Macheng Xiaogan town transfer station

Deng Yazeng: The ancestor of Sichuan and Chongqing people who entered Bashu today, paid more attention to Xiaogan Township in Macheng County, Huguang Province. In 1986, the author randomly investigated 62 Sichuan teachers and their spouses in three middle schools: Xiaogan Township, Macheng 13 (accounting for 20% of the total), Huguang 18, Hubei 1 person and Hunan 1 person. The above figures add up to 33 people, accounting for 53% of the total. The rest are marked with small place names below a county or even a province or township. Throughout the local chronicles, genealogy and writings of experts and scholars in Sichuan and Chongqing, the relevant information is basically the same. Xiaogan township, which suffered from tyranny and war with Sichuan (now Sichuan and Chongqing, the same below), said it was impossible to fill Sichuan, even if it was a county. Why did the conference become such a strange story? According to China Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Place Names: "Yuan set up Huguang and other places, used Chinese books and ruled Wuchang Road. Its territory covers the whole territory of Hubei and Hunan, west of Dianbai in Guangdong, east of Hechi in Guangxi and south of enyang. There were three political envoys in the Ming Dynasty: Huguang, Guangdong and Guangxi. Huguang began to refer to the land of two lakes. Clear the reason. Because the province is in Hubei, it is popular to call Hubei a Huguang person. " There have been two large-scale government actions in history: the first time was in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. In the 17th year of Yuan Dynasty (1357), Ming was born in Suizhou, Hubei Province, and joined the Red Scarf Army to conquer Chongqing. Five years later, he proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Xia and the foundation stone of Heaven and Earth. His subordinates are almost all Huguang people, especially Macheng County, the capital of Huangzhou. Sichuan was ravaged by the Yuan Dynasty, with a population of over1.2000. Ming Yu Zhen was thrifty and frivolous, and set up health clinics all over Sichuan to station troops in the fields; Ordered to recruit Huguang people to farm in Sichuan, and his troops learned to disarm and return to the fields on the spot. They exchanged engagement with the surviving aborigines and the new people who entered Sichuan, and became an important part of the new generation of Sichuanese. In the sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1578), the whole Sichuan was recuperated in February16, and the population increased to more than 365,438+million, and the economic and cultural undertakings also advanced by leaps and bounds. In the early Ming Dynasty, there were many descendants of those who moved to Sichuan in Xiaogan Township of Macheng, such as Yang Shengan, the champion of the new capital of Ming Dynasty, and Yang Tinghe, the ancestor. For example, the prime minister of Suining in the early Qing Dynasty, Ao, was a great-grandson poet; For example, the new orders of the three kings, the governor of Kangxi River and so on. It can be seen that Xiaogan Township in Macheng is not only populous, but also a golden signboard in the county. The second large-scale Huguang river filling in Sichuan was 70 years from the 13th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1674) when the rebellion of Wu Sangui rebels was put down to Ganlongba (1743). After the ten-year war in Kangxi in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, with the return of aborigines and new people who fled to northern Shaanxi and other places, and the subsequent 30 years of living, Sichuan Tongzhi contains: "97 100000 men and women in the province". Zhang, the great emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty, fled to Xichong and burned Chengdu. By the early Qing Dynasty, Sichuan Province had lived in Baoning (now Langzhong) for more than ten years, and the territory of Sichuan was empty. To this end, the Qing court issued preferential policies to recruit talents: at that time, Zunyi County (now Zunyi City, Guizhou Province) recruited more than 50 talents for the county magistrate, and the case was increased by one level; Sichuan Xinmin can "occupy" the business, that is, the land reclaimed by labor belongs to all; Mianzhou government buys cattle and seeds from Shaanxi and gives them to farmers free of charge; In the early years of Yongzheng, the grain requisition was repeatedly reduced ... For a time, people in Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Fujian and other provinces yearned for the promised land with the reputation of "land of abundance" for more than 2,000 years due to natural disasters, poverty, or trying to change the environment, and their families climbed to Sichuan, mainly through the convenient Yangtze River waterway. Looking up the genealogy of many immigrants, it is generally recorded that about half of them come from "Huguang Province" or "Xiaogan Township, Macheng, Huguang", and it is impossible to find their own specific village tombs. This strange phenomenon coincides with the second year of Kangxi (1663), the first governor of Sichuan Province, who wrote that "Sichuan Province is a relic now, and its ancestral home is Huguang Trainer ...". Question: What was Xiaogan Township like in Macheng during the Ming and Qing Dynasties? "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books" compiled by Kangxi Dynasty: "Macheng County, the capital of Huangzhou in the early Ming Dynasty, was 230 miles wide, and then Huang An County (now Hong 'an County) was