Is China the only country in the world that allows ordinary people to set off fireworks on traditional national festivals?

No, fireworks are also set off abroad, which can be strictly controlled.

The following introduces the relevant regulations and management methods of setting off fireworks and firecrackers abroad, hoping to give us some enlightenment and reference.

South Korea: legislation to deal with the three customs.

Koreans also celebrate the Lunar New Year (called Lao Zheng), but there is no custom of setting off firecrackers. They all spend the festival in peace and tranquility. Not only the Spring Festival, but also big folk festivals like Mid-Autumn Festival. Although firecrackers and fireworks are set off occasionally, there is absolutely no such scene as "the earth shakes and the smoke billows" in China. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, especially local celebrations such as ceramic festivals and ginseng festivals have mushroomed. In order to add fun to leisure activities or increase the festive atmosphere, fireworks and firecrackers have increased, but due to strict management, safety accidents such as explosion, fire and personal injury rarely occur.

South Korea's main practice is to legislate in time, manage according to regulations and eliminate hidden dangers. As early as 1984, South Korea enacted the Law on the Control of Guns, Swords and Gunpowder, and revised and supplemented it several times according to the changes in the situation, bringing the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers into the track of legal management. According to the law and regulations, the key point is to handle the three customs well and implement strict management and punishment.

The first layer is the lead-in layer. There are few Korean manufacturers producing fireworks and firecrackers, and most of them are imported from China. South Korea stipulates that importers must apply to the police chief for filing within their jurisdiction before they can operate imports. When importing, a "safety valve" is set to filter, that is, fireworks and firecrackers that do not meet safety indicators and have high accident risk are kept out of the country through specification inspection. There are two main measures: 1 to control the weight of gunpowder. For example, it is stipulated that the charge of rotary fireworks bombs should not exceed 4g, that of whistle-drill fireworks bombs should not exceed 2g, that of single-shot fireworks bombs and multi-shot fireworks bombs should not exceed 10g and 15g respectively, and that the inner diameter of the barrel must be within 1cm. 2. Control product performance. For example, it is stipulated that the jet length of fireworks shall not exceed 1.8m, the burning time of rotating fireworks shall not exceed 10s, the maximum takeoff time of drilling fireworks shall not exceed 15m, and the instantaneous explosion sound of firecrackers shall not exceed 85dB. Those who exceed the standard are not allowed to import, which reduces the hidden dangers of safety accidents from the source.

The second level is the sales level. Stationery stores selling fireworks and firecrackers must file with the police station in the jurisdiction in advance and accept regular and irregular safety inspections. Sales of fireworks weighing more than 500 kg and firecrackers weighing more than 250 kg must be declared. All fireworks and firecrackers must be marked with the place of origin, manufacturer, specific specifications, production date, usage and precautions, as well as the effective contact telephone number of the manufacturer or importer, so as to contact in time in case of safety accidents. When selling fireworks and firecrackers to children who can't understand the instructions, they must be responsible for explaining the discharge methods and precautions. Unsold fireworks and firecrackers should be kept in strict accordance with relevant regulations. Sellers who violate the regulations must bear corresponding responsibilities in the event of a safety accident.

The third level is the discharge level. Formulate strict rules for setting off fireworks and firecrackers, publicize them widely, and supervise compliance. For example, it is stipulated that the place of discharge must be at a certain distance from the house, away from all kinds of flammable and explosive substances; Children must be led by adults to set off fireworks and firecrackers, and children are not allowed to set off fireworks and firecrackers themselves; You can't line up in the crowd, and you can't line up against others; It is forbidden to set off firecrackers in strings to increase explosive power and seek excitement; Fire fighting tools and even firemen must be prepared around centralized discharge places and large fireworks discharge places. At the same time, public facilities, key buildings and beaches are clearly defined as off-limits areas, and in order to avoid disturbing the people, some places also stipulate night off-limits time.

On the one hand, South Korea vigorously strengthens publicity and education, fully provides all kinds of information, and urges citizens to establish safety concepts and law-abiding awareness and consciously abide by laws and regulations. On the other hand, make every effort to strengthen law enforcement and correct illegal acts. Importers, sellers and dischargers who violate the Law on the Control of Firearms, Swords and Gunpowder will be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of 65,438+00 years or a fine of 20 million won respectively according to the seriousness of the case. At the same time, it is planned to study the victim insurance system, stipulating that fireworks producers and importers must join liability insurance and pay in time when safety accidents occur.

America: supervision education comes first

All 50 states in the United States have enacted laws to set off fireworks and firecrackers. Among them, 39 states and Washington, D.C. allow fireworks to be set off in compliance with relevant federal laws, 5 states only allow partial fireworks to be set off, and 5 states, including new york, New Jersey, Delaware, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, completely prohibit fireworks.

Americans like to set off fireworks, but firecrackers like kicking two feet are almost invisible. In every state where fireworks are allowed, due to historical customs and other reasons, laws and regulations are quite different. Generally, no one is required to sell products beyond the regulations, and some States have clear restrictions on the size and powder content of products. For example, Virginia, located in the eastern United States, allows slow-burning fireworks, suspended and ground-rotating fireworks, fountain fireworks and other colors. In Washington, D.C., the capital of Virginia, due to the dense buildings in the city, although slow-burning fireworks can be set off, the length of the fireworks should not exceed 20 inches, and anything that produces explosive sound (such as fireworks) during the discharge process is absolutely prohibited. Although the District of Columbia is separated from Virginia by a river, it is forbidden to set off ground rotating fireworks, and any fireworks with fuses on their sides are also prohibited. In addition, due to the endless variety of fireworks, all fireworks and firecrackers identified by the director of the Washington Fire Department as endangering the public are also banned.

