Hong Kong’s location, history, customs, food and architecture

Hong Kong (Hong Kong), the full name is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.

It consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and the New Territories (including Lantau Island and more than 230 large and small islands).

It is located in southern China, east of the Pearl River Estuary, connected to Shenzhen, Guangdong to the north across the Shenzhen River; to the west, it faces Macau across the sea; to the south, it faces the South China Sea.

The geographical coordinates of Hong Kong are 114°15′ east longitude and 22°15′ north latitude. It is located on the coast of South China, east of the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province, China, and consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, the inland New Territories and 262 It consists of several large and small islands (outlying islands).

Hong Kong borders Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province to the north, and Wanshan Islands, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province to the south.

Hong Kong is 61 kilometers across the sea from Macau to the west, 130 kilometers from Guangzhou to the north and 1,200 kilometers from Shanghai.

The three major parts of Hong Kong cover an area of ??approximately 81 square kilometers on Hong Kong Island; approximately 47 square kilometers on the Kowloon Peninsula; and approximately 976 square kilometers on the New Territories and 262 outlying islands.

Hong Kong has a total jurisdiction of 2,755.03 square kilometers, including 1,104.32 square kilometers of land area and 1,650.64 square kilometers of water area.

Hong Kong is a highly prosperous international metropolis and the third largest financial center in the world after New York and London. Together with New York in the United States and London in the United Kingdom, it is also known as the "New York Harbor" and enjoys a high reputation in the world. High reputation.

Hong Kong is also an important financial, service and shipping center in Asia. It is famous for its clean government, good public security, free economic system and perfect legal system. It is known as the "Pearl of the Orient", " "Food Paradise" and "Shopping Paradise".

Before 1840, Hong Kong was still a small fishing village.

From 1842 to 1997, Hong Kong became a British colony.

After the Second World War, Hong Kong's economy and society developed rapidly. Not only was it known as one of the "Four Asian Tigers", it also became one of the richest, most economically developed and highest-living areas in the world. .

On July 1, 1997, the People's Republic of China officially resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong.

Hong Kong maintains a capitalist system and enjoys a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign affairs and national defense.

Hong Kong is a place where Chinese and Western cultures blend. It is also an important shipping hub and one of the most competitive cities in the international and Asia-Pacific regions. Its economic freedom index has ranked first in the world for 21 consecutive years.

During the Neolithic Age, there were already human activities in Hong Kong.

After Qin Shihuang unified China, in 214 BC (the 23rd year of Qin Shihuang), the Chinese Qin Dynasty sent troops to pacify Baiyue, established Nanhai County, and incorporated Hong Kong into its territory, under the jurisdiction of Panyu County.

From this point on, Hong Kong was placed under the jurisdiction of the central government and became the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty at that time (the Central Plains in the narrow sense refers to the present-day Henan area.

The Central Plains in the broad sense , refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River). From this time until the Qing Dynasty, as the civilization of the Central Plains spread southwards, the Hong Kong area gradually developed.

In the Han Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Boluo County, Nanhai County.

In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 331), Hong Kong was affiliated to Bao'an County, Dongguan County.

In the sixth year of Xianhe, Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the eastern part of Nanhai County was divided and another Dongguan County was established, which governed six counties including Bao'an, Xingning, and Haifeng.

The jurisdiction of Baoan County includes today's Hong Kong area, Shenzhen City, and Dongguan City. The county seat is today's Nantou City, Shenzhen.

In the Sui Dynasty, Dongguan County was abolished and the jurisdiction was merged into Nanhai County in Guangzhou Prefecture. Bao'an County was also changed to Nanhai County, while Hong Kong was still under the management of Bao'an County.

In the second year of Zhide (AD 757) of the Tang Dynasty, Bao'an County was renamed Dongguan County, and Hong Kong remained under Dongguan County.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of people from the mainland moved to Hong Kong, which promoted Hong Kong's economic and cultural development.

During the Yuan Dynasty, China belonged to Jiangxi Province. During the Yuan Dynasty, an inspection department was set up in Tuen Mun, southwest of Hong Kong, and in Tuen Mun, the outer port of Guangzhou, to garrison troops to prevent pirate invasion and protect the Guangzhou area.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, part of Dongguan County was carved out to establish Xin'an County, which later became Hong Kong.

Since then, Hong Kong Island has been under the jurisdiction of Xin'an County, Guangzhou Prefecture, from the Wanli reign of Ming Shenzong (1573 AD) until it became a British colony in the 21st year of Daoguang reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty (1841 AD).

The Qing Dynasty sent troops to the New Territories in 1662 and ordered the villagers to grow braids.

