The origin of the courageous national problem

Kokang used to be a minority area on the southwest border of China. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of Han Chinese poured into Yunnan Province. /kloc-In the 8th century, a descendant of a Han immigrant became a local power in Kegan Mountain, and was later named the hereditary Kokang County, loyal to China. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, it boldly merged into British India and became a local county with Chinese as the main body in Myanmar. 1959 After the abolition of the chieftain system, Myanmar courageously fell into long-term turmoil, and it did not stabilize until 1989, becoming the first special zone in Shan State today.

Before Qing dynasty

Historically, most of the Kokang areas belonged to the areas managed by local chieftains, and did not become the border areas that centralized countries could effectively control. The rugged and complicated terrain determines its multi-ethnic composition.

This place used to be Ailao Baipu area, which belonged to Ailao in the Eastern Han Dynasty and belonged to the southwest border of Yongchang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When Zhuge Liang of Shu was in Pingnan in the Three Kingdoms, he left a legacy in Zhuge Paolou Mountain. During the Dali period of Bai nationality, it belonged to Mengtang store in Yongchang Prefecture. Yuan Dynasty belongs to Zhenkang Road and Mengding Road in Yunnan, and it is a part of Mengtang Store. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Zhenkang Tuzhou and Mengding Tufu. /kloc-in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, the Nanming regime retreated to the southwest, and a large number of Han people migrated to Yunnan with the Ming army.

Yang Tusi period

In the18th century, Zhengquan Yang, a chieftain of Han nationality, appeared at the junction of Zhenkangfu and Mubang, and Yang and his successor Yang expanded their power based on Xingdahu. 1840, Yang Guohua, the fourth generation leader, made meritorious service in defending China's frontier defense, and China was made a hereditary county magistrate.

For a long time, Kokang Tusi paid tribute to China and Mubang at the same time. 1886, the British empire merged with the Burmese dynasty, and at the same time, the chieftain who surrendered to Myanmar from northern Myanmar was also included in British India. Britain signed a treaty with China in the Qing Dynasty, which made it clear that there was no stable chieftain on the border between China and Myanmar. Some chiefs were divided into China and some belonged to British Burma. After years of negotiations, 1897 "Sino-British Treaty on the Continuation of Myanmar" was boldly incorporated into the scope of British India and became a small chieftain country under the jurisdiction of Mubang Chieftain.

After the Second World War, we boldly became independent from Britain with the neighboring Tusi State and established the Union of Myanmar. From then on, he boldly gained the status of big toast and was no longer subordinate to Mubang. The hereditary rule of Tusi surnamed Yang ended in 1959, and the courageous Tusi, which lasted for more than 200 years, was handed over to the local council.

Kokang toast list

Yang, 1739- 1758

Yang, 1758- 1795

Yang Yougen, 1795- 1840

Yang Guohua, 1840- 1874.

Yang Guozheng, 1874- 19 16.

Chunrong Yang, 19 16- 1927.

Yang Wenbing, 1927- 1949

Yang, 1949- 1959

Discordant times

After the end of the Tusi regime, the influence of the Tusi family still exists. A few years later, Yang Zhensheng, a member of the Tusi family, rose up and rebelled against the Burmese government. The government forces carried out the policy of "fruit for fruit", instigated Luo Xinghan to defeat the resolute anti-Burmese forces, and the troops of the Tusi family fled. Yang Zhensheng retreated to Thailand, while Peng Jiasheng retreated to China. The government forces boldly advanced and appointed pro-Myanmar Luo Xinghan to manage boldly.

During the reign of Myanmar * * *

After losing its base in central Myanmar in the 1960' s, Myanmar * * * Production Party, with the support of People's Republic of China (PRC), is ready to March into northeast Myanmar. Peng Jiasheng led the Burmese army to regain its courage, and Luo Xinghan retreated and left.

/kloc-the international situation changed in the 1980s, and there was a serious division within the Myanmar * * * production party, so local armed forces, including brave ethnic minorities, left Myanmar and sent their leaders to China to stop fighting with the Burmese military government and start peace talks.

Shan state first special zone

1989, Peng Jiasheng reached an agreement with government forces and boldly became an autonomous special zone. The military strength of the SAR is limited, and the central government has the courage to send a small number of public servants, [8] including medical personnel and primary school teachers. 1992, civil war resumed, and officer Yang and South Wa State expelled the chairman of the SAR. 1995, Peng Jiasheng cooperated with Wa State and regained control of the Kokang political situation.

Under the pressure of international drug control, after many twists and turns, in 2003, the policy of stopping poppy cultivation was finally fully implemented, agricultural production technology was introduced, and the game industry was developed. The industrial transformation has brought a considerable impact to Kokang, and it is difficult to implement alternative planting in the cold and arid environment of Kokang, and farmers are trapped in poverty. Due to lack of food and other reasons, a large-scale malaria broke out in mountainous areas, killing 279 people. International humanitarian relief was launched, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations provided relief food. In 2005, the International Cooperation Agency of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs began to cooperate with the SAR Government to carry out long-term overall reconstruction.

After the "8.8 Incident" in 2009, Bai Suocheng, the former vice chairman, served as the chairman of the new government of Kokang, and Liu Guoxi, the vice chairman, also served as the secretary-general. The new government excluded Peng Jiasheng's henchmen, and people speculated that Peng Jiasheng had lost control of the brave government.