Fireworks associations around the United States attach great importance to the education of citizens. In some States, there are also legal provisions for setting off fireworks, such as not throwing fireworks at motor vehicles; Fireworks and firecrackers shall not be set off within 300 meters of teaching, hospitals, schools and public buildings. Organizations such as the American Fireworks Association and the American Fireworks Safety Committee focus on strengthening public education. The American Fireworks Safety Committee has published the essentials of choosing and setting off fireworks on its website. Some fireworks associations also hold knowledge lectures, distribute pamphlets and strengthen public education. The way of setting off firecrackers is centralized, timed and managed by special personnel to avoid unburned firecrackers being picked up by children. Most of the firecrackers after setting off firecrackers are their own responsibility. If you don't clean them up in time, someone will send you a ticket of several hundred dollars.

To operate fireworks trade, you need to apply for storage license and sales license, and you also need to buy high insurance. In Washington State, DC, the insurance amount ranges from $6.5438+0 million to $3 million. Although the United States imported a lot of fireworks from China, most of the local management rights in the United States were controlled by some Italian family businesses, which have been engaged in fireworks business for generations, and they also divided their sites in detail to ensure that they would not interfere with each other.

EU: Standardization of Import Approval

Many countries in the European Union are consumers and net importers of fireworks and firecrackers. Every year, during the National Day, Christmas, New Year or various major events, EU countries have the custom of setting off fireworks to express their joy and welcome the New Year. In recent years, with the increase of immigrants, especially Asian immigrants, setting off fireworks and firecrackers in their gathering areas has become an indispensable project to celebrate traditional festivals, so the consumption of fireworks and firecrackers in Europe is increasing day by day.

Fireworks sold in the EU market mainly come from China. EU countries have made detailed regulations on the import approval, marketing and discharge requirements of fireworks and firecrackers, which have been incorporated into standardized management throughout.

The management of fireworks and firecrackers in EU countries is basically the same, which is mainly divided into four parts:

I. Import approval and agency system. Because fireworks and firecrackers are inflammable and explosive, there are certain dangers in the process of transportation, storage and discharge, so the import approval authority has always been held by government departments or professional institutions entrusted by government departments. According to the classification of imported products, administrative departments such as commerce, industry, dangerous goods or national defense industry generally participate in the examination and approval. If Spain wants to apply to the Ministry of Industry, the risk level higher than level 4 needs to be approved by the Ministry of National Defense; Norway's approval authority for fireworks import is approved by the nationally recognized "Fire and Explosion Protection Association" in accordance with the provisions of the Norwegian Explosives Law. The Netherlands, Belgium and other countries import fireworks and firecrackers with the participation of their agents. All fireworks and firecrackers imported into EU countries need to pass the discharge test before they can pass the examination and approval.

2. Imported products must comply with relevant product classification regulations. Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and other EU countries have clear classification standards for fireworks and firecrackers, which are mainly classified according to technical indicators such as degree of danger, explosive composition, weight or volume. Spain is divided into eight grades. The first three levels are low risk and can be discharged indoors, in the courtyard or in a small space. Import is approved by the Ministry of Industry, and ordinary shops can engage in marketing activities after obtaining business licenses. Levels 4 to 8 are high-level hazards, which need to be approved by the Ministry of National Defense and operated by professional companies. The Product Classification Standard also provides detailed regulations on the packaging, transportation and storage of fireworks and firecrackers.

3. Specify the business scope and time. After obtaining the business license of fireworks and firecrackers, merchants in EU countries still have to abide by some specific rules in marketing activities. For example, businesses must have safe storage space and corresponding fire and explosion-proof emergency measures. Under normal circumstances, the time for selling fireworks and firecrackers is only three days or a week before the festival; Merchants are not allowed to sell dangerous fireworks and firecrackers to minors under 18.

Fourth, strictly control the time and place of discharge.

Under normal circumstances, community governments and management agencies in EU countries will send a notice to residents near the festival to clarify the specific time and place where fireworks and firecrackers are allowed in this area. As one of the festival celebrations organized by local government agencies, it will also cooperate with some open-air markets, entertainment, music, dance and other activities, which not only gathers people who set out to watch in specific places, but also reflects the warm atmosphere of the festival, embodies the humanistic spirit of government agencies and their good desire to actively integrate with the people, and also provides selling points for some businesses. More importantly, it can let professionals fully ensure the good order and personal safety when setting off fireworks and firecrackers, which is conducive to environmental protection and hygiene afterwards.

EU countries have strict penalties for companies, businesses or individuals that fail to comply with relevant laws and regulations. Revoke the business license according to the seriousness of the illegal act; Companies can be forced to stop business activities, businesses can close their stores for less than six months, and they can also be fined hundreds to tens of thousands of euros. For large-scale celebrations outside festivals, such as weddings, opening ceremonies of companies and shops, the principle implemented by EU countries is that professional companies are responsible for organizing and implementing them, and consumers can easily find these companies online.