Population distribution law in China

The changing law of population distribution in China

3. 1 Under the dual driving mechanism of nomadic oppression and the attraction of hydrothermal conditions in the south, a large number of people in the north moved south, and the economy of the Southern Song Dynasty surpassed that of the north.

China's civilization is based on dry farming which originated in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Therefore, after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty seized the Hexi Corridor from the Huns, the main direction of immigration was Hexi and Hetao areas in Inner Mongolia. According to the statistics of Emperor Ping of the Western Han Dynasty, the population was about 58 million at that time, and the north accounted for 90%. This may be the most populous dynasty in the north before the Song Dynasty.

Under the oppression of nomadic people and the attraction of water and heat conditions in the south, a large number of people from the north moved south to the southeast provinces, and the economy surpassed that of the north in the Southern Song Dynasty.

3.2 In the Ming Dynasty, a large number of immigrants entered Guizhou and Yunnan, and stably controlled the southwest border.

Due to the rugged terrain in Guizhou and Yunnan, the destinations of northern immigrants moving south are mainly Jianghuai and Southeast China. Until the Ming Dynasty, with the livable areas basically exhausted the immigration potential, Guizhou and Yunnan became immigration destinations.

3.3 Large-scale migration to the northeast prevented Russia from continuing to occupy territory.

Because Manchu was selfish and restricted the entry of Han immigrants, Russia took advantage of it. From the late Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China, a large number of immigrants entered the Northeast, and finally realized the control of this precious land.

3.4 After the founding of New China, it immigrated to the western region with bad climate, which broke the restriction that it was difficult to immigrate on a large scale in feudal times.

Due to the bad climate and inconvenient transportation in Xinjiang and other areas, large-scale immigration was never realized in feudal times to stabilize the frontier. According to estimates, at the peak of the Tang Dynasty, the population of the western regions was about 1 10,000, and the population of the Han nationality was about 1 10,000. At present, the Han population in Xinjiang accounts for nearly half of the population. With the advancement of the Northern Xinjiang Railway and the Southern Xinjiang Railway, the proportion will increase. Even in Tibet, with the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the acceleration of the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet and Yunnan-Tibet railways in the long-term railway planning, it is believed that a large number of immigrants will enter.

3.5 New crops and modern industries in the United States have reversed the history of population decline in North China before the Qing Dynasty.

Because new crops such as corn, potato and sweet potato in America adapted to poor soil and arid and cold climate, the whole population, especially the population in the north, achieved explosive growth in the Qing Dynasty.

And because the north is rich in coal, steel and oil resources, a large number of industrial cities have been built in the north.

These two factors have reversed the history of the decline in the proportion of the northern population to the national population.

3.6 The restriction of rainfall formed the Heihe-Tengchong population line in Heilongjiang Province.

Due to the limitation of rainfall, the Heihe-Tengchong population line in Heilongjiang Province is formed, and more than 90% of the population is distributed in the east of the line.

3.7 The proportion of coastal population is the highest in history.

Because the main destination of population migration to the south is the southeast provinces, and with the development of modern maritime trade and modern industry, a large number of people gathered in coastal areas, which became the highest period in history.