When was Chongqing changed into a municipality directly under the Central Government?

The process of history is very long, but its realization is only in an instant. As a representative of the Eighth National People's Congress, I am fortunate to have experienced such a historical moment. That was at the closing meeting of the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress. For some reason, the formal meeting scheduled for 3 pm was postponed for a few minutes. At least in my sense, these minutes are longer than years. Perhaps because of this, as early as that morning, Chongqing delegates could not hold back.

In the morning, the meeting arranged maneuver time. Chongqing delegates are like motor vehicles, such a big Beijing city, I don't know where they have gone. It was not until 2: 05 pm that people got on the bus at the entrance of Jinye Building where the delegates lived, and they didn't know where they were going. Director Yu Hanqing's hairstyle is excellent, which shows that he went to the hotel beauty salon for a haircut. Later, I learned that when I blew my head, Mu Si sprayed it, which made him wave repeatedly. "No, no, I will never use this thing in my life?" It happened that Deputy Secretary-General Chen was also blowing his head. He winked at the barber and hinted to her old leader, "There will be a vote this afternoon. Will you make an exception for the image of Chongqing? " Make an exception, make an exception Gao Sufang wore a flowered cheongsam, Wang Xingpu wore a new suit and Li Ding wore a red tie. I ran to the hotel shopping center and bought a white shirt ... It seems that the white shirt was not bought for nothing. On the steps in front of the East Gate of the Great Hall of the People, I was stopped by two reporters from Guangzhou TV Station. The man holds the machine and the woman holds the microphone. "You are the representative of Chongqing. Do you think the proposal to set up a municipality directly under the Central Government of Chongqing can be passed? " "If I say yes, you will ask why." I replied, "This is not a matter of a few words." "Well, I just want to ask: How do you feel now?" I told her, "I feel good. It was still raining in the morning, but just as we got on the bus, the sky suddenly cleared up. I don't believe in superstition, but I believe in feeling. " Yes, when the closing ceremony started, all the lights in the Great Hall of the People came on, as if the sky suddenly cleared up.

There are many agendas, and the decision of the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on the establishment of Chongqing municipality ranks eighth. At 3: 55, the voting results of the eighth agenda will be read out-before that, I pressed the green button on the voting machine to show my agreement, so I pressed it again because I was afraid I was not sure. Later, Deputy Peng told me that he voted with the idea of "handling ordinary things with a normal heart", but before voting, his "normal heart" could hardly go on normally; Later, the representative of Zhao Chunmei said that she let out a scream at the moment when the huge electronic display screen showed the voting result, but she didn't see it clearly. Ok, now I have seen and heard clearly. First, the staff read out the voice of the voting result: "There were 2,720 people present, 2,403 votes in favor, 48 votes against 133 votes abstained, and 36 people failed to press the voting device". Then Qiao Shi announced, "Yes?" Then the applause thundered and was deafening. Finally, everyone stood up and played the national anthem ... when I walked out of the Great Hall of the People and looked at the spacious Tiananmen Square, looking at the clouds and the sky, I always felt that there was something in my heart that I couldn't spit out. Oh, that's a sentence that can only be said in my heart: what can I do for you in the newly born Chongqing municipality? I am not a politician, and I can't guide the course; I am not an entrepreneur, so I can't contribute. I just write books. I can be a recorder. By the way, by the way, I want to record this historical moment, just like taking a photo, and let it stay in people's memory forever. So, I quickly sorted out my diary and supplemented the details. Finally, before returning to Chongqing, I wrote a reportage of nearly 80,000 words, "How the Chongqing Municipality Act was passed". Then, this article was published by Chongqing Publishing House under the title of Diary of an NPC Representative, combined with the reportage How the Three Gorges Project passed at the Fifth Session of the Seventh National People's Congress five years ago. This diary records the moment of history and the eternity of this reality. (Huang Jiren, male, deputy to the Seventh and Eighth National People's Congress, member of the Ninth CPPCC, chairman of Chongqing Writers Association)

That moment is unforgettable.

Huang Jiren is a smoker, and the strong baritone accompanied by smog seems to penetrate seven years of time and space: "Half a month before the vote on the proposal of direct administration, more than 40 NPC deputies in Chongqing, including me, suffered a lot, and the bittersweet taste will never be forgotten in my life."

Questioning is like a tide.