established. "It is only 65,438+060 Li in the east and 65,438+050 Li in the north and south." Huang An County accounts for about 1/3 of the original Macheng County. "The surrounding mountain is like a ravine, and the river outside the mountain is surrounded by a river." Macheng County is located in Xiaogan County (at the foot of Dabie Mountain, more than 200 miles northeast of Xiaogan City, at the junction of Henan and Anhui). There is no entry in Xiaogan Township in China Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Geographical Names. A petition to the CPPCC Xiaogan Municipal Committee of Literature and History was forwarded to Mr. Ji Sulu for reply, but it was not implemented in Xiaogan Township. Letters and visits to Macheng and Hong 'an CPPCC have not been answered. Look up the entries of Macheng County and Hong 'an County in China City and County Handbook 1986, and there is nothing in Xiaogan Township. Such a famous "land of wealth" has disappeared from China, but a considerable number of Bashu children still stubbornly return to Xiaogan Township in Macheng! The analysis of the reasons can be roughly divided into two categories: the county view theory and the immigration transit point theory. First of all, the county looks like

Yan Lu, an old man from Huangpu, participated in the "August13" Anti-Japanese War in 1937, and was a famous person in Xiaogan literature and history. He wrote: "1945 Ms. Chen Huaneng, who runs a weaving factory in Jiangbei, Chongqing, and Mr. Zhang Zhongmin, who is nearly seventy years old, asked to join the Chongqing Xiaogan Travel Association, and described their ancestors with several examples. During the ten years from 1984 to 1996, Tongliang people and Chongqing people wrote many times, asking them to check the situation of Xiaogan ancestors. Mr. Zhang from Deyang also made a special trip to Xiaogan to seek roots and worship ancestors. 1989, 84-year-old Mr. Cheng deliberately returned to his hometown Xiaogan from Taipei to settle down. He said that most people he knew in Taiwan Province Province introduced their ancestors to immigrate to Sichuan from Xiaogan, Hubei. " I really don't mean that you are ignorant in other places. Xiaogan in Macheng has long known you. Obviously, many people confuse Xiaogan County (now Xiaogan City) with Xiaogan Township in Macheng County (now Macheng City). Fortunately, the boundary between the two places is * * *, and catching up with the past is just friendship. There is no need to subdivide it. Mr. Zhong Liqian, the former director of Mianyang CPPCC Literature and History Committee and a famous scholar, put forward a more accurate argument. He consulted Neijiang county annals: "Old households in Neijiang are mostly from Macheng and neighboring cities. Today, I don't know why, but I was told that I moved to Xiaogan Township in Macheng in the second year of Ming Hongwu (1369). " The word "Yan Shuo" did not examine the historical fact that it was impossible to "serve (Zhu Yuanzhang) a letter" to recruit people into Sichuan before the Ming Dynasty, but only showed that habit became nature and the principle of respecting the county was respected. 1, entrust the county to look at the countryside and seek self-respect. Macheng, the capital of Huangzhou in Ming Dynasty, has a large population, and its descendants are numerous. Many talented people are respected by the people and valued by the government. This is the same as the person who has compiled genealogy so far. Or further, it is difficult to test the emperor Xiong Hao with the same surname two thousand years ago, which is similar to the authentic mentality. This is the same as the custom of flaunting "xx Hall" as the county hope from the ancestral temple. 2. After the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi (1697), a large number of immigrants from Hunan and other provinces entered Sichuan, and their cunning people fought in partnership, pretending to be old households in Xiaogan Township, Macheng, occupying other people's cultivated land, threatening the government and winning the case repeatedly. Yongzheng five years (1727), the court found out this matter, and you ordered the whole Sichuan to thoroughly investigate the land, find out the property rights, and make a record to stop this kind of bad style. Second, the immigration transfer station said that Professor Sun, a famous regional historian and editor of Sichuan local chronicles, wrote in a letter: "In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were five immigration transfer centers: in addition to Xiaogan in Macheng, Hubei, Zhuji Township in Nanxiong, Guangdong, Dahuashu in Hongdong County, Shanxi, Waxieba in Jiangxi, and Yanmen in Suzhou. The big locust tree in Hongdong is the transshipment center of Hongwu immigrants in the Ming Dynasty. " Ms. Sun, the author of "The Story of Sophora japonica in Hongdong", gave a book saying: "The Sophora japonica has official immigration transfer institutions and immigration registers, as well as memories of descendants of immigrants, inscriptions by officials and scholars, and folk immigration commemorative signs (including the bird's nest on the Sophora japonica and surrounding buildings)." Nowadays, many northerners are happy to say that their ancestral home is Sophora japonica in Hongdong, no matter how many millions of people live in a small village, no matter which province or county their ancestors are in. After the founding of the Qing Dynasty, the population of Sichuan was more than that of northern Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Hebei after the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the