Stories of foreign scientists (you will get extra points if you answer within 20 minutes)

French physicist and chemist. Originally from Mabya Sklodowska, Poland. Doctor of Science, University of Paris. /kloc-married pierre curie in 0/895. They studied the radioactive phenomenon first discovered in Bekkerel at that time, and successively discovered two natural radioactive elements, polonium and radium. From 65438 to 0906, after Madame Curie's death, she continued to study radioactivity and made achievements, writing "General Theory of Radioactivity" and "Research on Radioactive Substances", which promoted the development of nuclear science. Curie and Bekkerel won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903, and then the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 19 1 1. She is the first female professor at the University of Paris and the first female academician of the French Academy of Sciences. At the same time, she was also hired as an academician of the Academy of Sciences by other 15 countries. She won 24 awards and medals from 7 countries and held 104 honorary positions in 25 countries. 1On July 4th, 934, this great scientist passed away, but her spirit will inspire future generations forever.

(A) the purpose of scientific workers is to explore the truth, rather than "seeking material benefits".

Madame Curie called her scientific career "pure research", which was purely for the purpose of exploring truth, without any thoughts of fame and fortune. The discovery of radium could have made a fortune, but the Curies were indifferent and didn't even have the enthusiasm to apply for a patent.

Science can discover the beauty of the world, and science itself has great beauty. This kind of beauty has infinite charm, which makes people interested, as if a child is in the scenery of nature, "as if in a dream" and "as if fascinated by fairy tales".

(2) Scientific work needs freedom, tranquility and time.

1. Scientific research needs freedom.

Madame Curie said that her "only hope is to engage in research as a free scholar in a free country". Freedom is the premise of engaging in scientific research. Under the intervention of the invaders and absolutism, the research work could not be carried out smoothly.

Scientific research needs to be quiet.

In order to be quiet and avoid personnel disputes, Madame Curie is willing to bear with it and try her best to restrain herself, making herself gentle and calm and not bothered by stimulation. In order to be quiet, she is indifferent to fame and fortune and does not compete with the world.

Scientific research takes time.

In order to gain time, Madame Curie tried to keep her family life simple, be willing to be poor and minimize housework. In order to gain time, she is willing to be lonely. Even when she was young, she didn't want the happiness of youth. She devoted herself to studying alone.

(3) Scientific research needs dedication.

1. The goals should be consistent.

After 50 years of research, persistence and unremitting exploration, Madame Curie finally discovered radium.

2. Have confidence.

I believe we have a gift for everything. Self-confidence makes people not afraid of temporary failure, and self-confidence gives people the courage to do it again after failure.

3. stick to it.

No matter how hard the working conditions are, you can't shake your will, and no matter how many setbacks in your work, you can't shake your confidence.

4. Be diligent.

Madame Curie devoted herself to scientific research for nearly fifty years, devoted herself wholeheartedly, worked hard and persevered, and finally made great achievements.

Second, the problem research

1. "I am so, perhaps because some force is urging me-just like a silkworm being urged to cocoon." What power does a certain power mean?

Madame Curie didn't make it clear, probably because this kind of power is difficult to express clearly. This power is a compound factor. 1 paragraph says that "this matter must be completed at any cost", and the determination to complete it is a factor. The third paragraph says that "research is the discussion of truth", and the desire for truth is a factor. At the end of the article, "this charm is the main reason why I can work hard in the laboratory all my life." The attraction of scientific charm is a factor. Madame Curie engaged in scientific research, not for fame and fortune, but with a lofty sense of mission, and scientific cause is the cause of benefiting mankind. This sense of mission is certainly a factor.

2. "When I was a girl, I lived alone in the University of Paris." Why is loneliness also a beautiful and happy memory?

I'm afraid the translation of "loneliness" here is not appropriate. What is loneliness? Single, need to communicate feelings without communication will feel lonely. A person in a room, reading quietly, not lonely. What Madame Curie means here is that she devoted herself to her study, always stayed away from the noisy crowd, studied quietly alone, and read a lot of books in college, which was very rewarding. In retrospect, she felt that she had not wasted her time, and such a college life was beautiful and happy.

What do Madame Curie mean by "seeking truth from facts" and "dreamer"?

It should be understood according to the context. "People who pay attention to reality get a lot of rewards in their work", which is completely deserved, so Madame Curie also affirmed it. Paying attention to reality means getting material benefits through work, because after all, life needs money, and you can enjoy a good life by getting a lot of returns. Dreamers study for research, work for work, and study and work for ideals. There is no concept of material benefits at all. As Madame Curie herself said, "They are strongly attracted by their careers and have neither leisure nor enthusiasm to pursue material interests."

4. "I have been immersed in the beauty of the world, and the science I love is constantly increasing its brand-new prospects." What does it mean to "constantly increase its brand-new prospects"?

The first thing we should understand is the beauty of the world, not the beauty of the scenery. Natural science studies the material world, reveals its laws and explores its mysteries. Knowing the law and discovering the mystery, you will feel that the world is really wonderful. Elegance refers to the law of material movement and the internal structure of material. After studying physical chemistry, you will feel the beauty of the world. The more science develops, the more the world shows its beauty, so it constantly increases its brand-new prospects.

