TasmaniaTasmanians

1. What is the Tasmanian effect? 2. What is the Tasmania effect? ??3. Detailed information on Tasmania (Australia's first-level administrative region). What is the Tasmania effect?

The Tasmanian Effect is: in anthropology, this phenomenon of degradation of social civilization caused by the closure of social exchanges and the inability of the social scale to carry the inheritance of Tasmanian civilization and technology. , it’s called the “Tasmania effect.” In layman's terms, in Tasmania, without external technological input and a small population, the technological level of a certain area will not only not continue to improve, but will be locked at a certain level forever, and may even regress. situation. This effect stems from a real case.

The warning significance of the Tasmania effect:

The Tasmania effect also has warning significance for individuals. In Tasmania, we need to open ourselves up and not let ourselves The thinking is just stuck in a "circle" and the thinking is solidified. In Tasmania, we need more communication and the absorption of knowledge from different dimensions. Learning across "circles" will make our thinking more active, not stagnant or locked, but jumping to a more advanced dimension. What is the Tasmanian Effect?

Tasmanian Effect Tasmania: The situation when there is no external technology input to Tasmania and the population of Tasmania is too low Under this situation, the technological level of some areas will not only be locked at a certain level forever, but will even regress.

The red part is Tasmania, a small island in the southern hemisphere. It is separated from Australia by the 200-kilometer-wide Bass Strait, and its area is 1.87 times that of Taiwan Province. The Tasmanians are one of the loneliest ethnic groups in the modern history of the earth. But the most terrifying thing is not the loneliness, but the fact that the isolation has plunged them into the degradation of civilization in Tasmania.

The Tasmanian effect is also known as Tasmanian devolution (where devolution is the antonym of evolution).

Detailed explanation:

The tens of thousands of years of "reverse evolution" history of civilization that occurred on the island of Tasmania has brought some warnings to us in Tasmania. . Archaeological evidence shows that humans first set foot in Australia at least 65,000 years ago.

Although Australia seems far away today, sea levels dropped during the Ice Age, and the distance between the two places was not far. Although you can't walk to Australia on foot, humans can get across with a simple rafting trip thanks to the large number of islands in the middle that can be used as relay stations.

After arriving in Australia, the ancestors of the Australian Aboriginals crossed the land bridge of Bass Plains to reach Tasmania. There have been human footprints in Tasmania at least 42,000 years ago. At that time, Tasmania was still connected to the Australian mainland, and humans in the two places still had contact. But about 10,000 years ago, rapid sea level rise transformed Bass Plains into Bass Strait.

At that time, the peoples of these two continents had not yet built watercraft capable of crossing Bass Strait. The vast sea water completely cut off Tasmania's daily connection with the Australian mainland.

Some of the archaeological remains shown on the Tasmanian and Victorian coastlines. As a result, thousands to tens of thousands of people in Tasmania seem to be completely isolated and living alone in the world. From this perspective, Tasmania is a paradise, and there is nothing wrong with it.

The rich supplies on the island are more than enough to ensure that everyone has enough food and clothing. But when European whites first landed on Tasmania, they were shocked by the backward life of the local indigenous people. Tasmanians live one of the most primitive lives in the world. Detailed information on Tasmania (Australia's first-level administrative region)

Tasmania is the only island state in the Commonwealth of Australia. It is 240 kilometers south of Victoria, separated by Bath. The Strait mainly includes the main island of Tasmania as well as Bruny Island, King Island, Flinders Island, Macquarie Island and many coastal islands. It is known as the "Natural State" and is also known as the "Apple Land". "Island", also known as the "Holiday State" and "Australia's version of New Zealand", is characterized by beautiful scenery and simple humanities. Resources are rich and diverse. There are hydropower developments in the central and western regions. Western forests provide hardwoods and raw materials for the pulp and paper industry. Dairy industry and mixed agriculture are dominated by the humid northern regions. Sheep grazing is extensive in the drier central and east coast. The southeastern region specializes in horticulture. Industry.