During the Qing Dynasty, Hong Kong had always played an important role in external trade because Hong Kong was geographically closely related to Guangzhou, and Guangzhou was the only commercial port open to the outside world during the Qing Dynasty.

Before the British occupied Hong Kong, Hong Kong was basically a desert island. There were some fishermen living in Stanley, Tai Tam Tuk and Shek Pai Wan in the south of the island, and in A Kung Rock and Shui Tseng Wan in the east.

There are some small village bays in other places such as Wong Nai Chung, Deng Di Chau, Qi Sisters, etc. At that time, there were about 3,000 residents on the island.

[5] In the early years, the British saw the potential of Hong Kong's Victoria Harbor to become an excellent port in East Asia. It was not until the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in the late 19th century that the territory was ceded and leased to the British in batches, making it a British port. colony.

In 1842, the 22nd year of Daoguang reign in the Qing Dynasty, the Sino-British Opium War was defeated. The Qing government was defeated and ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain.

In 1860, the tenth year of Xianfeng's reign, the Kowloon Peninsula was ceded to Britain.

In 1898, the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu's reign, the New Territories were also forcibly leased by the British, and the entire Hong Kong area was administered by the British.

The three parts of Hong Kong (Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the New Territories) originated from three unequal treaties at different times.

January 26, 1841: After the First Opium War, the British occupied Hong Kong Island. Afterwards, the Qing Dynasty tried to regain it by force. Emperor Daoguang issued many edicts to this end, but the Qing Dynasty Territorial integrity cannot always be defended.

August 29, 1842: The Qing Dynasty signed the unequal "Treaty of Nanjing" (originally known as the "Treaty of Jiangning") with the United Kingdom, and ceded Hong Kong Island to the United Kingdom.

October 24, 1860: China and Britain signed the unequal Treaty of Beijing, ceding the area south of Boundary Street on the Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.

June 9, 1898: The British forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the "Hong Kong Boundary Expansion Ordinance" and leased the area north of Boundary Street on the Kowloon Peninsula and 262 nearby islands for a period of 99 years (to Ended June 30, 1997).

December 25, 1941: During World War II, the Japanese army invaded Hong Kong. The British troops stationed in Hong Kong were unable to resist. The then Governor of Hong Kong, Yang Muqi, reluctantly announced his surrender.

Hong Kong was occupied by Japan.

September 15, 1945: After Japan's defeat in the war, it signed a letter of surrender in Hong Kong and withdrew from Hong Kong.

After World War II, Hong Kong's economy and society developed rapidly, becoming the world's third largest financial center after New York and London.

Not only has it become one of the "Four Asian Tigers", it is also the financial, service and shipping center of Asia.

From 1982 to 1984, China and the United Kingdom negotiated the implementation of the future of Hong Kong. On December 19, 1984, they signed the Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland* **Joint Statement on the Question of Hong Kong", which decided that the People's Republic of China would resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997.

China is committed to implementing one country, two systems in Hong Kong. Hong Kong will maintain the capitalist system and original way of life, and enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign affairs and national defense, that is, "Hong Kong people govern Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy." .

On July 1, 1997, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, and Hong Kong became a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

According to the "Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China", Hong Kong retains its original economic model, legal and social systems, which will remain unchanged for fifty years, and implements "one country, two systems", except for defense and diplomacy Apart from the fact that affairs are under the control of the central government, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region enjoys a high degree of autonomy.

On July 9, 2015, the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passed the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on September 3, 2015, as a one-time additional public holiday and statutory holiday.

Unless otherwise provided by law, all banks, educational institutions, public institutions offices and *** departments are not required to open their offices.

That day will also be a statutory holiday under the Employment Ordinance.

Hong Kong’s terrain is mainly hilly, with the highest point being Tai Mo Shan at an altitude of 958 meters.

Hong Kong has relatively little flat land. About 20% of the land is lowland, mainly concentrated in the northern part of the New Territories. They are the Yuen Long Plain and the Fanling Lowland, both of which are alluvial plains naturally formed by rivers; followed by The Kowloon Peninsula and the northern part of Hong Kong Island are reclaimed land that expanded from the original narrow flat land.

Although it is customary to take the name from Hong Kong Island, the largest island in Hong Kong is Lantau Island, which is more than twice the size of Hong Kong Island.

Hong Kong has a subtropical climate with high temperatures throughout the year. The average annual temperature is

Victoria Harbor, Hong Kong

Victoria Harbor, Hong Kong

22.8 ℃.

Summers are hot and humid, with temperatures ranging from 27 to 33°C; winters are cool and dry, but rarely drop below 5°C.

It is rainy from May to September, sometimes quite heavily.