1At the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress in March, 1997, the proposal on the establishment of Chongqing municipality will be put to the vote. At the National People's Congress that year, the information center was set up for the first time, and NPC delegates who came to inquire about Chongqing information lined up for a while. As soon as the information came out, many delegates shook their heads: "Chongqing's GDP is so low?" The scale of township enterprises can't catch up with a coastal county? "

Careful preparation

In that half month, Huang Jiren still lingered in his mind: "No matter day or night, we will split up after the meeting. Some are responsible for collecting the opinions of representatives of other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and some are locked in the room to study the supplementary proposal of the direct administration bill. " Delegates can only sleep for three or five hours a day. Even if they fall asleep, their minds will flash and they will jump up and write at once.

Pass by a high vote

1March, 997 14, the fifth session of the Eighth National People's Congress entered the agenda of the last day. In the afternoon, 13 motions will be voted, and the motion directly under the central government of Chongqing ranks eighth. That morning? Several representatives all wore bright red ties. Yu Hanqing, then director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, made a beautiful hairstyle and said to Huang Jiren with a big smile: "I used mousse for the first time in my life!"

On March 14 15: 52, in the Great Hall of the People, more than 2,700 delegates began to press the voting machine! Huang Jiren almost pressed the "agree" button with all his strength. 15: 53: 40, the number "2430" pops up on the electronic counting screen.

Consciousness of direct jurisdiction

Huang Jiren sighed: At that time, he suddenly stood in the southeast corner of Sichuan Basin, and was examined in the center of the national focus. The plot of being at a loss is fresh in my memory. Seven years later, what he felt most was the increasingly strong sense of "direct administration" of Chongqing people, which was an indescribable humanistic state.

The baptism of seven years of direct administration changed everything. Huang Jiren now thinks that Chongqing people speak much louder and begins to compare himself with Beijing and Shanghai. Many times they don't even pay attention to Tianjin, let alone ordinary cities. This spirit of "giving up who I am" was unimaginable before the direct administration, and the sweet tone of Mandarin also resounded through the streets. Huang Jiren said that this is what an international metropolis should look like. (Huang Jiren)

The word 196 at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress changed the fate of Chongqing.

The Decision of the National People's Congress on the Establishment of Chongqing Municipality contains *** 196 with punctuation marks. Let's review the words 196 that changed the fate of our city.

Decision of the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on Approving the Establishment of Chongqing Municipality

(1March 1997 1997 Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress)

The Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress considered the proposal of the State Council on the establishment of Chongqing municipality directly under the Central Government and decided:

First, approve the establishment of Chongqing municipality directly under the Central Government and cancel the original Chongqing municipality.

2. The municipality directly under the Central Government of Chongqing is the administrative region under the jurisdiction of the former Chongqing, Wanxian, Fuling and Qianjiang.

Three, after the establishment of Chongqing municipality, according to the provisions of the Constitution and relevant laws, the State Council will make corresponding adjustments to the organizational system and division of administrative areas under its jurisdiction.

People's Daily: Establishing Chongqing Municipality —— A Strategic Choice for Developing the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River

March 14 is the last day of the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress. At 3: 58 pm, more than 2,000 delegates voted in favor of the State Council's important strategic decision to start the economic take-off of the western region-the proposal to establish a municipality directly under the Central Government of Chongqing. This moment attracted the eyes of countless pairs of eyes all over the country: from then on, a municipality with the largest population will appear on the territory of our great motherland.

"One pole of strategy", Chongqing has great responsibility.

Since 1980s, China has attracted more and more attention with its amazing development speed.

In the early 1990s, after the successful implementation of the coastal opening-up strategy, the state decided to focus on the development of the Yangtze River, and took the development and opening-up of Pudong and the construction of the Three Gorges Project as two major measures to implement this strategy.

During 1992, Comrade Xiaoping not only paid special attention to Shanghai and Wuhan during his inspection in the south, but also repeatedly emphasized the importance of economic development in Shanghai and the areas along the Yangtze River. It is understood that Comrade Xiaoping was very concerned about whether Sichuan, a populous province, could rush to a well-off society as soon as possible in the 1980s and early 1990s. He has repeatedly proposed to study the problem that Sichuan is too big and too populous to be developed and managed, and to study the role of Chongqing as a central city.