scale of Xiaogan Township in Macheng is at least equal to or higher than that of Dahuaishu Village. Unfortunately, there is no archival history to test, and even the big locust tree can't be listed as a scenic spot. Talk about: 1. Macheng County in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties once included Huang An County, which was later separated. Macheng county has a large population and abundant grain production, and the war disaster has subsided, so it is possible to establish a large-scale immigration transfer station. "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books: An Examination of Huangzhou House's Household Registration": "In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), Huangzhou House actually had a population of 94,428 (excluding women,/kloc-minors under 0/6 years old and elderly people over 60 years old), including Macheng County 10605. In the eleventh year of Kangxi (1672) and the twenty-first year of Kangxi (1682), 19 ding was added. " Kangxi+1 year (1672), Wu Sangui rebel Wang Ping was still insurrection in Sichuan. In the 13th year of Kangxi after the rebellion (1674), the Qing government initially began to "fill Sichuan with Huguang". In recent years, Macheng County has only added 19 able-bodied men. It seems to be speculated that 1000 men moved to Sichuan with their families, resulting in a net increase of zero population, which laid the foundation for the construction of Xiaogan township immigration transfer station. The residents of Xiaogan Township are only 20-30% of the population of Macheng County. (It has been investigated that this township is in the area of Chengguan Town, Hong 'an County, which is smaller than Macheng County at that time 1/3. Even if a family of four Xiaogan villagers are all moved to Sichuan, how can they "occupy" their business in Sichuan and become the mainstream of immigrants? "Huang 'an City Integration" contains: "Chongzhen Guiwei (1643) was flat on March 23, and it was covered up by Zhang, driving away women to level the city with hoes, killing them by spinning, and burying their bodies in the ground, which was not as good as the old city (Huangzhou Prefecture). Burn and kill every five days, and abandon it. Huang' an County was rampant in the late Ming Dynasty, abandoned and not kept, and the people were not happy. " In this way, this city, which was once under the jurisdiction of Huang An County, may become a hard-to-find Xiaogan Township (now Chengguan Town, Hong 'an County). 2. Records of music CDs, local chronicles and tombstones provide a basis for Xiaogan Township to become a transit point for immigrants. Fu Changzhi, the Agricultural Work Committee of Quxian County People's Congress in Sichuan Province, wrote the article "Exploring the Origin of the Surname Relocation in Quxian County in Ming and Qing Dynasties", citing the genealogy and tombstones of 49 immigrants, of which 2 1 immigrants came from Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Huguang County, and 14' s surname was named Xidingzi high-order weir or high-order weir added after Xiaogan Township. "Among them, the ancestor Yan moved into the canal from Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Huguang Province (now Chengguan Town, Hong 'an County, Hubei Province) during the Kangxi period." Sun's "Immigrants Filling Sichuan in the Early Qing Dynasty" also pointed out: "Most of the immigrants from Nanchuan County in Chongqing came from Huguang Province, especially from Xiaogan Goose Web Hill in Macheng. "Mr. Fu Changzhi added," Another Luo surname and Dai surname were originally from Xiaogan Township, and now they are in Hongan County or Chengguan Town of Hongan County. In addition, the surname Yang of Quxian moved from the seventh floor of Ximadang, Dashiban, Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Hubei Province in the second year of Ming Hongwu (1369). "It seems that there was Xiaogan Township in Macheng County in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the descendants of immigrants with three surnames pointed out that it was today in Chengguan Town, Hongan County. In Santai County, Sichuan Province, the descendants who moved in from Xiaogan Township in Macheng in the early Qing Dynasty did not know the small place names below their hometown, and only a few people explained that there was a high weir. The genealogy of the Tang family provided by Tang Xingwei, the former director of the county people's congress, shows that his ancestor Tang Jinxian was a scholar in the first year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1280). He is the magistrate of Chongqing and comes from Gao Qian Hospital in Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Hubei Province. Like this, Xiaogan Township in Macheng was in the Song Dynasty (Yuan? ) During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the similar pronunciation, * * had three titles: high-order weir, high-pole weir and high-sense courtyard, or had the attribute of "T-shaped". It seems that the compound group of immigration transfer stations has been built here, and it has been spread to Chengguan Town of Hong 'an County today. Finally, due to the heavy workload and tight time at that time, it may not have been carefully managed, leaving enough files to provide practical clues for future generations to find their roots. Xiaogan Township, Macheng, Huguang, the dream home of many Sichuanese, when can we show our style more clearly?

(Originally published by Sichuan Hakka Research Center and Sichuan Hakka Overseas Friendship Association: Sichuan Hakka Newsletter,No. 1 2004)