Since childhood, sports have never been Hawking's strong point, and he is not good at almost all ball games.

In his third year at Oxford, Hawking noticed that he became more clumsy and fell down once or twice for no reason. Once, he suddenly fell down the stairs for some unknown reason, immediately fell into a coma and almost died.

It was not until 1962 that Hawking was a graduate student in Cambridge that his mother noticed her son's abnormal condition. Hawking, who just celebrated 2 1 birthday, spent two weeks in the hospital. After various examinations, it was diagnosed as "Luger's disease", that is, motor neuron atrophy.

The doctor told him that his body would get out of control more and more, and only his heart, lungs and brain could function. Finally, the heart and lungs will also fail. Hawking was only sentenced to two years in prison. That was at 1963.

At first, the disease deteriorated quite quickly. The blow to Hawking can be imagined. He almost gave up all his studies and research because he didn't think he could finish his master's thesis alive. However, a woman appeared.

■ A woman appeared.

Her name is Jane Wald.

1962 In the summer, Jane met Hawking, who walked awkwardly and faltered, through her friends, and met him several times later. So, they met love.

But their love is a bit bitter. Hawking is incurable about his illness, so he doesn't intend to establish a long-term and stable relationship. There is always a third party between them-death.

However, the power of love is irresistible. On July14th of the following year, Jane and Hawking got married.

Years later, Jane wrote in her memoir "Music Moves the Stars": "I love him very much, and nothing can stop me from marrying him. I am willing to cook, wash clothes, shop, clean up the housework for him and give up my previous ambitions. "

The engagement to Jane really changed Hawking's life. In order to get married, he needs a job, and in order to get a job, he needs a doctorate. Therefore, for the first time in his life, he began to study hard. To his surprise, he found himself very fond of research. Love has a happy ending. However, wheelchairs appeared.

■ Wheelchairs appear.

Hawking's condition is getting worse and worse. 1970, Hawking, whose academic reputation is growing day by day, was unable to walk by himself, and he began to use a wheelchair. To this day, he has never left it.

Hawking, who has been sitting in a wheelchair, works and lives extremely tenaciously.

199 1 In March, Hawking returned to his apartment in Berlin in a wheelchair. When crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. The left arm was broken, the head was cut off, and 13 stitches were stitched. However, 48 hours later, he returned to work in the office.

On another occasion, he and his friends went to a country house. When going uphill, they turned too hard and the wheelchair fell backwards. I didn't expect the master of gravity to be overturned in the bushes by the gravity of the earth.

Despite the growing physical disability, Hawking still tries to live like an ordinary person and accomplish what he can. He's even lively-it sounds a bit funny. After he was completely unable to move, he still insisted on driving a wheelchair with his only movable finger on the way to the office. In a hotel in Moscow, he suggested that everyone dance. The way he turned the wheelchair in the hall was really a miracle. When meeting Prince Charles, he turned his wheelchair to show off and ran over Prince Charles' toes.

Of course, Hawking also tasted the consequences of "freedom" action. The master of quantum gravity fell from his wheelchair many times under the weak gravity of the earth. Fortunately, every time he stubbornly "stood up".

1985, Hawking underwent tracheal surgery, and since then he has completely lost the ability to speak. It is under such circumstances that he made great efforts to write the famous A Brief History of Time and explored the origin of the universe. Hawking achieved great success, but the reality of life replaced the romance of love, and his marriage with Jane came to an end.

■ Intuition: Black holes are not black.

Hawking's research object is the universe, but he has never been interested in observing astronomy, and has only observed it several times through a telescope. Compared with traditional scientific methods such as experiment and observation, Hawking's method relies on intuition.

The great achievement of "black hole is not black" comes from the flash of an idea. 1970 1 1 One night in June, Hawking slowly climbed into bed and began to think about the problem of black holes. He suddenly realized that a black hole should have a temperature, so that it would release radiation. In other words, black holes are not that black.

This epiphany, after three years of thinking, formed a complete theory. 1973165438+1October, Hawking officially announced to the world that black holes constantly emit X-rays and gamma rays, which is the famous "Hawking radiation". Before that, people thought that black holes could only swallow but not spit.

From the singularity of BIGBANG to the radiation mechanism of black holes, Hawking has made outstanding contributions to the development of quantum cosmology. Hawking won the Wolf Prize in Physics from 65438 to 0988.

■ The king of bestsellers: a brief history of time

Hawking's popular science book A Brief History of Time-From BIGBANG to Black Hole has sold as many as 25 million copies worldwide, and has been on the bestseller list since the publication of 1988, setting a bestseller world record. In this book, Hawking tries to explain black holes, the origin and fate of the universe, black holes and time travel in a way that ordinary people can understand.

At the beginning of A Brief History of Time, Hawking pointed out: "I was told that every equation I wrote in the book would halve sales. So I decided not to write any equations. But at the end of the book, I wrote an equation, Einstein's famous equation E=mc2. I hope this will not scare away half of my potential readers. " Now it seems that Hawking is completely worried.