On the History and Origin of Qi Opera in Hunan Province

Qi Opera is one of the local operas in Hunan. Also known as Qiyang team. It was called Qiyang Opera in the Republic of China, and it was named Qiyang Opera after Qiyang took shape. Qi opera is widely spread. Especially the Huxiang generation, it doesn't matter if they don't know much about Qi Opera. In this issue, I will give you a detailed analysis of the historical development of Qi Opera. Come and have a look!

Qi Opera is one of the local operas in Hunan, also known as Qiyang Troupe. It was called Qiyang Opera in the early years of the Republic of China and Chun 'an Opera in the late Qing Dynasty. Named after it was formed in Qiyang. Qi Opera is widely popular in Qiyang, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Lingling, Chenzhou and Huaihua in Hunan Province, and Quanzhou, Guilin, Pingle, Liuzhou, Gannan, northern Guangdong and western Fujian in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Qi Opera originated from Yiyang Opera, which was introduced to Qiyang in the early Ming Dynasty and gradually formed after being merged with local art. It is said that in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424), Yiyang dialect spread to Qiyang with Jiangxi immigrants and gradually formed. Yiyang Opera's earliest repertoire is Mulian Biography, which is called the ancestor of Qi Opera. In the late Ming Dynasty, Qi Opera has become a popular drama in Hunan. According to the Records of Qiyang County and the Nine-year Art of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, Qiyang had a relatively sound troupe activity system at the end of the Ming Dynasty.

Gao Qiang is the earliest vocal cavity of Qi Opera. In the late Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, Qi Opera gradually formed a drama cavity (North-South Road) after integrating Hui, Han and West Huang Tiao. During the development of post-drama, South Road was influenced by the exchange of Yihuang drama. With the changes of its popularity, repertoire and performing arts, its vocal forms are increasingly rich.

During the Kanggan period in the Qing Dynasty, the Qi Drama Club had a great spread and development, covering Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the famous Qi Opera Club included Jixiang Class and Laosi Happy Class. After Xianfeng and Tongzhi (1851-kloc-0/874), Qi opera developed in an all-round way, and many new drama clubs, plays and famous artists emerged constantly.

At that time, there were three kinds of classes: ordinary classes, middle classes and Jianghu classes. The average artist stayed in the department for three years before completing the normal degree, and all the activities during the period were in the class. The morning shift is active in Baishui, Lingling, Guizhi and Qiyang. Second, the middle class. Generally, apprentices have to help teachers for another three years after leaving the department.

During this period, apprentices still sang while learning opera to earn microwave income. This period is called "middle class". Third, the Jianghu class. The earliest Jianghu class was Lao Chunhua, who performed in Wugang area during Kangxi period. During the Qianlong period, there were classes such as Fang Qing class, Ruihua class and Xinxitang class. During Guangxu period, famous classes such as Rong Qing Class and Laoyonghe Class appeared. Sixi Class, Rong Qing Class, Laoyonghe Class and Tianxianyuan in the late Qing Dynasty are collectively called "Four Famous Classes".

In the Qi opera world, artists have the saying of "going to Gannan three times", and the first batch was in the Qianlong period; The second batch is Renhe class in the last years of Tongzhi; The third batch is the revival class in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. During the reign of Daoguang, the new Fuxiang class led by artist Long Mingxin became famous in Ninghua, Jiangxi. During the Republic of China, the first girls' class of Qi Opera-Lihua Class was established in Hongqiao, Qiyang on 1933.

After the founding of New China, the troupe grew and developed. 1956, there were 29 Qixi societies in Hunan province, with * * * 1972 participants. Starting from 1958, he continued to create modern plays, such as delivering grain and General Xinpo. 1960 Hunan Seven Drama Art Troupe reported the performance of "Noisy House"; In the same year, the Qi Theater in Hunan Province began to be built.

1963 The Department of Qi Drama was established in the Provincial Theatre Academy, and it began to recruit professional students. After ten years of turmoil, the art of Qi Opera was in a slump, and it gradually recovered from 1978. At the end of 1980, the Hunan Provincial Bureau of Culture organized a teaching exhibition of Qi Opera in the whole province, and sent videos of 24 outstanding plays, which reserved a lot of excellent performing art materials for Qi Opera and made great efforts for its preservation and development.