas of people's lives?

4. Is it the same in other societies? Are the practices in other societies the same or different? What is the reason for it

5. What were these practices and concepts like in the past? (timeliness) What has shaped these into what they are today? What will happen in the near future?

? 6. How do human beings' biology, culture and environment interact? How does the human body or its physiological environment shape the behavior I study? How do the behaviors I study affect the physical or physiological environment?

7. What are groups and relationships? (Social structure) How do social mechanisms or groups influence these practices and concepts? How do people organize themselves to complete various tasks? How to establish authority? How is power distributed?

? What does this mean? (Explanatory question) What do these practical objects or expressions mean to participants? How can I pass on their experiences and feelings to those who are not involved?

9. What is my perspective? How does my personal or cultural role affect my understanding? How does learning this culture help me understand my own culture? How has this changed me?

? 10. Do I judge in F? (Relativity question) Did I presuppose a moral judgment on this scene, making me wear colored glasses and limiting my opinion? On what basis should I judge these practices or concepts? Should I follow these judgments?

1 1. What are people talking about? How do people I watch talk about what they do? How to talk about my research on them? How should I study them? What do they think of them in my writing?

Scientifically speaking, cultural anthropology describes and explains the similarities and differences between people in thought and behavior.

From the humanistic point of view, cultural anthropology is the interpretation and acceptance of other human lifestyles.

Scientific appeal is the method, and humanistic appeal is the goal.

Culture, language and communication; Social organization, structure and form; Politics, law, government, conflict; Economy, life, wealth

Religion, art, ceremony; Immigration, transnational, race and diversity; Sex, gender, life cycle

Become a reformer, critic, scientist, humanist and cosmopolitan.

Know your own life, understand the cultural role of people around you in their thoughts and behaviors, and make the right choice at the right time.