Basic introduction

Chinese name: Tasmania Foreign name: Ta *** ania Administrative region category: First-level administrative region Region: Australia Regions under jurisdiction: Hobart, etc. ***Residence: Hobart Location: Located in the south of the southeastern corner of the Australian continent Area: 90,758 square kilometers Population: 503,293 (March 2012) Climate conditions: Maritime climate Famous attractions: Port Arthur, Airport: Hobart International Airport , South East Airport Time Zone: UTC+10:00 Average altitude: 75m (246ft) Regional introduction, cultural symbols, state flag, state emblem, state animals, state flowers, historical evolution, political system, natural resources, climate characteristics, Culture and education, economy and industry, scenic spots, Wineglass Bay, Cradle Mountain, Mount Wellington, Royal Botanic Gardens, Port Arthur, regional introduction Tasmania is the smallest of the six Australian states and is the only one where people can use several The state that the sky can turn around is between 40° and 43.5° south latitude, located to the south of Australia, bordering the Indian Ocean to the west, the Tasman Sea of ??the Pacific to the east, and the Australian continent to the north across Bass Strait, which is less than 60 meters deep. Hope is "the end of the world". The state consists of a number of islands. The main island of Tasmania is slightly triangular in shape, and is surrounded by many smaller islands, the most important of which are King Island, Flinders Island and Bruny Island. Tasmania Tasmania is made up of more than 300 small islands. Before the end of the Ice Age about 10,000 years ago, Tasmania was connected to the Australian mainland. At the end of the Ice Age, water from melted snow flooded the area where the two sides met, forming Bass Strait. Precisely because Tasmania is not connected to mainland Australia and develops slowly, it retains its pure and natural side. The original style of Tasmania. The reason why it is said that the style here is relatively primitive is because the local protection measures are in place. The airport in Hobart, the capital of Tasmania, can be called a mini airport. So far, only domestic Flights are allowed in and out, but fresh fruits and fish are not allowed, otherwise they will be confiscated and fined. Tasmania is the state with the most mountains in Australia. There are many but not high mountains. There are few mountains over 1,500 meters high. Tasmania is famous for its mountainous landscape accounting for a very high proportion of Australia's total area. About 40% of the state is covered by mountains. Officially listed as a national park, nature reserve or world natural heritage site. The central part of the main island is a plateau and the west is a mountain range parallel to the coastal coast. It is sparsely populated and is the main mining area of ??the state. Manufacturing is the main industry of the state's economy, and agricultural production is diversified. Beef cattle farms are distributed in various parts of the state. The central region and the southeastern plateau area are mainly sheep operations, and pig and dairy operations are concentrated in the north and northwest. area. The state is also committed to developing aquaculture, especially to continue to increase salmon production. Tasmania's location, cultural icon, state flag. The Tasmanian flag was designed and made in 1876. It has a dark blue background color. On the left side, 1/4 of the way to the upper left corner of the flagpole, is a British Union Jack. , symbolizing the traditional relationship between the island state and the United Kingdom. In the center of the right 1/2 is a circular pattern with a white background and a red lion inside, representing the British royal family. The state emblem of Hobart, the capital of Tasmania, was designed and produced in 1917. The center of the state emblem is a shield. The upper left and lower right corners of the shield are based on red, and the upper left corner is A bunch of wheat, and in the lower right corner is a bunch of hops, a specialty of the island. The upper right and lower left corners of the shield have a blue and white background. The upper right corner is a mountain eagle, and the lower left corner is four apples, a specialty of the island. The narrow banner in the middle of the shield has a white background and a ram inside. On the left and right sides of the shield is an extinct Tasmanian tiger (also known as the thylacine), a rare animal on the island. At the top of the shield is a red lion. The lion's right front paw is holding a pick and a pickaxe, symbolizing the state's mining industry. The ribbon below the state emblem reads in Latin: UBERTAS·ET·FIDELITAS, The Chinese meaning is "rich and loyal". Cultural Icon State Animal Tasmania’s state animal is the extinct Tasmanian tiger. Also known as the thylacine (English name: Thylacine, Ta***anian wolf) because its stripes resemble those of a tiger, it is also known as the Tasmanian tiger. Its ancestors may be widely distributed in the New Guinea tropical rain forests, Australian grasslands and other places. It belongs to the marsupial class, and like kangaroos, the mother has a pouch, gives birth to immature young, and is nocturnal. 5,000 years ago, dingoes entered Australia with humans. The last thylacine died on September 7, 1936. Died at Hobart Zoo, Tasmania. Today people can only see it in murals or museums. Tasmania's Tiger State Flower The state's state flower is the island's endemic plant, Tasmanian blue eucalyptus. It is a type of eucalyptus. It grows rapidly, tall and straight. There are lush trees in the mountainous areas of Tasmania. Blue gum forest. Historical evolution In 1642, a man named Tasman discovered Tasmania and named it "Van Diemen's Land". Around 1790, the British landed on the island; in 1825, it became a colony. Until the 1850s, Van Diemen's Land was used as a penal colony, especially Port Arthur, southeast of the capital Hobart, where thousands of prisoners were imprisoned. In 1856, the island began to implement self-government and was renamed Tasmania.

