The Main Contents of Tianjin Treaty and Its Influence

(1) the minister of Beijing;

2 compensation; ?

③ Foreigners travel, do business and preach in Chinese mainland;

(4) Foreign warships and merchant ships can sail in the Yangtze River port.

The influence of Tianjin Treaty;

A. The degree of colonization in China has deepened;

B the power structure of the Qing government changed, and the Prime Minister's Office, the State Administration of Taxation and the Wentong Museum were established;

C. The rise of Westernization Movement aimed at promoting the revival of the dynasty;

Tianjin Treaty was an unequal treaty that Britain, France, Russia and the United States forced the Qing government to sign in Tianjin during the Second Opium War in the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858). The Second Opium War was a war of aggression launched by Britain and France against China in order to further expand the privilege of aggression. 1856 65438+ 10 broke out, 1860 65438+ 10 ended.

1858, the British and French fleets attacked Dagukou with the support of the United States and Russia. When Dagubao fell, British and French troops invaded Tianjin and threatened to attack Beijing.

The Qing government sent Gui Liang, a university student, and Huaxia Na, an official minister, as imperial envoys to Tianjin to make peace.

On June 26th and 27th, Tianjin Treaty was concluded with Britain and France respectively.

Tianjin Treaty was an unequal treaty that Britain, France, Russia and the United States forced the Qing government to sign in Tianjin during the Second Opium War in the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858).

During the Second Opium War, Russia induced the Qing government to conclude an unequal treaty in the name of mediation. 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) On June 13, Gui Liang, an imperial envoy of the Qing Dynasty, signed a contract with Russian Ambassador to China Puyatine. * * * Twelve paragraphs. Main contents:

(1) Russia will conduct trade in seven ports, including Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Taiwan Province Province (Tainan) and Qiongzhou. If other countries open more ports along the coast, quasi-Russia will do.

(2) Russia had to set up consular officers in various commercial ports in China, and sent troops and ships to anchor at these ports;

(3) allowing Russian Orthodox priests to enter the mainland to preach freely;

(4) China and China sent personnel to survey the "previously undefined border" (actually in order to occupy Russian territory);

(5) If China gives other countries trade privileges in the future, Russia will enjoy them all.

The Sino-American Treaty of Tianjin was originally named Sino-American Reconciliation Treaty. During the Second Opium War, the United States induced the Qing government to conclude an unequal treaty in the name of mediation. 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) On June 18, Gui Liang and Hua Shana, the imperial envoys of the Qing Dynasty, signed a contract with Li Weilian, the American ambassador to China. * * * Thirty models. Main contents:

(1) If the Qing government allowed envoys from other countries to stay in Beijing, it should allow the United States to do the same;

(2) Opening Chaozhou and Taiwan Province Province (Tainan) as trading ports (Chaozhou Port was located in Shantou when it was opened later);

(3) Jesuit priests are free to preach;

(4) expanding the one-sided MFN treatment, that is, the privileges granted by the Qing government to other countries, "whether it is related to ships and oceans, trade, political exchanges, etc." The United States has to "share everything"; ?

(5) determine the consular jurisdiction.

The Sino-British Tianjin Treaty was an unequal treaty that Britain forced the Qing government to sign during the Second Opium War. 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) On June 26th, Gui Liang, an imperial envoy of the Qing Dynasty, and Hua Shanna signed a contract with Erjin, the British plenipotentiary. * * * Article 56 with special provisions. Main contents:

(1) The British ambassador lives in Beijing and has consular officers at various trading ports; Niuzhuang, Dengzhou, Chaozhou, Qiongzhou, Hankou, Jiujiang, Nanjing and Zhenjiang in Taiwan Province Province (Houniuzhuang Port is located in Yingkou, Dengzhou Port is located in Yantai and Chaozhou Port is located in Shantou);

(2) Jesuits and Catholic priests are free to preach;

(3) British people must live in the mainland to travel and trade;

(4) British merchant ships can sail in the ports of the Yangtze River;

(5) China and Britain sent personnel to a meeting in Shanghai to revise tariffs;

(6) China paid compensation of $402,000 to Britain;

(7) determine consular jurisdiction and one-sided MFN treatment.

The Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin was originally called the Treaty of Peace Charter. An unequal treaty that France forced the Qing government to conclude during the Second Opium War. 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) On June 27th, Gui Liang and Hua Shanna, imperial envoys of the Qing Dynasty, signed a contract with Gro, the French plenipotentiary. * * * 42. Another "Supplement to the Constitution of the Peace Treaty" was written in six paragraphs. Main contents:

(1) The French ambassador lives in Beijing;

(2) Qiongzhou, Chaozhou, Taiwan Province Province (Tainan), Danshui, Dengzhou and Nanjing were opened as trading ports (later Dengzhou Port was located in Yantai and Chaozhou Port was located in Shantou), and consular officers were set up at each port;

(3) allowing Catholic priests to enter the mainland to preach freely; The French have to travel inland.

(4) All tariffs, tariffs, tonnage taxes, tariffs and import and export tariffs agreed between China and other countries can be "shared" by France;

(5) French warships can berth at various trading ports in China;

(6) China paid 2 million Liang reparations to France.