The wisdom of great men is always accompanied by historical speculation. Wang Wende, a deputy to the National People's Congress who has worked in Hong Kong for a long time, explained his understanding as follows: Comrade Xiaoping's three-step strategic goal was put forward according to the fact that China has a vast territory and its development is very different. Comrade Xiaoping's original decision to develop Shenzhen, Hainan and Shanghai was mainly determined by the geographical position of these cities and their strategic position in the national development.

An old comrade vividly described to reporters Comrade Xiaoping's feat of leading troops to leap thousands of miles into Dabie Mountain during the war years. Comrade Xiaoping once told them humorously that this is a "strategic shoulder pole" with two shoulders. Since the reform and opening up, Comrade Xiaoping skillfully used the role of "shoulder pole" to start the economic "motor" of the whole coastal area of China, and successfully achieved the initial docking with the international market.

In recent years, how to start the economic development of the central and western regions and which region to choose as the "strategic shoulder pole" has become a continuous concern of policy makers. An expert on the development of the Yangtze River said that if we want to successfully implement the development strategy of the central and western regions, we must find specific methods or carriers. The Yangtze River, which connects the whole country 1 1 provinces and cities, spans the three major economic belts in the east, middle and west, and radiates hundreds of millions of people, is the preferred carrier. So as to ensure that the Yangtze River development strategy is used to promote the development strategy of the central and western regions and start the economic take-off of the central and western regions.

In the development of the Yangtze River, the dragon head is in Shanghai and the dragon tail is in Chongqing. After more than 40 years of development and construction after liberation, Chongqing has played a powerful role in radiating and driving the western region. Take industrial fixed assets as an example, with a stock of more than 70 billion. If the state takes corresponding measures to activate this asset stock, "heat energy" will radiate to the southwest.

Now, in order to promote the development strategy of the central and western regions and accelerate the development of the central and western regions, the central government has decided to make Chongqing a municipality directly under the central government, which is another vivid embodiment of Comrade Xiaoping's strategic thinking.

As the birthplace of Bayu culture, Chongqing has a written history of over 3,000 years. 1 1 century BC, this is Jiangzhou, the capital of ancient Pakistan. In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi proclaimed himself emperor and changed to Yuzhou, so Chongqing was called "Chongqing" for short. 1 102, Song Huizong changed Yuzhou to Duke Zhou. In AD 1 189, Zhao Xian, the third son of Xiaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor and celebrated his birthday in double celebration, hence the name "Chongqing", which has lasted for more than 800 years.

Historically, Chongqing has experienced three institutional changes, namely "directly under the central government" and "with separate plans". It can be seen that Chongqing's location advantage is very prominent, which has been attached great importance by the central government in previous dynasties. Grasping this important town can play the role of "shoulder pole" in this vast area.

Starting the market, the southwest hinterland is full of hope.

The west is eager for development and the west is eager for prosperity. 10 years, the great success of the coastal opening-up strategy has also aroused a strong desire to develop the western economy. The western periphery of China borders 15 countries, but mainly focuses on the mutual benefit of border trade. It is difficult for coastal areas to catch up with the world's advanced technology and management level, develop at a high speed, and expand themselves, thus affecting the role of a region. Therefore, it is urgent to find a long-span junction between the east and the west, make up for the defects and ensure the national economy to enter a virtuous circle.

Chongqing municipality directly under the Central Government approved by the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, spans east longitude 105 degrees 1 minute to north latitude 10 degrees/minute to north latitude 28 degrees1minute. It borders Hubei and Hunan in the east, Guizhou in the south, Neijiang and Suining in Sichuan Province in the west, and Dachuan and Guang 'an in Shaanxi Province and Sichuan Province in the north. It is 470 kilometers long from east to west and 450 kilometers wide from north to south. Mainly distributed along the Yangtze River, basically in the hinterland of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Tibet, with a total area of 82,400 square kilometers and a total population of 30 million.

Economists believe that according to geo-economics and marginal effect theory, the "fission effect" produced by investing huge stimulus factors in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River with favorable weather and geographical conditions will not only directly contribute to the success of the Yangtze River development strategy, but also benefit more than 200 million people in the southwest. The road to prosperity in the central and western regions has revealed a new dawn.

