Xi was the capital of which dynasty?

There were successively 13 dynasties that established their capitals here, including the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty (early), Western Jin Dynasty (Yu), Former Zhao Dynasty, Former Qin Dynasty, Later Qin Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, which lasted 1 140 years. From BC 1057 to AD 904, Xi 'an was the political, economic and cultural center of China in ancient times, and it was the longest city in China. ?

Western Zhou Dynasty: Zhou Wenwang was once the capital of Fenghao, now Xi 'an, and then returned to Haojing to formally establish the Zhou Dynasty, with Haojing (Xi 'an) as its capital. This year was about 1057 BC, which began the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The last monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty was Zhou Youwang. In the 11th year of Wang You (77 1 BC), the northwest minority dog Rong attacked Haojing and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished, which lasted about 286 years. ?

Qin: During the Warring States period, Qin, a powerful vassal state, established its capital here, and in the twelfth year (350 BC) it was in Xianyang. After Ying Zheng, King of Qin, unified the six countries, the first emperor still took Xianyang as the capital and implemented the county system throughout the country. At the same time, it is stipulated that there is no county in Gyeonggi, which is governed by the internal history, which is different from other counties. At that time, Xi 'an area was managed by internal history. After Qin Dynasty, he died in the first year of Zi Ying (207 BC), where he established his capital about 144. ?

Western Han Dynasty: Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor in 202 BC and moved to Chang 'an in May, beginning the rule of the Western Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty ended in the third year (AD 8), and died because of Wang Mang's usurpation of power, which lasted about 2 10 years. ?

Xin: In 8 AD, the Western Han Dynasty established Wang Mang, with Chang 'an as its capital. Because its "restructuring" after taking office further intensified various domestic contradictions at that time, a peasant uprising broke out. In 23 AD, the uprising overthrew the rule of the "new" dynasty, and its rule in Chang 'an lasted about 15 years. ?

Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty: The Eastern Han Dynasty was founded in 23 AD, with Luoyang as its capital. However, due to the melee between warlords in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, its feudal rule was disintegrated. In A.D. 190, Dong Zhuo went to Beijing and established the puppet emperor Liu Xie as the title of Chuping, controlling the central power. Later, due to the crusade of warlords from all over the world, Dong Zhuo came to Chang 'an with his late emperor from Luoyang in the first year of Chuping (190). After Dong Zhuo was killed, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty returned to Luoyang in the first year of Jian 'an (196) and ruled Chang 'an for about 6 years. ?

Emperor Xu of the Western Jin Dynasty: In 266 AD, Sima Wei established the Western Jin Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital, and unified the whole country. In the later period of the rule, due to the sharp contradictions between nationalities and classes, the Xiongnu captured the Luoyang Emperor on 3 1 1, and the Western Jin Emperor Xu Yu was forced to move to Chang 'an on 3 13 (the first year of Jianxing).

Former Zhao: It was built by Liu Yao, a descendant of Liu Yuan, a Xiongnu aristocrat. After the Xiongnu destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty, the "Han" regime was established, but in the later period, the domestic contradictions were sharp and the ministers rebelled. In 3 18 (the first year), Liu Yao put down the rebellion, moved the capital to Chang' an, and changed his country name to Zhao, which was called Shi. However, the former Zhao regime was destroyed by the former Qin Dynasty in 330 (thirteen years), which lasted *** 13 years. ?

Qian Qin: It was a political power established by the Yi people during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. 35 1 year (the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), Yi Jian, a Yi aristocrat, called himself "King of Heaven", with the title of "Qin" and its capital in Chang 'an, which was known as the former Qin in history. This regime once unified the Yellow River basin in the north. However, after the failure of the Battle of Feishui, the former Qin gradually disintegrated, and later the upper classes of all ethnic groups under the control of the former Qin established their own political power. In 385, the former Qin Dynasty was destroyed by Hou Yan in the first year of Pitan, which lasted about 35 years. ?

The regime established by the Qiang people. In 384, Yao Chang, an aristocrat of Qiang nationality, claimed to be the King of Qin, with Chang 'an as its capital, which was called the later Qin Dynasty in history. This year was the first year of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), and he died in the second year of Yao Hongyong and Yonghe (4 17), which lasted about 34 years. ?

Western Wei Dynasty: This is the regime established by the Tuoba people of Xianbei nationality. Tuoba once established the Northern Wei regime to end the division of sixteen countries, unify the Yellow River basin, and carry out the famous "Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen Reform". Tuoba should also be called "Yuan". But it split in the later period of its rule. In 535, Yu Wentai, the minister of the Northern Wei Dynasty, made Yuan Baoju, a royal aristocrat, Emperor Wen. This year (535) was the first year of Emperor Wen's unification, with Chang 'an as its capital, which was called the Western Wei Dynasty in history. ?

Northern Zhou Dynasty: After Yu Wenjue abolished the Western Wei Dynasty in 557, he established the Northern Zhou regime with Chang 'an as its capital. The Northern Zhou Dynasty once unified the Yellow River Basin, but it gradually decayed in the later period of its rule, and the power fell into the hands of Emperor Wendi's consorts. 58 1 year (the first year of Jingdi Dading), Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty abolished Jingdi Zhou as king, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished, which lasted about 25 years. ?

