Are poor households the same as poor households?

How rich is Guangdong? According to the Report on the Development of Comprehensive Competitiveness of China's Provincial Economy (2008-2009) released at the beginning of this year, its economic aggregate has surpassed Saudi Arabia, Argentina and South Africa, making it a veritable "rich as an enemy" province.

But this year, while summing up the joy of reform, Guangdong is also reflecting on its own worries about reform.

In March this year, Wang Yang, member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and secretary of Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, pointed out: "The richest place in China is in Guangdong, and the poorest place is also in Guangdong. At this stage of development, the poorest place is Guangdong, which is a shame for Guangdong and a shame for the first rich areas. "

Seven months later, have there been any changes in these areas known as the "shame of Guangdong"?

How poor is "rich" Guangdong?

Liannan Yao Autonomous County is located in the economically underdeveloped area of northwest Guangdong, with a total area of 1.306.7 square kilometers and a total population of 1.7 million, of which the minority population dominated by Yao accounts for 53% of the total population, and it is one of the key counties in poverty alleviation and development in Guangdong Province 1.6.

"Outsiders can't imagine our poverty. There are still 29 provincial poverty-stricken villages in our county whose annual collective economic income has not reached 30,000 yuan. In 2065,438+00, there were 6,865,438+00 poor households with per capita net income below 2,500 yuan in Liannan County, "said Cui Jianjun, secretary of Liannan County Party Committee.

Liannan is known as "nine mountains, half water and half fields". Coupled with the constraints of history, location, transportation and other factors, the development of economic and social undertakings is still relatively backward, so it is a complex of "old, young, marginal, mountainous and poor", and the people's production and living conditions are still relatively difficult.

Before the opening of the Youth Link Expressway in 2009, it took at least five hours to drive from Liannan County to Guangzhou. Many Yao people living in the mountains rarely walked out of Liannan all their lives.

Guangming Village in Sanpai Town is 20 kilometers away from Liannan County, surrounded by mountains, with scarce annual rainfall and water resources. According to Pan Yatou, a village cadre, the paddy fields in the village average about 2-3 points. It is not enough to grow rice. It is necessary to replant some crops such as corn and peanuts in the mountains. It hardly rains in autumn and winter, and it is dry from September to March every year. Coupled with the difficulty of surface water storage in limestone areas, the paddy fields and mountains in this village have become "looking up to the sky": if it rains, there will be harvest, and if it doesn't rain, it will be dry. Villagers suffering from drought and water shortage are suffering from diseases because they can only drink unsanitary landscapes. "More than 30 people in this village suffer from kidney calculi." Pan Yatou said that villagers who returned to poverty due to illness even accounted for 30% of local poor households.

Liannan is just one of many poverty-stricken counties in eastern Guangdong and northwestern Guangdong. According to statistics, there are 3,409 poverty-stricken villages in Guangdong, with a per capita cultivated land area of only 0.58 mu, of which only 49% belong to the cultivated land with guaranteed harvest due to drought and flood, and the per capita cultivated land is less than 0.3 mu. At present, although Guangdong has solved the road to administrative villages, many natural villages are still unable to connect with motor vehicles, and the inconvenient transportation restricts farmers' development of production and product sales. "Congenital deficiency" has become an important reason why poor areas in Guangdong cannot enjoy most of the fruits of reform and opening up. Lin, director of the Guangdong Poverty Alleviation Office, believes that mountainous areas are the ecological barrier of Guangdong Province. Guangdong has abandoned many industrial projects for the sake of green mountains and green waters, which has limited local fiscal revenue and rural labor transfer employment. For example, in order to protect the clean water of Xinfengjiang Reservoir, Heyuan City has restricted the development of industrial and tourism projects in a large area around the reservoir area, affecting the local economic development and people's income level.

In fact, finding a balance beam between development and protection has become a problem that Guangdong must face. Under the existing fiscal and taxation system, developed areas have accelerated their development because they have more funds for supporting investment, while underdeveloped areas have insufficient original supporting investment, which leads to slow development. "Long-term weak foundation has led to various financial constraints. Therefore, we have mixed feelings about national, provincial and municipal projects that have a bearing on the long-term development of the region, such as transportation infrastructure and industries. We are happy to have supporting projects, but we are worried that local funds are difficult to match ... "Cui Jianjun said that this is the helplessness of underdeveloped areas.

"I want to get rid of poverty" should also be cultivated.

"The purpose of development is for the people, and the fruits of development need to be shared with the broad masses of the people." Lin, director of the Guangdong Poverty Alleviation Office, told China Economic Weekly: "The book" The Shame of Guangdong "by Secretary Wang Yang reveals the real situation of uncoordinated regional and urban-rural development and large gap between the rich and the poor in Guangdong." What Guangdong needs to solve now is how to achieve "* * * common prosperity".