In 1901, the Australian Federation was established, and Tasmania joined and became a state of the federation. Mining (copper, zinc, tin, tungsten) and animal husbandry (wool) are Tasmania's main economic industries. Perspective view of the capital of Tasmania 3. During the end and early stages of the Ice Age, Tasmania was connected to the Australian mainland. The end of the Ice Age caused water from melted snow to cover the area where the two sides met, forming Bass Strait. The Tasmanian Aboriginals are the earliest known inhabitants of Tasmania. When the British settled in 1803, the indigenous population was about 5,000 to 10,000 and there were nine tribes. However, due to European executions and disease infections, the number dropped sharply to 300 in 1833, and they were moved to Fenlianda Island at the same time. It is generally believed that Chugnini (1812-1876) was the last known Tasmanian Aboriginal person, but in fact there is conclusive evidence that "Fanny Gowan Smith" was the people. The first recorded European to "discover" the island was the Dutch explorer Abu Tasman on November 24, 1642. He named the island after his sponsor, Anthony van Diemen of the Dutch East India Company. Later, the British shortened the name to Van Diemen's Land. Captain James Cook arrived here in 1777, and many European navigators in the future added colorful names to the island's landscape. View of Tasmania's capital 4 Abu Tasman also "discovered" Bruny Island in southern Tasmania in 1642. This island is an island in the southeast of Tasmania, separated from the main island of Tasmania by the Jean Ente Castex Strait and Storm Bay. In 1792, French explorer Bruni Jean Entecastex surveyed the island and named it after it. The original Australian native name was "Alonnah Lunawanna". At the end of the 19th century and the late Qing Dynasty, a large number of Chinese workers came to Tasmania by ship for mining, mainly concentrated in the northeastern town of Scottsdale. It is said that foreign Chinese also had a minor conflict with locals on a small bridge due to interests. Most of the Chinese members returned to China after finishing their work, and the remaining small number moved to Melbourne and other places. The simple houses, dishes, and even several Chinese graves left behind by the Chinese miners have become the basis for historians' research. The town revitalized the ruins of Chinese miners, calling it "Trail of the Tin Dragon," as a way to develop tourism. Political system The Tasmanian Parliament (located in the state capital, Hobart) has two houses, with 35 seats in the House of Representatives, elected on a proportional representation system. The Senate is traditionally a non-partisan chamber, with one elected from each of the 19 constituencies. Composition of members. The main political parties are the Australian Labor Party and the Australian Liberal Party. The state *** provided assistance to abandoned wives or husbands with children, wives whose husbands were in prison, and children with no one to care for them, but most social welfare was the responsibility of the state ***. Tasmanians attach great importance to private ownership of housing, and apartments account for less than 1/10 of residences. Natural Resources Tasmania is rich in natural resources and covered with forests. Most of the felled trees are natural broadleaf trees, and coniferous tree plantations are being established. In addition to providing raw materials for the construction industry, forest development is also used to make paper (such as newsprint and high-quality writing paper), wood pulp, cardboard, and plywood. The predominantly mountainous island of Tasmania contains most of Australia's hydropower potential. Animal resources are quite abundant in large eucalyptus forest areas. Birds include honeyeaters, blackbirds, black magpies, black cockatoos and various other parrots. Mammals include wallabies, quolls, and ring-tailed quolls, while carnivorous marsupials include quolls, spotted quolls, and Tasmanian possums. There are various species of hairy-nosed wombats in moss habitats and moorlands. The coastal zone is home to the green rosella and the egg-laying mammals the platypus and echidna. Perspective view of Tasmania's capital 5 The state is rich in mineral resources, with major mineral deposits including iron, zinc, lead, copper, tin and tungsten. Climate Characteristics Tasmania has a mild and pleasant climate, and is known as "the temperate island with the best climate in the world". The four seasons are distinct and each has its own characteristics. In summer (December, January, and February), the climate is mild and comfortable, with long nights and warm days. The average maximum temperature is 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit), and the average minimum temperature is 12 degrees Celsius (54 degrees Fahrenheit); autumn (March, April and May), peaceful and refreshing, sunny, with an average maximum temperature of 17 degrees Celsius (63 degrees Fahrenheit), and an average minimum temperature of 9 degrees Celsius (48 degrees Fahrenheit); winter (June, July, August), fresh and fresh Cool, the mountain peaks are covered with snow, the average maximum temperature is 12 degrees Celsius (54 degrees Fahrenheit), and the average minimum temperature is 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit); spring (September, October, November) is cool, fresh, and green Exuberance is the season when everything in the world wakes up and is reborn. The average maximum temperature is 17 degrees Celsius (63 degrees Fahrenheit) and the average minimum temperature is 8 degrees Celsius (46 degrees Fahrenheit). Perspective view of the capital of Tasmania 2 Culture and Education Tasmania State *** Compulsory education for residents aged 6 to 16 years. Higher education institutions include the University of Tasmania, which has a four-star comprehensive star ranking among Australian universities, Tasmanian TAFE College, and Tasmanian *** Public School. Other schools include the Australian Maritime College Tasmania. Branch campus and Ardley Taber Christian College Hobart campus. The University of Tasmania, the fourth oldest university in Australia, is one of the so-called "sandstone universities" with campuses in Hobart, Launceston and the northwest.