Sui: It was built by Emperor Wen of Sui, the spouse of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty abolished Zhou Dynasty, with the title of Sui and its capital of Chang 'an. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the whole country was unified in 589. However, Yang Di, the late ruler, was cruel and fatuous, which aggravated class contradictions and contradictions within the ruling class. In 6 18, the Sui Dynasty launched a coup against Yu Wenhuaji and killed the emperor Yang Di, which lasted for about 38 years. ?

Tang: After being killed in 6 18 A.D., Li Yuan abolished the puppet Emperor You, proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an, and established the Tang Dynasty. Because Wu Zetian founded the Zhou Dynasty and moved the capital to Luoyang, and Huang Chao's Daqi regime was also in Chang 'an, Tang Dou in Chang 'an can be divided into three periods: before, during and after. The early period began in 6 18 (the first year of Gaozu Wude) and ended in the first year of Zongrui civilization (684), which lasted about 67 years. The middle period began in the first year of Qianlong in Zhongzong (705) and ended in the first year of Guangming in Xuanzong (880), lasting about 176 years. The last period began in the third year of Xuanzong (883) and ended in the first year of Zhaozong Tianyou (904), which lasted about 22 years, with a total of 265 years before, during and after. ?

Extended data:

Xi 'an, known as Chang 'an and Haojing in ancient times, is the capital of Shaanxi, a sub-provincial city, the core city of Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration, the starting point city of the Silk Road, the core area of the Belt and Road, an important central city in western China, and an important national scientific research, education and industrial base. Xi is one of the four ancient capitals in China? , UNESCO 198 1 identified as a "world historical city" and one of the top ten ancient capitals in the world selected by American media. Located in the middle of Guanzhong Plain, it borders Weihe River in the north, Qinling Mountain in the south and Bashui Chang 'an. It governs two counties 1 1 district, and Xixian New Area, with a total area of 10752 square kilometers and a registered population of 9,056,800 at the end of 20 17. .

Xi is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. Chang 'an has been an imperial capital since ancient times, with the capital of Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty, Former Zhao Dynasty, Former Qin Dynasty, Later Qin Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty 13 dynasties. Fenghao Capital, Qin Epang Palace, Terracotta Warriors, Han Weiyang Palace, Changle Palace, Sui Daxing City, Tang Daming Palace, Xingqing Palace, etc. Outline the "Chang' an Complex".

Xi is the best tourist destination in China and one of the cities with the most international image in China. There are two of the six heritages listed in the World Heritage List, namely, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and Terracotta Warriors, Wild Goose Pagoda, Small Wild Goose Pagoda, Daming Palace Site in Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty, Weiyang Palace Site in Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty and Xingjiao Temple Tower. There are also Xi 'an City Wall, Bell and Drum Tower, Huaqing Pool, Zhong Nanshan, Datang Furong Garden, Shaanxi History Museum, Forest of Steles and other scenic spots. Xi is also an important science and education center in China, with seven "double-class" universities, including Xi Jiaotong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University and xidian university.

2065438+February 2008, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration Development Plan, supporting Xi to build a national central city, an international comprehensive transportation hub and an international metropolis with historical and cultural characteristics.

Xi is the first batch of national historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council, which was established in three dynasties: Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang. It is one of the four ancient capitals in the world, and is recognized by the China Ancient Capital Society as the ancient capital with the most dynasties and the longest history of imperial capital in China. 1 100 For many years, it was once the capital and political, economic and cultural center of China.

Xi City is located in Guanzhong Basin in the middle of Weihe River Basin, with east longitude 107.40 ~ 109.49 degrees and north latitude of 33.42 ~ 34.45 degrees, bordering Weihe River and Loess Plateau in the north and Qinling Mountains in the south. The eastern part is bounded by Zero River and Yuanqiu Mountain, and is connected with hua county, Weinan, Shangzhou and Luonan counties. The western part is bounded by Taibai Mountain and Qinghai Loess Plateau, bordering Meixian County and Taibai County. South to the main ridge of the North Qinling Mountains, bordering Foping County, ningshan county County and Zhashui County; It reaches Weihe River in the north and crosses Weihe River in the northeast, and is adjacent to Xianyang City, Yangling District and Sanyuan, Jingyang, Xingping, Wugong, Fufeng and Fuping counties (cities). It is about 204 kilometers long from east to west and about 1 16 kilometers wide from north to south. As of 20 16, the area of Xi city is 9983 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 1066 square kilometers.

The geological structure of Xi 'an is divided into two units: Qinling geosyncline fold belt and North China platform. The great fault at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains occurred during the Yanshan Movement 654.38+300 million years ago. Since the Neogene about 3 million years ago, the neotectonic movement in the Qinling geosyncline fold belt south of the great fault has been extremely active, and the mountains have fallen sharply from north to south, creating the Qinling Mountains. At the same time, the Weihe fault depression, which belongs to the North China platform to the north of the great fault, continued to subside, and the Weihe plain was formed under the joint action of aeolian loess cover and Weihe alluvial.

Xi 'an ranks first in China in terms of altitude difference. The Qinling Mountains, with its steep and beautiful peaks, and the wide and flat Weihe Plain have clear boundaries, which constitute the main landforms of Xi 'an. The main peak of Qinling Mountain is 2000-2800 meters above sea level, of which the main peak of Taibai Mountain in the southwest is 3867 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the central part of the mainland. Weihe plain is 400-700 meters above sea level, of which the lowest point of Weihe river bed in the northeast is 345 meters above sea level. The urban area of Xi is built on the second terrace of Weihe Plain.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia -Xi' an