"The widening gap between the rich and the poor seems to have entered a vicious circle. In addition to the Matthew effect of wealth, the conceptual Matthew effect caused by information occlusion also plagues the development of underdeveloped areas. " Cui Jianjun, secretary of Liannan County Party Committee, told China Economic Weekly, "What we have to do is to change these people's thinking from' I want to get rid of poverty' to' I want to get rid of poverty'."

Lin said frankly that people in some poverty-stricken areas have become accustomed to the status quo and have a serious idea of "waiting, relying and wanting". They don't have much initiative to help the poor get rich, and even think that poverty alleviation is a national matter; Some poor farmers are content with poverty, and long-term poverty has numbed them. They just want to give money and things, and are unwilling to get rid of poverty through labor. At the same time, there are some defects in the previous poverty alleviation model, which are unscientific in helping responsibilities, helping objects and helping methods, so that there is a phenomenon of "nurturing lazy people" in poverty alleviation.

At present, Liannan and other places are carrying out the immigration work of people in cold and remote mountainous areas. "Wang Yang, secretary of the research, saw the harsh living environment of farmers in the cold and remote mountainous areas, and pointed out that they must be allowed to go down the mountain to change this situation. Later, the provincial party Committee also issued a document entitled "Accelerating the implementation of the resettlement project and promoting the pace of poverty-stricken farmers getting rich." Cui Jianjun told reporters, however, the immigration work in remote and cold mountainous areas has always been bound by the concept of "homeland". According to statistics, there are 3,278 households in the remote and cold mountainous area of Liannan County, of which only 1629 households are willing to move to the county or central town. Migration down the mountain is an important means to promote people's ideological transformation, which is conducive to helping people in poor areas broaden their horizons and enhance their development momentum.

According to the planning of Liannan County, from 2009, 1629 poor households will be moved to the county immigrant village in stages, with an annual scale of about 300 households. Taking sanjiang town, Liannan County as an example, it is planning to build a compulsory immigrant village in alpine mountain area with a total investment of 400 million yuan and a total planned area of 346 mu, which integrates "food, housing, transportation, shopping and entertainment", so that farmers in alpine remote mountain areas can "get down, stay stable and afford to live".

Eliminate poverty in three years

In June, 2009, Guangdong Province officially implemented the new "two-to-one" poverty alleviation model of "planning to households and responsibility to people". By establishing an "accountability mechanism" for poverty alleviation, it is hoped that poverty alleviation will become "going through the motions".

According to China Economic Weekly, in the "Double Arrival" work in Guangdong Province, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government mobilized directly affiliated units, enterprises and institutions stationed in Guangdong and seven economically developed cities in the Pearl River Delta, as well as cities in the east, west and north of Guangdong 14 and their subordinate counties (cities, districts) to directly participate in supporting poor villages and poor households around 3,409 poor villages.

Taking Liannan County as an example, 99 16 poor households, 38 poverty-stricken villages and 3 1 non-poverty-stricken villages in the county were decomposed, and provincial units of 15, municipal units of Shunde District of Foshan City 12 and 94 county-level units were arranged respectively.

"At present, most people who can't get rid of poverty live in remote areas with poor natural environment and high cost, which is the hard bone of poverty alleviation work." Lin told reporters: "In the past, poverty alleviation was to build houses and roads, and send money and things. Now, there are not only capital investment, but also a lot of talents and material resources, and it also brings market ideas and information owned by developed regions. At the same time, the head of the department personally caught it.

Lin introduced that in this "double arrival" work, Guangdong established a targeting mechanism and implemented "targeted therapy" to solve the problem of "who helps the poor". Verify who the poor households are, and on this basis, establish a targeting mechanism to allocate poverty alleviation resources of institutions, enterprises and institutions more directly and accurately, reduce resource consumption, and achieve targeted poverty alleviation.

Cui Jianjun told China Economic Weekly, "I believe that the' double arrival' work will see obvious results in three to five years". "In order to change the situation of" saving the poor but not saving the poor ",the" double-to-double "work is different in actual operation. Develop village collective economy, share dividends, small loans, companies+bases+farmers, and agricultural products processing.

However, compared with the past, the benefits of implementing "planning to households and responsibility to people" in Guangdong at present lie in resources to households and responsibility to people. It will take three years to basically solve the problems of poor villages and poor households. Solving poverty is only the first step, and the second step is to get rich. This is a fundamental long-term policy. (Zou Xilan talks about Jialong)