Deputy Chen Guangguo, secretary of Wanxian Municipal Party Committee, admitted frankly in the discussion with reporters that only from the perspective of the future development of the Three Gorges, there must be a regional big city like Chongqing to make overall consideration and plan the industrial structure, avoid convergence and duplication, and have a great impact on the industries formed in the reservoir area, which can solve the long-term stability problem of immigrants. Deputy Ma, Governor of Henan Province, said that the establishment of Chongqing municipality directly under the Central Government actually gave Chongqing a big policy of developing capital market, resource market, talent market and information market. Zhang Wenbin, a deputy to the National People's Congress from Sichuan, believes that Chongqing's original development orientation meets the requirements of Sichuan's economic development, and its future orientation should be based on the requirements put forward by the state.

Li Youwei, secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee, a pioneer city in the eastern strategic opening up, said that the emerging development economics has a "growth pole" theory. Under the unified deployment of the state, it took 10 years for Shenzhen to become the "growth pole" of the eastern region. I hope Chongqing can also become the "growth pole" of the western region with strong power under the unified deployment of the state.

Representatives of many central and western provinces believe that Chongqing municipality is the best strategic choice to drive the western economy into the fast lane, which fully reflects the central government's great attention to the development of the central and western regions. The success of this strategic deployment will surely become an "accelerator" for hundreds of millions of people in the central and western regions to get rich together.

Echoing from beginning to end, let China embrace 2 1 century.

Revitalizing and developing the western region is not only the wish of the western region, but also the demand of the eastern region, and it is also the big goal of China's all-round take-off.

10 For many years, the representative of Lei Hengshun, an expert who has been paying attention to the development of the Yangtze River and studying the Three Gorges issue, told reporters about his feelings accumulated through years of investigation and research: according to Comrade Xiaoping's design, the coastal special zone was developed in the 1980s, and the Yangtze River development strategy was implemented in the 1990s, forming a bow and arrow strategy. The coastal special economic zones are bow-shaped and the Yangtze River is arrow-shaped. The arrow is on the string, so we have to launch it, to the Pacific Ocean and to the whole world.

From the overall development trend, the coastal developed areas leading the trend of reform and opening up are "stronger than Mazhuang", but "lack of food and grass". There is a shortage of resources, saturated market and labor in the east. Oriental products need to go deep into the mainland market while entering overseas markets, and need a solid and stable rear base. These are the key factors that need the gradual development of the western region to complement and blend with it.

Experts believe that in the 1990s, the focus of the world economy shifted from west to east, which became the most striking change in the global economic structure. Restricted by market, labor force, environment and other factors, developed countries are developing emerging industries and transferring traditional industries on a large scale. China's areas along the Yangtze River are rich in resources, cheap in labor and good in industrial base, which are very attractive to international capital, technology and industrial transfer.

However, experts warn that due to the opening and rising of some countries in Asia and Eastern Europe, the opportunities brought to China by worldwide industrial restructuring are only about 15 to 20 years, or even shorter. Whoever acts early and acts fast will gain the advantage first. Therefore, the Central Committee and the State Council made up their minds to propose the establishment of a municipality directly under the Central Government, which was adopted by the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, and became an important measure for China's eastern, central and western regions to accept and participate in this worldwide industrial adjustment.

Many delegates have formed a kind of * * *. Only when the East and the West go hand in hand, "leading" and "dancing" can China embrace the 2 1 century and be worthy of Comrade Xiaoping, the chief architect of reform and opening up. (Li Weiping Zhou Qing) People's Daily [199703 15 № C]

Local media: Bless you, Chongqing.

1In March, 1997, the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress will vote on the proposal to establish a municipality directly under the Central Government of Chongqing. As a reporter of a local newspaper, I feel that it is an opportunity and a kind of luck to experience and report such a historical moment.

1The Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress held in March 1997 will vote on the proposal to establish a municipality directly under the Central Government of Chongqing. No one is sure whether the vote will pass. Superior requirements: all Chongqing journalists are not allowed to cover and report topics related to the direct management before the direct management vote is passed.

The tense atmosphere in recent days and the analysis of the delegation believe that Chongqing's direct administration is not a big problem, but it may lose a lot of votes, and the situation is not optimistic.

13 that night, I even "simulated" a draft on my laptop. The first sentence is "On the bus to the Great Hall of the People, Chongqing delegates were silent, just like the gloomy weather in Beijing recently".

The next day, the motion of Chongqing municipality was passed by a high vote.

At the moment when the bill was passed, my body and mind were shaking and I kept saying to myself, "Bless you, Chongqing!" " " [