Typhoons occasionally strike between summer and autumn. July to September is the season when Hong Kong has more typhoons. However, from May to November, tropical cyclones of different intensities may strike.

In the western North Pacific, East China Sea and South China Sea, an average of 30 tropical cyclones are formed every year, half of which reach typhoon intensity, with maximum wind speeds of 118 kilometers per hour or more.

The average annual rainfall in Hong Kong is 2214.3 mm. The month with the most rainfall is August and the month with the least rainfall is January.

In addition, the high-rise buildings and dense population in Hong Kong's urban areas create a microclimate that is prone to produce a heat island effect, resulting in significant temperature differences between urban and suburban areas. Urban areas with many high-rise buildings make the air The "suspended particles" are more difficult to blow away.

Hong Kong is located in a humid subtropical environment with abundant drainage and developed surface water systems.

However, the scope of the water system is limited and there are no large rivers.

In addition to the Shenzhen River, which is the boundary river between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, there are mainly Shing Mun River, Wu Tong River, Lam Tsuen River, Yuen Long River and Kam Tin River. The length of most rivers does not exceed 5 miles, and the flow speed is And the flow is closely related to seasonal rainfall and is extremely unstable in the middle of the year.

In the dry season, it is difficult to maintain the flow of water or it stops flowing, and the river bed is exposed or partially exposed. In the wet season, the water level can easily reach the bank full level, causing flooding.

The Shenzhen River originates from Niuweiling in Wutong Mountain, flows from northeast to southwest into Shenzhen Bay, and exits the Lingding Ocean.

The total length is 37 kilometers and the drainage area is 312.5km, of which the Shenzhen side is 187.5km and the Hong Kong side is 125km.

The Wutong River in Hong Kong is the main tributary of the Shenzhen River.

Hong Kong’s population density is increasing every year. According to official data in 2011, Hong Kong’s population density ranks third in the world.

As of mid-2014, the total population of Hong Kong was approximately 7,234,800, an increase of 47,300 people compared with the same period in 2013, and an even greater increase of 451,300 people compared with mid-2004.

Most Hong Kong people live in high-rise buildings. Most of the residential buildings built in the past decade are over 30 to 40 storeys, with some reaching 70 storeys, and commercial buildings can reach about 100 storeys.

Moreover, a family of four generally can only live in or have space with an area of ??400 to 1,000 square feet (approximately 37.2 to 74.3 square meters, 12.3 to 30.7 square feet).

Because of this, Hong Kong still retains a large amount of undeveloped rural land despite its high population density.

Hong Kong has promoted family planning since the 1950s, advocating that each family support two children, with the purpose of reducing the high fertility rate at that time.

However, in 2006, Hong Kong's birth rate was the lowest among the 226 countries and regions in the world - only 9.6 births per 1,000 people.

On the other hand, Hong Kong is the region with the highest average life expectancy, with men’s life expectancy being 80.5 years and women’s life expectancy being 86.7 years.

As average life expectancy increases, the population will become increasingly older. In 2011, the number of people aged 65 and above accounted for 13% of the total population, and it is estimated that this number will increase to 27% in 2033.

Hong Kong’s population is dominated by Chinese, accounting for nearly 95% of Hong Kong’s population. Most of them are originally from the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong. They mainly speak Cantonese and English, and Mandarin is also very popular.

Some of them have moved to Hong Kong with a temporary residence mentality. Even if they establish regional associations or chambers of commerce in Hong Kong, they still use the word "visiting Hong Kong" as a label. There are more than 550,000 people in Hong Kong *** Regarding foreign passports, the largest number of foreigners are Indonesians and Filipinos, followed by Europeans and Indians.

The Filipinos who have settled in Hong Kong are the same as those from Indonesia and Thailand. Most of them are domestic workers. There are also Filipino singers and musicians who settled in Hong Kong after the Second World War. They work in lounges or leisure Play at the venue.

In addition, there are also no less than 100 people from India, Pakistan and Nepal who were drafted and recruited by the British to Hong Kong during the British rule to serve as police officers and soldiers (such as Chuqi soldiers), bank guards, construction workers, or in public schools and South Asians teaching English in subsidized schools.

Most of the British people who settled in Hong Kong came to work and settle in Hong Kong during the British rule, senior executives of large companies and government departments, professionals, and English teachers in public and subsidized schools.

Most of the Japanese who have settled in Hong Kong are middle and senior managers of large Japanese companies who have come to work and settle in Hong Kong.

The phenomenon of more women than men began to appear in Hong Kong in 2000. At that time, the male-to-female population ratio was 967 men per 1,000 women. The gap has been widening in the past few years.

In 2011, there were 460,000 more women than men, with only 876 men per 1,000 women.

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