General situation of Jiangsu dialect

The geographical distribution of the three major dialect areas in the province is concentrated, but incomplete, belonging to the Mandarin area and the Wu dialect area, all on one side, and there is a long boundary line between the dialect areas. The boundary between Jiangsu Jianghuai Mandarin and Wu Dialect is generally bounded by the Yangtze River, but the boundary line does not completely coincide with the Yangtze River. Qidong, Haimen, Tongzhou (part) and Jingjiang (part) north of the Yangtze River still speak Wu dialect, while Nanjing and Zhenjiang south of the Yangtze River belong to Jianghuai Mandarin. Lishui, Jurong, Jintan, Dantu, Danyang, Jingjiang and Tongzhou are the border areas between Putonghua and Wu dialect. Border dialects influence each other, and language phenomena are complex and diverse. For example, Lishui and Jintan originally belonged to the Wu dialect area, but for more than half a century, Jianghuai dialect has gradually penetrated. Now Jianghuai dialect is widely spoken in county towns, and Wu dialect is no longer spoken in public communication; Wu dialect still exists in the elderly and rural areas, but it has declined. Bilingual phenomenon exists in both urban and rural areas, during which the transitional phenomena of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar are rich and colorful. Pronunciation varies greatly within a county. For example, the entering tone characters in Sihong County gradually decrease from south to north, and the entering tone in the southernmost part is basically complete, and the entering tone in the northernmost part no longer exists, while the middle part is quite chaotic, and there is a great difference between the old and the young; The voiced consonants in Tongzhou city gradually increase from west to east, and "Tongdong dialect" is the transitional area between Jianghuai dialect and Wu dialect. In addition, there are immigrants in many places in the province. They live in a large area, speak their native dialects, and form dialect islands of different sizes. On the same border with the surrounding dialects. Dialect islands are few in number and surrounded by many. Dialect island is bilingual, and dialects can be spoken both inside and outside the island. There are dozens of dialect islands in the province, mainly distributed in Xiangshui, Binhai and Dafeng areas along the Yellow Sea and Yixing, Liyang, Danyang and Jurong areas in the hilly areas of southern Jiangsu. There are 25 central cities with great language influence in the province, namely Suzhou, Wujiang, Changshu, Wuxi, Changzhou, Haimen, Danyang, Gaochun, Nantong, Rugao, Taizhou, Yancheng, Funing, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Baoying, Xuyi, Huai 'an, Sihong, Lianyungang, Donghai, Nanjing, Ganyu, Pizhou and Xuzhou. Suzhou, Changzhou, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Xuzhou and Ganyu can be regarded as the most representative dialect points in the seven dialect films. Danyang, Gaochun, Donghai, Sihong, Ganyu and other dialects belong to the border area, and the language phenomenon is more complicated.