University of Tasmania The state has a world-class symphony orchestra, an island cultural festival, and a Midwinter Festival celebrating the Antarctic connection. The Theater Royal, built in Hobart in 1834, is Australia's oldest theater; it hosted Tasmania's first arts festival in 1972. The cultural life of Tasmanians is extremely active. The state has various amateur orchestras, choirs and theater troupes that perform regularly changing plays. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation maintains the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra with financial support from the Hobart and Launceston councils. Tasmania also holds regular film festivals and arts festivals. Economic Industry Tasmania's agricultural production is diversified. As of December 2011, the number of sheep has increased to 5.3 million, and Tasmania produces more than 20,000 tons of wool each year. Approximately 432,800 cattle are used for meat production and 135,800 for milk production. The dairy industry is an important part of agricultural production, and dairy products account for about 15% of the total agricultural output value. Tasmania produces some of the finest quality cheeses that enjoy an international reputation. The state's apple production has dropped to less than 60,000 tons over the past decade, but apples remain an important crop here. Vegetables are mainly processed in the Northeast and Northwest regions. The potatoes produced are worth about A$60 million, accounting for about 25% of Australia's total potatoes. Other crops include hops, French beans, and peas. In addition to providing raw materials for the construction industry, the state produces more than 2 million tons of iron and scheelite every year, and produces about 630,000 tons of raw coal and 360,000 tons of clean coal. Minerals smaller than coal include zinc, tin, copper, Gold and silver; in addition, black coal and lead and sulfuric acid produced in the south. Most of Tasmania's electricity supply is through hydroelectric power, which is regulated by the Hydroelectricity Commission. Manufacturing is the main industry in the state's economy, accounting for almost 20% of Tasmania's gross national product. Manufacturing accounts for 17% of the state's jobs and produces products including food, textiles, clothing, footwear, lumber, paper products, chemicals, metals, transportation equipment, industrial machinery and household appliances. The manufacturing industry mainly includes three areas: food and beverages, wood, wood products, furniture, paper, paper products, printed matter and publications. These three areas account for 60% of manufacturing turnover. The state is also committed to developing aquaculture, especially to continue to increase salmon production. Attractions and Scenic Spots Wineglass Bay Tasmania's famous scenic spot Wineglass Bay is located in Freyci National Park. Looking from afar, the stretch of snow-white sandy bay looks like the foam on the rim of a wine glass. Be famous all over the world. The sea and sky are the same color, with sparkling waves and white sandy beaches. The scenery is charming. Wineglass Bay Cradle Mountain The picturesque Cradle Mountain is located at the northern end of Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in northwestern Tasmania. According to the brochure, it covers an area of Approximately 161,000 hectares. It is also part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, where rare animals often appear and rare plants reproduce naturally. If you look closely, there is a small protruding rock between the two peaks, which looks like a baby lying quietly in a cradle. This is where the name comes from, and it has a tranquil and far-reaching artistic conception. Cradle Mountain Mt Wellington is located 20 kilometers west of downtown Hobart, about a 20-minute drive, with an altitude of 1,270 meters above sea level. From the observation deck on the top of the mountain, you can overlook the entire scenery of Hobart and the Derwent River. You can also enjoy the snow scenery in winter. Mount Wellington has become the first choice for tourists to see Hobart due to its unique geographical location. It takes about 2 hours of walking to reach the top of the mountain along the hiking trail that was opened in 1937. It can also be reached by driving along a bumpy motorway. Mount Wellington Antarctic Exploration Museum, Tasmanian Maritime Museum (Maritime Museum of Ta*** ania), Royal Ta*** anian Botanical Gardens (Royal Ta*** anian Botanical Gardens), located at the west end of the Tasman Bridge in Hobart City , facing the strait, only a 10-minute walk from the city center and the pier. The Botanic Garden was established in 1817 and is one of the earliest national botanical gardens in Australia. The botanical garden covers an area of ??1.3 square kilometers. In addition to planting and cultivating a wide variety of local plants, it also displays many European and Asian trees and flowers. The organic combination of various plants allows the botanical garden to show people different styles of scenery in different seasons, which is unforgettable and is one of the must-visit attractions in Hobart. Royal Botanic Gardens of Tasmania Port Arthur (PORT ARTHUR) on the Tasman Peninsula has green mountains, green waters, blue waves and blue skies, and pleasant scenery. It is only more than an hour away from Hobart. However, it is more famous for its many historical sites where prisoners were held during the colonial era (it has been included in the Australian National Heritage List).

Port Arthur